TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP
TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12
I. TENSES
A/ Lý thuyết
1. The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn)
a. Form:
- Khẳng định : I , We , You , They … ( S nhiều ) + Vo
He , She , It ( S ít ) + V-s/es
- Phủ định : I , We , You , They + don't + Vo
He , She , It … + doesn't + Vo
- Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They + Vo … ?
Does + He , She , It … + Vo … ?
b. Usage (Cách dùng ) :
- Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex : - The Earth goes round the sun .
- He is a doctor.
- Tom comes from England.
- Diễn tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại ( always, often, usually,
sometimes, now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every ) dùng để nhận biết.
Ex : - He often goes to class late . / My mother gets up early every morning .
- Diễn tả 1 h/đ tương lai đã được sắp xếp, bố trí thực hiện trước thời điểm nói.
Note : a. Cách thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch
b. Cách phát âm –s/es
2 . The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V –ing
- Phủ định : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing
- Nghi vấn : Are / Is + S + V-ing …. ?
Ex: We are studying English now .
b. Usage ( Cách dùng) :
- Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói ( ở hiện tại)
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at
- Phủ định : S + did not Vo ….
- Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo … ?
b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ ( đôi khi biết rõ
thời gian ) thường có các từ đi kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night … ) , in 1990 ( thời
gian ở quá khứ )
5 . The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn )
a. Form : S + was / were + V - ing
Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday.
b. Usage :
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ .
Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
- Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành
động đang xảy ra ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào .
Ex: a. What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
b. We were watching television when he came
- Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ .
Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V .
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở
quá khứ (yesterday, last )
Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday.
6 . The Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hòan thành )
a. Form : S + had V
3
, ed
b. Usage : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước
1 thời điểm ở quá khứ .
Ex : When I got up this morning , my mother had already left .
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after
7 . The simple future : (Thì tương lai đơn )
a. Form : S + shall / will Vo
B. called- have
watched
C. called- was
watching
D. had called-
watched
4. By the time next summer you your studies
A. completes B. will complete C. are completing D. will have
completed
5. Right now, Jim the newspaper and Kathy dinner
A. reads- has cooked B. is reading- is
cooking
C. has read- was
cooking
D. read- will be
cooking
6. Last night at this time, they the same thing. She and he the
newspaper
A. are doing- is cooking- is reading B. were doing- was cooking-
was reading
C. was doing- has cooked- is reading D. had done- was cooking-
read
7. – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you. What’s taking you so long? – I …………… for an
important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me.
A. wait B. will wait C. am waiting D. have waited
8. – Robert is going to be famous someday. He ……………. in three movies already. – I’m
sure he’ll be a star.
A. has been
appearing
B. has appeared C. had appeared D. appeared
Eg: Someone was waiting at the door
7. One of + the + Adj. – EST + Ns
8. Every/ Each/ Either/ Neither + Ns/ No
E.g: - Every teacher and every student has their own work.
B.2. Plural verb.
1. Plural nouns or pronouns
2. The + Adj.
E.g: - The young are fond of pop music.
3. Collective nouns: police, army, troop, audience cattle, poultry
Eg: The police are investigating the crime.
B.3. Either singular or plural verb.
V (plural) (N1 ≠ N2)
1. N1 + AND + N2 +
V (sin.) ( N1 ≡ N2)
Eg: - My brother and sister live in Boston.
- My cousin and my adviser, Tom is coming tonight.
- Bread and egg is my favourite dish. (Bánh mỳ trứng là món tôi thích nhất)
together with
along with
2. N1 + as well as + N2 V (N1)
accompanied by
in addition to
E.g: - George, together with his friends, is buying a race horse.
- The director as well as his staff has to learn English.
- The students in addition to the teacher are all devoted to the research.
3. Either or,
Neither + N1 + nor V(N2)
Not only but also
Eg: - Either Thursday or Friday is ok.
- Neither my parents nor my brother has been to HCM city.
2. Every love.
A. man, woman and child needs
B. men, women and children needs
C. man, woman and child need
D. men, women and children need
3. One of the girls who in this office my niece
A. works / is B. works / are C. work / is D. work / are
4. Neither Lan nor her parents the film.
A. like B. likes C. is like D. are like
5. Each the same as the day before.
A. days was B. day was C. days were D. day were
6. More men than left handed.
A. woman are B. woman is C. women are D. women is
7. Every one of the students on time for class
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
8. There some money on the table.
A. are B. were C. have been D. is
9. This information about taxes helpful
A. were B. have been C. is D. are
10. The vegetables in the bowl on the table fresh.
A. looks B. smells C. are D. is
Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. The news about Mr Hogan (be) surprising.
2. Fifty minutes (be) the maximum length of the time allowed for the exam.
3. Many people in the world (not have) enough food to eat.
4. The poor (need) help from the community.
5. Listening to loud music at rock concerts (cause) hearing loss in some
teenagers these days.
6. There (be) a lot of sheep in the field.
7. Ten miles (be) too far to walk.
Eg:- I’m very glad to see you.
- I wanted the report to be typed at once.
- He seems to have been ill.
- This machine is said to have been tested.
2. Classification: 2 kinds: Infinitive with or without To
2.1. Bare infinitive : động từ nguyên mẫu không to
1. Sau modal verb ( động từ khiếm khuyết )
2. Sau auxilary verb : do, does, did.
3. Sau make, let, help ( sau help có thể có To); ở Passive voice → dùng to-Vo ( Trừ let)
4. Sau động từ chỉ giác quan:(verbs of perception ) : see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch,
notice …
Vo ( bare ) → hành động đã xong
S + V + object
Vo ( ing ) → hành động đang diễn ra
5. Sau: had better ( tốt hơn ); would rather ( thà thì hơn ), had sooner.
6. Sau thành ngữ :- to do nothing but + Vo ( bare ) : không làm gì cả mà chỉ.
- Can not but + Vo(bare): không còn cách nào khác.
7. Causative form (Thể sai khiến): S + have + object ( chỉ người ) + Vo (bare).
8. Câu mệnh lệnh: ( imprative ): Come in, please.
* Notes: Nếu 2 To-Vo nối bởi “and”, To của Vo2 thường lược bỏ.
2.2. To infinitive (To -Vo) động từ nguyên thể có To)
a. Usages:
1. Sau Ought/ used +To-Vo
2. Sau Need/ do/ dare(nếu là đ/t thường) - I do it to please you.
- He won’t dare to disobey his teacher.
3. Sau Be/ Have (có ý mệnh lệnh, bắt buộc) - We are to be at school at 6.00
- I have to do some washing.
4. Dùng trong các trường hợp khác.
b. Functions
b.1. Làm subject → V(sing) – To learn English is necessary.
10. consent : đồng ý, tán
thành
11. decide : quyết định
12. demand : yêu cầu
13. deserve : xứng đáng
14. expect : trông đợi
15. dare : dám
16. fail : thất bại
17. forget : quên ( tương
lai )
18. hesitate : ngập ngừng
19. hope : hy vọng
20. learn : học
21. manage : xoay xở
22. mean : muốn
23. need: cần (chủ động,
người )
24. offer : mời
25. plan : dự định, kế hoạch
26. prepare: chuẩn bị
27. pretend: giả vờ
28. promise: hứa
29. refuse: từ chối
30. regret: tiếc ( tương lai )
31. remember : nhớ (tương
lai )
32. seem : dường như
33. struggle: đấu tranh, cố
gắng
34. swear: thề
34. charge : giao nhiệm vụ
35. choose : lựa chọn
8. dare : dám
9. encourage: khuyến khích
10. expect : trông đợi
11. forbid : cấm
12. force : bắt buộc
13. hire : thuê, mướn
14. instruct : chỉ dẫn
23. require : yêu cầu
24. recommend : khuyên
25. teach : dạy
26. tell : bảo
27. urge : thúc giục, thuyết
phục
28. want : muốn
36. compel : cưỡng bách
37. defy : thách
38. desire : ao ước, thèm
thuồng
39. direct : hướng dẫn, chỉ
huy
40. implore : yêu cầu
41. provoke : xúi giục
c.3. Verb + WH- + To-Vo
Teach, explain, discover, think, believe + how/ Wh- + to Vo: Chỉ cách thức
know, understand, consider, decide
B. Gerund Or present participle. ( Danh động từ & Động tính từ hiện tại)
B.1 . Gerund
1. Form:
7. consider : xem xét
8. delay : trì hõan
9. dread : sợ
10. detest : ghét
11. discuss : thảo luận
12. dislike : không thích
18. forgive : tha thứ
19. fancy : tưởng tượng
20. imagine : tưởng tượng
21. involve : làm liên lụy
22. include : bao gồm
23. keep : tiếp tục
24. love : ( hoặc To inf)
25. like : thích
26. hate : ghét
27. mention : nhắc tới, nói
tới
28. mind : phiền hà, ngại
ngần
35. recommend : khuyên,
dặn dò.
36. regret : tiếc nuối ( quá
khứ )
37. remember : nhớ ( qúa
khứ )
38. resent : tức giận, phật ý.
39. resist : cưỡng lại, phản
kháng.
40. risk : liều lĩnh.
41. stop : ngừng, từ bỏ.
+ Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
+ Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động.
4. Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép
N → man – made
Adj + V ( PP – VoED/V3 ) → new – born
Adv → well – known
6. Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp → V(plural )
educated(adj)→ the educated:những người có giáo dục.
7. Thành lập causative form : thể truyền khuyến
S +have/get +object (chỉ vật)+ V ( PP – Vo ED/V
3
)
C. Present participle ( V-ing) hiện tại phân từ.
1. Thêm trợ từ Be + V-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense.
2. Làm tính từ → mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning )
→ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause )
→ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện .
→ một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn.
3. Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp :
Ex: to live → the living : những người đang sống.
4. Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound ).
N → peace – loving
Adj V-ing → good – loking
Adv → hard - working
D. V-ing or to - infinitive
1. Recommend, begin, start, continue + To inf /V– ing
2. Forget, remember, regret: +to inf → chỉ tương lai
+V– ing → chỉ quá khứ
3. Stop to infinitive → ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác.
2. Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift?
3. There are people who can’t help (laugh) when they see someone (slip)
on a banana skin.
4. I’d rather (earn) my living by (clean) the floor than (make)
money by (blackmail) people.
5. If you go on (let) the dog (run) after cars, he’ll end by (be) run
over.
6. Do you feel like (go) to a film or would you rather (stay) at home?
7. Try (avoid) (make) him angry.
8. Those shirts need (iron) but you needn’t (iron) them now.
9. When you see Tom, remember (give) him my regards.
10. It’s no use (advise) him. He never allows anybody (give) advice.
II. Choose the words or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. Her boss promised her a raise because she never minds the night shift.
A. offering/ work B. offered/ to work C. to offer/ working D. to offer/ worked
2. You were the last one the office. Did you see anyone the building?
A. leaving/ to enter B. to leave/ enter C. left/ entering D. leave/ entered
3. She pretended me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4. “ Good morning. Can I help you?”- “ I’d like to have this package , Madam”
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
5. “ What do you think of the book?” - “ Oh, excellent. It’s worth a second time.”
A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read
6. Do you know the boy under the big tree?
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
7. I don’t regret even if it might have upset her.
A. to tell her what I
thought
B. to have told her
that I thought
hợp với chủ ngữ của câu bị động (passive subject).
3. Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là các đại từ nhân xưng: I, we, you, they, he, she, one,
everyone, someone/body, people
thường được lược bỏ đi trong câu bị động.
4. Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody thì ở câu bị động by Obj
được lược bỏ và động từ của bị động chuyển sang thể phủ định.
Ex: No one helps me I am not helped.
5. - Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ thì ở câu bị động thay
by + Obj. bằng with + Obj.
Ex: Paint covered the clock The clock was covered with paint.
6. Đặt trạng từ chỉ cách thức (Adj. - ly) trước Past Participle (P2) nếu có.
Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used
7. Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (P2) nếu có.
8. Nếu trong câu có cả trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì chú ý trật từ các
thành phần như sau: Place + by Obj + Time
Ex: - Mr Pike built this school in my village last year.
→ This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year.
IV. VERB TENSES
1. Simple present and simple past
is/ am/ are
S + - P2 + by – Obj.
was/ were
2. Present and past continuous.
is/ am/ are
S + - Being - P2 + by – Obj.
was/ were
3. Present and Past Perfect.
have/ has
S + - Been - P2 + by – Obj.
had
→ Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness
→ Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng thì)
Ex 2 : People say that he was crazy.
→ Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy or
→ Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy.( to have been vì say và was khác thì) .
3. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste,
watch, notice, make, help, bid.
Ex: I hear him come in
→ He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì giữ nguyên trong câu bị động).
4. Imperative (câu mệnh lệnh):
Ex: a. Open the door → Let the door be opened.
b. They let him go out → He was allowed to go out / He was let go out.
5. Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope.
Ex: - He wants Peter to take photographs → He wants photographs to be taken by Peter.
- He does not like people laughing at him. → He does not like being laughed at.
6. Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine,
decide, demand, beg, urge, order, request.
Ex: He advised me to accept this job
→ Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted.
→ Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job.
7. Need + to be + P2 = Need + Ving
Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed
ironing.
8. It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + smt.
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise.
→ It is important for this exercise to be finished
- It is necessary to copy this lesson
→ It is necessary for this lesson to be copied.
- It is time to feed the chicken → It is time for the chicken to be fed.
3. You (should / open) ………………… the wine about three hours before you use it.
4. You (mustn’t / move) ………………………… this man; he is too ill. He (will / have to /
leave) ………………………… here.
5. You (must / take) ………………………… those books back to the library yesterday.
6. We tried, but the window (couldn’t/ open) ……………………………
7. You (must / keep) ………………………… meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil.
8. I (had better /wash) ……………… my clothes today, or they will be very smelly.
9. Someone (should / tell) ………………………… James the news immediately.
10. This application (be supposed to/ send) ………… to the personnel department soon.
Exercise 4: Choose the best option.
1. I shouldn’t …… so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning.
A. drink B. drank C. be drunk D. have drunk
2. After the test papers …… to the students in class tomorrow, the students …… their next
assignment.
A. will return – will be given
B. will be returned – are given
C. are returning – are giving
D. are returned – will be given
3. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to …… in half.
A. be divided B. divide C. have divided D. have been divided
4. The entire valley can …… from their mountain home.
A. see B. be seen C. being seen D. sees
5. A child should …… everything he or she wants.
A. gives B. give C. have been given D. be given
6. Many U.S. automobiles …… in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have
manufactured
C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
7. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle …… last night.
A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole
Công thức:
S + said/ told/ admitted/ replied (that) S + V ( one tense back)
+
Chúng ta thường thay đổi thì của động từ ( hiện tại > quá khứ > quá khứ hoàn thành)
đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, tạng từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm như sau:
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm.
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Now/ at present Then
Today That day
Ago Before
Tomorrow the next day/ the following day
Yesterday The previous day/ the day before
The day after tomorrow In two days’ time
The day before yesterday Two days before
Next week/ year The following week/ month/ year
Last week/ month/ year The week/ month / ear before
This That
These Those
Here There
Tonight That night
This/ these/ that/ those ( as adjectives) The
This/ these/ that/ those ( as pronoun) It, they, them
Chú ý: khi tường thuật một sự việc luôn đúng ở hiện tại, không cần thiết phải thay đổi thì
của động từ.
Ví dụ: “ The world is round” he said > he said that the world is round
2. Câu hỏi
A/ Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi
Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi được tường thuật bằng các động từ “ask, wonder or want to
2. “Don’t make so much noise, boys” the mother said > The mother
3. “Why didn’t you take the job?” asked my friend > My friend
4. “ Have you finished reading the book, Mike?” Alice asked > My friend
5. “ I am sorry I am late”, said Mr Thanh > Mr Thanh apologized
2/ Choose the best answer.
1. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it………………… raining there.
A. is B. should be C. to be D. was
2. The last time I saw Jonathan, he looked very relaxed. He explained that he'd been on
holiday
the…………. week.
A. earlier B. . previous C. next D. following
3. I wonder…………………. the tickets are on sale yet.
A. what B. when C. where D. whether
4. I told you…………………. switch off the computer, didn't I?
A. don't B. not C. not to D. to not
5. Someone……………… me there's been an accident on the motorway.
A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told
6. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy…………………… day.
A. that B. the C. then D. this
7. When he was at Oliver's flat yesterday, Martin asked if he………………… use the
phone.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
8. Judy going for a walk, but no one else wanted to.
A. admitted B. offered C. suggested D. promised
3/ Choose the answer - A, B, C, or D -that is nearest in meaning to the sentence printed
before.
1. 'You broke my glasses,' said the woman to me.
A. The woman insisted on breaking her glasses.
B. The woman advised me to break her glasses.
C. The woman told me to break her glasses.
D. Mrs. Jones reminded the children to have one piece of candy.
8. 'Would you mind if I brought a friend to the party?' said Peter.
A. Peter wanted me to bring my friend to his party.
B. Peter encouraged me to bring my friend to the party.
C. Peter asked for permission to bring his friend to the party.
D. Peter promised to bring a friend to the party.
9. 'Don't be so disappointed Jane. You can take the driving test again,' said Helen.
A. Helen told Jane not to be disappointed and take the driving test again.
B. Helen asked Jane not to be disappointed and offered her another driving test.
C. Helen warned Jane not to be disappointed' in order to take the driving test again.
D. Helen encouraged Jane to take the driving test again.
10.'Let's break for lunch,' said Mathew.
A. Mathew wanted to break for lunch.
B. Mathew insisted on breaking for lunch.
C. Mathew suggested breaking for lunch.
D. Mathew offered us a break for lunch.
VI. CONDITIONALS
A/ Lý thuyết
Câu điều kiện loại 1
Công thức
If + subject + simple present ( present
continuous/ perfect can also used
Subject + will + Verb
( other modal verbs like can, may,
should, can be used)
Mệnh đề if Mệnh đề chính
Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả những sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ : If it is nice tomorrow, I’ll come to see you.
Câu điều kiện loại 2
1. If the earth suddenly ______ (stop) spinning we all ______ (fly) off it.
2. If you ______ (smoke) in a non-smoking compartment the other passengers ______
(object).
3. If she ______ (not/ fail) one of her final exams she wouldn't have had to spend part of
the summer in college.
4. I’ll lend you War and Peace if I ____ (finish) it before you go on holiday.
5. If we ______ (work) all night we ______ (finish) in time; but we have no intention of
working all night.
2/ Choose the one word or phrase -a, b, c, or d- that best completes the sentences.
1. If the technology _______ available, we would be able to expand the business.
A. would become B. had become C. were become D. became
2. If the North Sea _______ in winter, you could walk from London to Oslo.
A. freeze B. froze C. should freeze D. should happen to
freeze
3. It would have been a much more serious accident _____ fast at the time.
A. was she driving B. If she had been
driving
C. she had driven D. if she drove
4. I'll give you a lift if it _______.
A. rains B. rained C. will rain D. had rained
5.They couldn't decide _______ it was worth re-sitting the exam or not .
A. if B. whether C. if or not D. whether not
6. _______ how difficult the job was, I mightn't have taken it.
A. If I know B. If I would know C. Did I know D. If I had known
7.If____ in my seventies and rather unfit, I might consider taking up squash.
A. not were B. is not C. were not D. had not been
8. If I________ apologise, he ___________ forgive me.
A. don’t/ won’t B. won’t/ doesn’t C. didn’t/ wouldn’t D. wouldn’t/ didn’t
9. John said that if he __________ in my position, he ____________ for the job
clauses
Dạng và cấu
trúc
Không có dấu phẩy chia tách
danh từ/ đại từ với mệnh đề
Có dấu phẩy chia tách danh từ/ đại từ
với mệnh đề
Chức năng
năng
Miêu tả/ xác định cho danh từ/
đại từ phía trước
Bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh
từ/đại từ phía trước
Đặc điểm khác Đại từ quan hệ tân ngữ có thể
được lược bỏ
Đại từ quan hệ tân ngữ không thể được
lược bỏ
Các từ chỉ
quan hệ
Who, that, which
Who(m), that, which
Whose, of which
When, where, why
Who, which
Who(m), which
Whose, of which
When, w here
2. Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
* Cuối M ĐQH: dùng được với tất cả ĐTQH ( that, whom, who, which) đồng thời cũng có
thể bỏ ĐTQH.
+ After a superlative adjective.
B. Bài tập vận dụng
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using relative pronouns.
1. We talk about the party. Sarah wants to organise the party for my birthday.
We talk about the party which/ that/ Ø Sarah wants to organise for my birthday.
2. To get to Frank's house, take the main road. It bypasses the village.
To get to Frank's house, take the main road which/ that bypasses the village.
3. Mr. Flowers has the paintings in his house. They are worth around £100,000.
The paintings which/ that/ Ø Mr Flowers has in his house are worth around £100,000.
4. Mrs. Richmond is 42. He has three children.
Mrs Richmond, who is 42, has three children.
5. Don is a friend. I stayed with him in Australia.
Don is a friend who(m)/ that/ Ø I stayed with in Australia
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.
1. Post office is a place ______ you can buy stamps, mail letters and packages, and receive
mail.
A. that B. which C. where D. in which
2. Do you know the date ______ we have to hand in the essay?
A. which B. in which C. on that D. when
3. My uncle ______ you met yesterday is a lawyer.
A. which B. who C. whose D. to whom
4. The council is in discussion with Lord Thomas, ____ land most of the village is built on.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
5. These adults, ______ come to my night class, are very eager to learn.
A. whose B. who C. that D. when
Exercise 3: Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting.
1. Now that I no longer have to wear uniform, I'll be able to wear which I want
A B C D
2. Ripe fruit is often stored in a place who contains much carbon dioxide
A B C
The least adj./adv.
Double
comparison
Short adj./ adv.
Adj./adv + er
adj./adv. +er
Long adj./adv.
more and more adj./adv.
less and less adj./adv.
The +clause + The + Clause.
B. Bài tập vận dụng
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences in the way they have the same meaning
with the original.
1. Driving a car is more difficult than a motorbike.
2. Going to the theatre is more expensive than going to the cinema.
3. You don’t work as hard as your brother.
4. English people drink more tea than American people.
5. The journey was longer than I expected.
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer.
1. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that _______ it is at night, _______ he plays
his music!
A. the less / the more loud B. the less / less
C. the more late / the more loudlier D. the later / the louder
2. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become _______.
A. more and more good B. better and better
C. the more and more good D. gooder and gooder
3. The Sears Tower is _______ building in Chicago.
A. taller B. the more tall C. the tallest D. taller and taller
4. Petrol is _______ it used to.
A. twice as expensive as B. twice expensive more than
as
while/ whereas
until
till
as soon as
before
after
once
the moment
by the time
since
whenever
as long as
Hardly ….when
Scarely…when
No sooner…than
everytime
Clause 2
H.tại/HTHT
H.tại
QK
H.tại tiếp diễn
QK
QK/ QKTD
QKHT
QK
QK
2.Adv clause of cause
Clause 1 because/ since/ as
seeing that/ now that
…so +adj/ adv. + that + clause 2
…such + N + that + clause 2.
…so many + N (đếm được) + that + clause 2
…so much + N (không đếm được) + that + clause 2
Lưu ý: Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là các động từu chỉ tri giác như “look,
appear, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound…”, ta dùng công thức như “be+so…”
Eg. The little girl looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for her.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
7.Adv clause of comparison
Clause 1 as
as…as
more…than
Clause 2
8. Adv clause of manner
Clause 1 as if
as though
Clause 2
It isn’t as if + clause 2
(đâu phải) (V lùi 1 thì→không thật)
B. Bài tập vận dụng
Exercise1 : Use a clause of purpose to combine each pair of sentences below.
1. My father drove carefully. He didn’t want to cause accident.
→My father drove carefully so that he wouldn’t cause accident.
2. Please shut the door . I don’t want the dog to go out of the house.
→Please shut the door so that the dog won’t go out of the house.
3. She needs job. She wants to support her old parents.
→She needs a job so that she will support her old parents.
4. The boy stood on the benches. He wanted to get a better view.
→The boy stood on the benches so that he could get a better view.
5. I whispered. I didn’t want to disturb anyone.
- A được dùng trong các cụm từ chỉ số lượng hoặc khối lượng: a lot of, a great deal
of, a great many, a few, a little, a dozen…
- A/ An được dùng trong một số ngữ cố định: It’s/ What’s a pity, as a rule, as a
result, tobe in a hurry, have a headache…
- Một số trường hợp lưu ý:
Dùng a trong: a European /¸juərə´pi:ən/, a one-way/´wʌn¸wei/ street, a
university/¸ju:ni´və:siti/…
Dùng an trong: an MP/ em’pi/ , an honest /'ɔnist/ man, an UFO/'ju:fou/…
2. Definite articles (mạo từ xác định): The
- The được dùng cho tất cả danh từ: danh từ đếm được số ít, danh từ đếm được số
nhiểu, danh từ không đếm được: the boy, the apples, the food…
- Dùng the trước danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật đã xác định hoặc đã được đề cập đến
trước đó – người nghe biết (hoặc có thể hiểu) người nói đang nói về người hoặc vật
nào.
E.g: Did you lock the car? (= your car/our car)
- The được dùng để chỉ vật gì đó là duy nhất, hoặc vật gì đó chỉ có một trong môi
trường xung quanh: the sun, the moon, the sky, the world, the capital…
- The dùng trước danh từ không đếm được hoặc đếm được số nhiều dùng để nói về
người hoặc vật cụ thể.
E.g: Cars have wheel. (= all cars) >< The cars in this car park belong to people
working here.
- The được dùng trước các danh từ được xác định bằng một cụm từ hoặc một mệnh đề
theo sau
E.g: Who is the girl in blue?
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