Tổng quan
về các khu
bảo tồn
thiên nhiên
MỤC LỤC
Tổng quan về các khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên 1
MỤC LỤC 2
Lời nói đầu
 !"#
$%&' ()*+,-,) (./012 (*&&,-&
, (34$035678 9$"6 :; (<=>
=>"? 6&$  5 @A62B.C
"?>$DE #>FGHI$J >$
K ?51LEL./#=$MHI4 >
G4$N$6HIE;$O ;#=$"HI
"?L!7 =>$ ?MK$J3(PI$QIR
ST7N$ LI U9 9$LV7
V;$IH ($HS(7RK$7VM U
=W =W4$HN$ ?=I"#@%I> 9$
 !NI
PITK$>C$I$=JMVI
 9$ !NI U"T :3=W7XI<M3#$
=>Y$=V:8V<$$=>XIT9
ZO@VI U $ =W6[<T$ZO@
VI"#@ $ \LI=>$3?
V5:$XIO?1LJ LTV$#[] L
^Tổng quan về các khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên tại Việt Nam_
Nội dung của tiểu luận bao gồm:
&3$)I[V G.PP
3! ?I$MVI.PP
`<9Z<"R

1.3. Mục đích của các khu bảo tồn thiên nhiên
fVI.PP =W[<T$ZO@>VO 7Ih
k$8I]p
k.#VK$$Up
k.#7 9$$\p
kqIT5VWL4=C$;p
k.#V#XI !"LDVp
klrO$I$#p
kcVOp
klrO$WZV$IT;V7Vp
kqIT5V"?I=$DVITLR$
GI"#@N$I =W"#$$!o
V9 ($$8I] 9XI/4=C$fV
I"#@TZsZ$5$NVXI%?MVY$=
VXIV5M7V4$!"tI9
II. ĐẶC ĐIỂM CHUNG CỦA CÁC KHU BẢO TỒN
aR$I.PPJ' ! ?7Ih
uP 9<"j$
uP %T M
uP$/6":7I$
uPJXIV
uaIXI#I7IJ4$"j$$ZW
2.1. Tính đại diện, toàn diện và cân bằng
N$ !T =WVZO$ !" R> 9$7]M
(=>9VJZh$I@$\7#*7V0Y$VZ
O$ R>V$VV=#XIDVfVI.PP9
=C$4$ =W]D8V$VL 9$7](
VR$VI.PP =WHZ(V 1v\;$
=C$WZ5HTLI=>%6V$8I[V V?I
7# 9$7]>O 7VXIT99VI

.PPV9 ($"#@S($N$O MZ<
9$XI#bVI.PPMdefA zT[<T$R$VI
.PPOIXI#bJ9j$9 ($XI#bZ#J
XIV>N$OIT
2.5. Hiệu quả, hiệu suất và công bằng
HZXI#bR$I.PP% #"#7<"j$
$NZW74$"j$$Z<":ZW$NV
"XI$ A]$ #"#WM($ @$<= 
Z=1$ @$"<($=CaI7IJ?7R=W$R?I
VI.PP% ? #"#O "#@MR$XIR$
PHZXI#bVI.PPZ# =W(99 ($
6k[U(GI.PP =WHZjO  \9(7RW
[U(7$Z"#@qHT9 ($MVI
.PPZ#"# #IXI#=1$[8$>Z"F =WXI#b
7VV ($W =WZ<":7v4$"j$>V($
@$V"XI
III. PHÂN LOẠI VÀ PHÂN BỐ CÁC KHU BẢO TỒN THIÊN NHIÊN
3.1. Phân loại các khu bảo tồn:
kP\xIH39$7]+MI"#@"
$@V95h
 |=CXIR$p
 |GINp
 |GI"#@k7#p
 |GI"##XIp
kaR$Z<9$I.PPXIR6Mdef =W4$"R
D&17HZHaR$Z<9$aR$Z<9$&
J#iZ<9$DZ<9$ %IMT6IVZ<9$*dk
0MR$Z<9$&2+`<9$dHZWZVb=$MV
Z<9$ddddddMR$Z<9$&2+h
uGIN$$!}GI"#$U*lI\

GI`$-Gv.$I~€Sl€~ I„I<PIm*o
30I.%IlJII(=CXIR$fVP
Bảng: Danh sách các khu bảo tồn quốc gia của Việt Nam (tính đến tháng 12
năm 2002)
TT Tên gọi Vị trí Năm công bố
Diện tích
(ha)
I. Vườn quốc gia 851,361
& a$xkl` xf  +'
 ..? ./G9 & 2i&
 .VPrx$ QI#$ & &'2+
 „I<l1 `AP]  &'+
' P3#|
)`APV$IT
PITQI$
&i i++
i .5| aP<T && i2+i
2 fV.| a#`E$ && &'
+ fA`=1$|
.5PaVa
.5
&++ 
 „I<PIm 3  2i+
& .6•| PaV & &ii
&& `KSV $€ & &&&
& YQI$ aP) & '''
&
`$Gv
.$
QI#$.5 & +i

'i2
i `fEka$G a.5 &}fPk&+i 2&
2 P=W$P6 a.5 &}fPk&+i 2+
+ ./S ac$ & 2+
 qIc5 ac$ & 
& `$QI$ ac$ &}fPk&+i &+2
&& P<Tf4x) ac$ &' 
& ffI PITQI$ & '+&+2
& A`ƒ/ f.j$ &}fPk&+i &
& PK$GV f.j$ &}fPk&+i 
&' Gam ./G9 &2 &+'''
&i aNIx x9$l1 & &i
&2 G\~{ ./c$ &' 'i2'
&+ P<TwPr ./c$  &iii
& G†P=W$ QI#$ & &2i
 wPr QI#$ &' 
& aES PaV &}fPk&+i '
 `KaI PaV '+
 `KxI4$ PaV &2ii
 „I<x PaV & i&
' `Ka9 $€ & i2
i `KaIR$ $€ &' '2'
2 Gvc{ aP) &' +&
+ 34$ QI#$P  'i
 `$3L P;PkaI6  &'+
 fKxf QI#$ & &''
& l4$P QI#$ & 
 .kAfA 3‡$ & +++
 .V #l1P 3‡$ & 2
 G4$P `Aw & 

+
~;$4A
fA
PIH & &i22'
 l<.9xI .9xI &2 &2
& xI$$]a$ f%P1  i
&& 3JSYk.U.@ fSI & i&
& @q1 fSI 
III. Khu di tích Văn
hoá- Lịch sử- Môi
trường
Tổng cộng 187,668
& S=C$`D$ xf<I &' &
 3#@74$3 a.5 &}fPk&+i 
 G.5 PITQI$ & &2
 P<P PITQI$ & ii
' `/. f.j$ &}PP$k&22 2+
i fV #PV. w.V &}fPk&+i '
2 ŠfxD$ x9$l1 &}fPk&+2 &
+
a$`=W$
a$
PV$IT
&&}Q3ak
.ak&&
i
 a@AfR PV$IT &}fPk&+i i
& a@fJl1 ./c$ &}fPk&+i &'
&& wP6 ./c$ & &++
& .UfVT QI#$ &}fPk&+i 'i

2 aEf4$ Gc$ &}fPk&+i '
Nguồn: Cục Kiểm lâm, tháng 12 năm 2002
Rừng đặc dụng
' =CXIR$ +'&i&
i GI"#@ &'&&i
2 GIDVkx7rkS4=C$ &+2ii+
& ~;$ !O$ &'
`%DXIR$ 2B
Đất ngập nước (Ramsar)
TT. Tên gọi Vị trí Diện tích Năm thành lập
& „I<PIm 3PV
.5
& &'
cAhGIT"$@#$I"#@„I<
PIm*Z%j$ITcPImo30GI J$HZ=>
~7jITPLa#*oPV.50ITc
PIm*o30qI <TŒ;$•\"~7
*•••7$}ZŽ\7•\0
Các khu bảo tồn biển
GI"#@"?aESI*oGVa0I"#@"? ?^5
t_"/ %I9 ($;V$iD&GI"#@"?aESI
&'P 6D& U'I"#@"?h
P$fKxf`AQIRf@fFAfAP\QIT9R$
I"#@"? 6D&'7•HZR$$@&iG.P.
Di sản thế giới
TT. Tên gọi Vị trí Diện tích Năm công nhận
& a9x$ QI#$  &
 `R:a(€ QI#$ kk &
 fOaI6 P;PkaI6 kk &
 PV S‘l1 QI#$ kk &

ZV?GP„a>"##4=C$P$Z=1$=>$
OM69ZV?GP„aC†&k'J9 6
VVj4ZO.SPp[<T$VQcVG.PPZM
[ JR$ @]"#@ 9$7]"#@$I@$\[<T
$V17.SP
HZXI#bVI"#@ ($ =W[V
$Kế hoạch hành động đa dạng sinh học (BAP)D&'3V$V
69 ($ 9$7] =W6 6D
&+JTj$ UN$6"( V$?$V"
ZVZ U L[IJf%Z#[V VJ L=I ?D$=C$
Kế hoạch hành động đa dạng sinh học?#[<T$6=W:$?
R$VI"#@XIR$oR$Z<9VI"#
@“VVI"#@\"?"?79#V
69XI#bVI"#@>[<T$Z1$ZVZIHV
V6ZH ?XI#bVK$ 
4.1.2. Cơ cấu quản lý tài nguyên thiên nhiên
‚ J I(7NI<=>XI#baT
=>6$XITL7rO$ JV:84$ 5V
<7rO$: <I*=>=C$$]^7: F_0cJT[VH
XITL7rO$ J$V<IJ$E$D R>7#[IJ4$
$Z'D R> J<$ZQIV5$ JJ$ J
<$Z6?H
3R> J<$ZIH"#ZV?;$*&&0Z< J;$
9;$ ?XI#bh;$7#[IJ;$ZE$(;$ !O$
`%> J;$7#[IJV<=C$XIRXI#bD&2
ZM UJV9 ($V${MZJ>V<=C$XIR
* $r;$0J9IT? :;7#[IJ7$"#
;$
L!;$ZE$(;$ !O$V"XI#b
?7VP$Z%>=C$WZV"(MV"XI#bV1

H(K$Y$I<\Z=1$8T=CXIR
$?K$A =WI"#@XIR$IN$=C
7XIT?==C$WZ=CXIR$fVP
.(P$ITS4=C$*P:$O4=C$0IVL
VK$ J$HZ=>-VI~7VI J$HZ=> L[IJV
I"#@$=C7XIT?fVI7#6$>e•lfƒj
=>XITLXI#bM.(D4$VoXI
.#$hfV9IV =W"#
Tên gọi
Số lượng (đến
12/2002)
Tương đương với PL
của IUCN
GI J$HZ=>
*~70
& k
GI7#6$>  k
GIN$=C
7XIT?
 k
4.2.1. Các khu bảo tồn- rừng đặc dụng
`%>VI"#@;$ !O$"$@MT6IV
I;$ JL(7RI J$HZ=>"?
$I@$RMR$;$ !O$"/ %I;D&ifM
a@fSl/7R&+}xfPh^xIH:8a( @$fZM=>
q<Mf($_l/T"$@# L[IJHZP:$
Ox<$ZD&i\ L$MP:$Ox<$ZfZM
UXIT6 HZ;$JfA`=1$*T=CXIR$fA
`=1$0I"#@ %IM
lIR$J J=>D&2'P:$Ox<$Z UA

5 ?4$XI6=WT4$N$6"( V$?
4.2.3. Các khu bảo tồn biển
aT=I$?6TZVZbVI"#@"?
PIT UV7V$6{W[<T$I$ZVZbT
GI"#@"?5taESI*I(oGVa0"/ %I9 ($
;D&?=(45L:8?6I"#@
"?
.(P$ITS4=C$.(PIm7# U] L[IJ
7V&'I"#@"?6 ? R$VI"#@"?
XIR$
4.2.4. Các khu di sản thế giới
SOIMf4$=>L"#V7#DV6
$>*f4$=>7#6$>0 ?"#@VI7#DV
1XIIH Mf4$=>kem"7#6$>]
f4$=>em"7#6$> #"#V$V:6$6$>
MVI$7V W"#@?<9 #"#V
I  =WVXIR$WZV!• ?"#
QIR( UZIzf4$>TT"RI
7#6$>a9x$:WZV4$5aI6ZR:a(
€V S‘l1 U We•lfƒ4$HaTa9x$
7#6$>ITJM$ $
L[IJem"7#6$>4$HCXIR$`$kGv.$
7#6$>
4.2.5. Các khu dự trữ sinh quyển
f=1$5$=C7XIT?Me•lfƒ U4$H
2IN7XIT?6$>SOIMVIN7
XIT?6WZ"#@ 9$7]>7rO$"LN$$IT
$=CfVIN$=C7XIT? W=hVZE$
$7R$ ??$5tVXI#b:$WZ J=>
9$7]

I"#@ 9 J$HZ=>LPI$
S49VTZO !NIM4$ 9
$R$9!o 9(7RI"#@
4.3.2. Quản lý vùng đệm
P59$XI#bK$  U WfOG?<def
V$VD&

G6XI#JTO M4$VXI#bK$ 
E“$VXI#bK$ MV:8E"Œ(
@$sH 4V$=WI
fV"XI#bVI"#@oXITLXI#b$Z9V
I EK$ I(XITLXI#bMXITL Z1$$ 
e.qITT[U<C$XIRV7OXI
3LITŒ 67Œ(4$// 4@$s$XI#
b$NV1XIVI
3LI+QIT6 +}&}Q3kPP$(">XI]$$
“O M4$VXI#bK$ MVCXIR$V
INP$ XIT HZK$ jO
{W4$V"#@XI#b"#;$ !O$5HTIT
MK$ 4$ WMI;$ !O$k
=$V %I=[<T$ZV?K$  W4$XIK$>
V %I=MI;$ !O$VM %I VK$ V
ZRWZ>VJZXITLXI "K$ 
!">"XI#b;$ !O$
4.3.3. Phân loại các khu bảo tồn và quản lý hành chính
VI"#@ W4$HT%I6VI
;$ !O$`<9:8XI#bVI;$ !O$ =WXIT
$QIT6 +}&}Q3kPP$P\ VI"#@M
 WZ<9"$@=CXIR$I"#@
I;$"##XITI;$DVk7rk4=C$

LII;$ !O$`%>VW %IVV>V
IO?$<7VMVVTC$ WK$N$(
I$$<7VXIR$4$#D$ VZ8$
 L8 (JZR7V" V$?$NV;$ !O$J
$NVoVIfVo$‹1LII"#@1=C$
#D$ %I=XI#b;$ !O$17>Vo$IL
6$I@I9{@3?5(7Ro$‹>"R
!LI1I;$ !O$jZ9Mo=$$I@
ZO T99‰Z
4.3.5. Quy hoạch tổng hợp
f(7R7V$6 ?6WZR1VI"#@XIV5XIT
9M Z=1$IN$R$/$TZKWZ>7XI<
$T$D$%I R>VI"#@ =W(Z%#
XI[U(7]($1
GIN7XIT?(9I"#>ZsZ($
Z9#L#XI6k[U(j VZ8$OI6WZ"#
@ZV? UIN$=C7XIT?(7R
I> $ =W L[IJHZ
6VI"#@VI"#@XIR$Y$
E(V86I(7V =WXI#b\VIT6
6WZT5F5V=>I$ =C$"$> LIW
f 6TVR$/$" %IL"#@XIR$34$”>
9 =WN$6XI#R
Một số ưu tiên quản lý bảo vệ các khu BTTN:
k„<T$XIT5 LI$V7V 9$7]VI"#@p
k.#@$9h„<T$=CHK$pXIT9VI
;$$R$<T"# p
kQI#b"LN$ 9$7]h„<T$45($ @$XI#
bI.PPpZV?"LN$K$ $7V=C;$p[<T
$69XI#bI7VVI"#@p