Language focus of unit 4
Gerund and Present Participle/ Perfect gerund and Perfect Participle
I. Gerund and Present Participle: Danh ng t v hin ti phõn t
1. Gerund (danh động từ) đợc cấu tạo bởi một động từ + ING để trở thành danh từ.
- Gerund có chức năng làm chủ ngữ trong câu.
Ví dụ: Swimming in a swimming pool on a hot day is very interesting.
-Gerund có chức năng làm tân ngữ trong câu.
Ví dụ : He likes playing football.
- Gerund có chức năng làm bổ ngữ trong câu.
Ví dụ : Conservation is safeguarding and preservation of natural resources.
- Cũng nh những danh từ khác, Gerund cũng đợc dùng sau một mạo từ, tính từ sở hữu,
Ví dụ: Do you mind opening the door?
The reclaiming is important for farmers.
Thank you for your coming.
-Gerund đôi khi để thành lập danh từ kép.
Ví dụ : a diving board, driving licence, landing car
2. Present Participle( Phân từ hiện tại) đợc cấu tạo bởi một động từ + ING
_ Present participle (V_ing) đi sau đông từ TO BE để diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra.
Ví dụ: I am studying English now.
- Present Participle ( V_ing) đợc dùng thay thế một mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ví dụ: The train arriving at the station is one hour late. ( The train which is arriving at the station is
one hour late.)
Present Participle ( V-ing) dùng để miêu tả hai hành động.
+ xảy ra cùng một thời điểm, một chủ ngữ.
Ví du; We sat in front of T.V, watching football.
+ xảy ra nối tiếp nhau, cùng chung một chủ ngữ
Ví dụ: Closing all the windows and the door carefully, she went to bed.
- Present participle ( V_ ing) cũng đợc dùng nh một tính từ .
Ví dụ: running water, a boring story
Present participle cũng đợc dùng sau cấu trúc have + sb + V_ing
Ví dụ: I had him cleaning his bike.

8. He was trapped in a (burn) house.
9. Im tired of ( work) eight hours a day.
10. She always puts off (go) to the dentist.
II. Hoàn thành các câu sau đây với dạng đúng của động từ là Gerund ,Present Participle, perfect
participle.
1. She admitted ( kill) her husband.
2. I reget ( write) her that letter.
3. I enjoy ( play) tennis with my friends.
4. Martin denied (see) the accused man on the day of the crime.
5. ( Tell) me that she would never speak to me again , she picked up her stuff and stormed
out of the house.
6. Will you enter for the next eloquence contest?
- (Win) twice , I dont want to try again. Lets give chances to other.
7. ( Improve ) . her English Pias promotion prospects are much better.
III. Viết lại những câu sau bằng cách thay thế phần in nghiêng với PerfecParticiple mà nghĩa ko
đổi.
1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
-> Having switched off the lights, we went to bed.
2. The boy asked his mothers permission and then went out to play.
->
3. As he had drunk too much, he didnt drive home himself.
->
4. We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted.
->
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
->
6. She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning.
->
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
->

-> After
6. They argued. Then they fought.
-> After
7. She went out for a walk. Then she had a fatal accident.
-> Before
8. She decided to go away. First she faced the matter.
-> After.
9. We read the book, then we wrote the assignment.
-> Before
10. She watched the film, then she wrote a report.
-> After
VIII. Viết lại các câu sau dùng Gerund Phrase ( cụm danh động từ)
1. A good way of keeping fit is to swim everyday.
-> Swimming everyday is a good way of keeping fit.
2. It takes a long time to learn a foreign language.
->
3. Grow your own food. Its less expensive.
->
4. It is uncomfortable to sit in one place for so long.
->
5. You are not allowed to smoke here.
->
Cách phát âm
I. Cách phát âm của những từ tận cùng là - ed
Những động từ quá khứ có quy tắc kết thúc là - ed đựoc phát âm nh sau:
1. /d/ sau nguyên âm a, e, i, o, u và các phụ âm hữu thanh ( trừ /d/): / /, /b/, /v/, /z/, /
/, /d/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /l/, //
tried /traid/ clothed /klud/
used /ju:zd/ failed /feild/
2. / t/ sau các phụ âm vô thanh (trừ /t/): / /, /p/, /f/, /s/, //, /t/, /k/

6. A. planned B. worked C. helped D. galloped
7. A. hoped B. referred C. shopped D. laughed
8. A. hurried B. studied C. stayed D. started
9. A. watched b. passed C. used D. washed
10. A. moved B. hoped C. married D. danced
11. A. retired B. escaped C. faded D. played
12. A. believed B. asked C. allowed D. died
13. A. called B. phoned C. showed D. finished
14. A. fired B. traveled C. enjoyed D. decided
15. A. apologized B. explored C. rained D. wondered
17. A. programs B. individuals C. subjects D.celebrations
18. A. churches B. commandos C. photos D. wives
19. A. barracks B. series C. means D.headquarters
20. A. crossroads B. species C. works (company) D. mosquitoes
21. A. babies B. Kennedys C. shops D. schools
22. A. houses B. horses C. matches D. computers
23. A. walls B. bosses C. goods D. fingers
24. A. arms B. legs C. heads D. chests
25. A. brothers B. parents C. uncles D. nephews
26. A. hears B. dreams C. wishes D. sees
27. A. knows B. lives C. stays D. meets
28. A. regrets B. remembers C. drinks D. laughs
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