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PREFACE
1. Reasons to choose the topic
Vietnam and Laos are close neighbors on the Indo-China peninsula; the two
countries have a tradition of creative diligence, had a close relationship since long.
Over the long time of struggle, hardship, the two peoples have always united to stand
together in the struggle for independence, freedom, development and national
defense. The faithful and pure relationship, went all the way through the glorious
history and became an invaluable property of the two nations and the two peoples.
Moreover, it is a vivid expression of the clever combination genuine patriotism with
proletarian internationalism.
The relationship was more clearly expressed among the bordering provinces, each
joint fight back hard against the conspiracy of invaders, to exist and develop. Ha Tinh
province and province Bolykhamxay, Khammuon are the three provinces
geographically close, and leaned back against the Truong Son range and there are
similarities in history, culture, traditions, economic and social conditions. This is the
objective and sustainable foundation of the friendship between the people of the
three provinces in the building and defending for the countries. Such sentiments are
showed vividly in the history of nearly a century of protracted struggle against
invaders and the building of the countries of people in Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon provinces.
Currently, in the context of both Vietnam and Laos continue to implement the
foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, cooperation and development, multi
cultural and diversified foreign relations; active and proactive international economic
integration; particularly the implementation of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation,
the contents of strategical cooperation Vietnam - Laos is go into depth, the task of
building relations of friendship and comprehensive cooperation between the three
provinces as be actively promoted and enhanced. Therefore, the study of the process
of leadership in building relationship Bolykhamxay and Khammuon provinces of Ha
Tinh Party from the day of re-establishment till now, helps review and assess the
achievements, specify the limitations, defects, thereby draw on the experience of

and Khammuon Bolykhamxay in the period from 1991 to 2010;
- Systematize the events objectively and systematically the whole process
leaders building relations of friendship and cooperation with Bolykhamxay Khammuon
province of Ha Tinh Provincial Party during the period from 1991 to 2010;
- Draw some major experiences in the process management implementation tasks
of building friendly relations and cooperation among three provinces.
3. The subjects and scope of research.
3.1 The research subjects:
Thesis researched on the planning process, policy and leadership organization in
performing tasks to strengthen friendly relations and comprehensive cooperation with
provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha Tinh Provincial Party period 1991-2010.
3.2 Scope of the study:
In regarding of the content: the research thesis focused on the process of the
leadership of relationship building special friendship and comprehensive cooperation
with Bolykhamxay and Khammuon province of Ha Tinh Provincial Party from 1991 to
2010, on the field of politics, economics, culture, education, health, science and
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technology, national security, border affairs, charity activities, people friendly
exchanges.
About the space: the activities of friendly relations and cooperation particularly
comprehensive on three provinces: Ha Tinh province and province Bolykhamxay
Khammuon.
Regarding the time: the thesis put the research on the process of the leadership
to build friendly relations with Provincial Bolykhamxay cooperation, Khammuon of Ha
Tinh Provincial Party between 1991 and 2010.
4. Thesis rationale and research methods
The dissertation is done on the basis of theoretical dialectic materialism and
historical materialism, the view of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh City and the
views of the Party policy guidelines on foreign relations in general, especially the
friendship and comprehensive cooperation with the Lao People's Democratic Republic

relations international. The friendly relations and comprehensive cooperation
Vietnam - Laos is a research topic is presented with special attention. There have
been many studies on this subject, notably the work on the following groups:
1.1 The research work relating to the Vietnam - Laos.
On the perspective of this research, there have been studies about worldwide
situation, regional, perspective, line and foreign policy of the Party and State over
the period, which mentions the relationship special friendship and comprehensive
cooperation between Vietnam - Laos; speeches and articles of researchers published
in newspapers and magazines; scientific conferences We can see that this works
much access important documents in both countries and focus on the following
general topics to reconstruct the history of relationships between the two countries
on each specific field, such as political, diplomatic, security, military, culture -
education, economics; research, clarify the rationale and practicality of the ruling
party building in the two countries; contribute to summarize, analyze and evaluate
the characteristics of the relationship "special relationship" and summarized the
lessons learned, and suggest issues apply to current and future
1.2 The scientific work refers to the Vietnam - Laos on a number of areas,
regions or specific local.
The works on this perspective have assembled a relatively complete source
monographs and valuable original documents, rich and reliable. The author presents
in some detail the issue of geographical conditions, historical traditions, and cultural
factors that impact the partnership; presented systematic cooperation in the fields of
politics, defense and security, economic, cultural and some other areas; draw some
preliminary comments on the advantages and difficulties, lessons learned, methods,
features and recommendations on mechanisms to implement good policies to expand
cooperation between localities of Vietnam some provinces of Laos. The results of the
research work has provided the basis for the authors is important in the process of
analyzing, evaluating and summarizing the ethos of partnership between Ha Tinh
province to province and Khammuon Bolykhamxay.
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refers to the results, and the limitations of current issues in collaborative proc ess
between the provinces. Party leaders issue construction process relationship of
cooperation between provinces that are not mentioned, or just yet extremely
generalized. This issue needs to be further researched, summarized in earnest,
comprehensive and deeper way.
Thus, from the overall situation can study shows that, so far, there have been
many studies concerning the relationship between Vietnam - Laos in general,
cooperation between the provinces and regions in Vietnam with the bordering
provinces of Laos in particular. However, the work does not have a study this issue
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from the perspective of the scientific approach to reconstruction Party History a full
and comprehensive process of Ha Tinh Provincial Party leaders to develop friendly
relations Bolykhamxay cooperation with provincial and Khammuon from 1991 to 2010.
3. Contents the thesis focused on:
With purpose and mission in place, the thesis focused on researching, clarifying
the following:
- Background history of the cooperative relationship among the province of Ha
Tinh province Bolykhamxay, Khammuon.
- Rationale and practice of policy formation of Ha Tinh Provincial Party in
building, developing partnerships with Bolykhamxay province, Ha Tinh Party
Khammuon of the period 1991-2010.
- Clarification of the factors affecting the process of cognitive development and
leadership building, developing collaborative relationships between provinces: Ha
Tinh, Bolykhamxay, Khammuon follow the course of history, the last two periods
(1991-2000 and 2001-2010).
- Serving up picture of the thorough process of the foreign policy of the Party in
the province of Ha Tinh to the specific points, difficulties and certain advantages, in
all fields of economic, political, socio-cultural, security and defense
- Identifying an objective successes, limitations, deficiencies in the policy making
process as well as in directing the implementation process of the Ha Tinh Provincial

Bolykhamxay Province is one of seven provinces of Central Laos, with an area of
1.59977 million hectares and a population of 422 300 people. Bolykhamxay provinces
adjacent to Vietnam in the east to the 165 km long border. Bolykhamxay province has
great potential for minerals like coal, iron, tin, gypsum, gemstones, copper, lead,
zinc, gold
Khammuon Province of Laos is a mountainous province, with a total area of
natural 16.315km2 population of 55 985 people; 9 districts. Khammuon Province and
other mountainous regions of Laos, midland hills and occupies 2/3 of the land area.
Province Khammuon there are many types of wood and rare forest products.
Although conditions on natural resources has many advantages, besides that, the
province Bolykhamxay, Khammuon are faced with many difficulties on the path of
development, especially low literacy levels, meet other people's lives difficulties,
mainly based on agriculture and forest products exploitation; poor transportation
system development with no rail, so the exchange between local traders in
collaboration with provincial and outside also encountered many difficulties.
Population factors and socio-cultural: Although there is little population
similarities but living so long under the same roof as the Truong Son range, the people
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from three provinces have long lived in harmony , the solidarity, mutual help in the
fight against foreign invaders, as well as build a career in home country. Stemming
from these similarities, much less influenced by the method living activities, the
residents of three bordering provinces grow closer to each other and inevitably
affected, in the interactions of the cultural life. It’s the strength of traditional
cultural factors mainly contributed to building special affection between the people
of the three provinces throughout history from ancient times to the present day.
Economic Characteristics: In the process of development, due to geographical
proximity and similarities in terms of natural, cultural and spiritual activities,
residents along the three border provinces have traditionally delivered store,
exchange and similarities in the early time. Due to the characteristics of natural
conditions and social advantage, and the potential difficulties and challenges for each

experts, provision of facilities and equipment necessary for production, the province's
life helped to solve the difficult time ahead.
However, at this stage, much of the content has been proposed cooperation but
lack of timely implementation, where they were at the lack of feasibility. Therefore,
in general, the cooperation between the three provinces brought low efficiency.
1.2. The policy and the process of building friendly relations and
cooperation with Bolykhamxay and Khammuon province of Ha Tinh
Provincial Party from 1991 to 2000.
1.2.1. Ha Tinh Provincial Party leaders to build relations of friendship and
cooperation with provinces Khammuon Bolykhamxay from 1991 to 1995
Shortly after the re-establishment (8/1991), the provincial Party Congress
Resolution XIII and thematic NQ Editor, Provincial Executive Committee have
reaffirmed their determination to continue to strengthen long-term cooperation
relations, the whole comprehensive and effective on all areas of economic, political,
socio-cultural, security, defense, friendly exchanges between people and the
provincial People's Party Bolykhamxay, Khammuon. The policy has shown that the
successor, the continuation of the achievements of the People's Party and former
Nghe static, medium of expression and determination of the Party and people of Ha
Tinh province continues cultivating relationships strong and faithful friendship with
the People's Party and the Lao tribal brothers, meet the requirements of revolutionary
tasks in the new situation.
In addition push up propaganda, the Party committees, governments, industries,
organizations from provincial to grassroots leaders have timely, direct and organize
the thorough implementation of the program, in collaboration with content Province
of Laos on the field. In the political field: Highlights of cooperation in the political
field between the three provinces as the maintenance of mutual visits of high -ranking
leaders of the three provinces. In addition to maintaining the official friendly visit and
carrying out high-level talks, three provinces have sent many missions of the industry,
the local working visit in order to grasp the situation, exchanged of the experiences
and signed agreements to cooperate content. In the field of economy and trade: The

cooperation with provinces Khammuon, Bolykhamxay continued to be promoted,
especially the continuing organization of summit meetings and signed a written
agreement cooperation in the field, organized the visits and works of the department,
the operational activities of the people.
In the field of agriculture - forestry, Ha Tinh province has instructed the
Department of Agriculture and related industries redirecting from a small investment
cooperation to supporting the neighboring countries combine strategic planning for
agricultural development planning of food production, food; investment in the
construction of small and medium irrigation projects, ensure food security associated
with the task of building a new countryside. In the construction sector: Focused on
maintenance tasks, upgrades, new construction road traffic system and the
construction of provincial roads connecting the two sides, the road system along the
border to serve people's needs and ensuring national defense and security. In the field
of commercial investment and tourism: Three provinces have increased investment in
construction, complete transportation system, expanding the commercial center, the
base formed many trade services, especially in two border checkpoints, on the road
No.8, along the border In the field of education - training: In addition to
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strengthening cooperation improve the quality of high school education, Ha Tinh
province are interested in helping train students in the neighboring provinces, which
do not have industry training conditions especially in economics, science and
technology. In the medical field, three provinces have strengthened cooperation in
various fields, particularly focusing on the construction of facilities for health care
facilities; professional training and professional; directly appointed expert guidance,
and exchange experiences, provide information to build a network of provincial
health facility; implementation of measures to prevent and combat the disease. In
the field of culture and sports: On big festivals, arts and culture groups three
provinces have organized regular visits and performances in the provinces, especially
provinces along the three border provinces. In the field of security, defense and
border affairs: The party has promoted comprehensive cooperation, focusing on

in political, economic, cultural and social. Revolutionary of science and technology
continue to evolve with increasing speed, accelerate the development of productive
forces, and accelerating the process of restructuring the world economy. Southeast
Asia, after decades of war, confrontation, there was peace but still some potential
destabilizing factor. In this context, the innovation of the country, the opening of
Vietnam and Laos is facing many opportunities but also many challenges.
2.1.2. The situation in the country
Entering the new millennium, with the victories won earlier in the construction
and national defense, and the great achievements of the crucial 15 years of
innovation have made the world and Vietnam's increasingly strengthened and
enhanced. Meeting of the Nineth National Party has said: "Implement consistently the
foreign policy line of independence, openness, multi cultural, diversification of
international relations. Vietnam is willing to be a friend and reliable partner of all
countries in the international community, striving for peace, independence and
development. "
The 10th Congress Party continues to affirm: "Implement consistently the foreign
policy line of independence, peace, cooperation and development; open foreign
policy, multilateralism and diversification of relations international. Proactive and
positive international economic integration, expanding international cooperation in
other fields. Vietnam is a friend, reliable partner of all countries in the international
community, actively participating in process of international cooperation and the
region. "
2.2. Ha Tinh Provincial Party leaders to develop the relations of
friendship and comprehensive cooperation with provinces
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon from 2001 to 2010.
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2.2.1. The policy of the Ha Tinh Provincial Party about continuing to
develop a special relationship between the provinces of Ha Tinh province
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon.
Party Congress in Ha Tinh Province XV declared: "Continue to strengthen good

Party, to promote friendly relations, special solidarity, the comprehensive
cooperation with Vietnam, especially in bordering provinces. "
For provinces Khammuon: Political Report of the Provincial Party Congress VII of
Khammuon term 2006 - 2010 confirmed : "Implementing policies to expand ties and
cooperation with foreign countries, on the basis of equality , mutually beneficial.
Strengthen relationships especially, comprehensive cooperation with Vietnam to take
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advantage of the strengths of the two parties for the development of each province ".
Political Report of the Provincial Party Congress VIII Khammuon on 19/08/2010 said:
"Continue to implement the foreign policy direction of the party, such as peace,
independence friendship and cooperation, strengthen ties of friendship and special
solidarity, traditional, comprehensive cooperation with Vietnam. Continue to build
the relationship and cooperation with neighboring countries, the expansion of foreign
affairs and international non-governmental organizations abroad ".
2.2.2. The process of developing friendly relations and cooperation with the
provinces Khammuon and Bolykhamxay of Ha Tinh Provincial Party Committee
(2001 - 2010)
Grasping the policy of the provincial Party Congress and the leadership, the
Provincial People's Council and Provincial People's Committees had concretized the
task requires cooperation with Laos in particular provinces and foreign -relating
missions on the new period in general to the plan of action programs, projects and
tasks of socio-economic development of annual, short-term and long-term, consistent
with the specific conditions in each stage.
On cooperation in the fields of politics, diplomacy: Since 2001 - 2010 the three
provincial leaders held dozens of official friendship visits to each other and dozens of
documents signed as cooperation agreements. This is the legal basis for the Party
committees, governments, industries, organizations, and social and economic
institutions of the province relating to the grounds for its functions and duties,
program development, implementation plan. In addition to maintaining the official
friendship visits to bilateral visits, the working periodically and irregularly by the

cooperation documents, encouraging all levels, sectors and localities to strengthen
exchanges to enhance mutual understanding, to exchange experience in the field of
management cultural activities, art shows, press releases, film, publishing, library
work, photography, model building cultural and artistic development professional
Ha Tinh Province has the neighboring provincial training center to help students in the
their provinces, where do not have industry training conditions, especially in
economics, science and technology; election of union officials and experts to visit,
study, exchange of experience in management, improve the quality of education at
all levels. Regarding health: Strengthening cooperation on the field, especially
focusing on the construction of facilities for health care; professional training;
directly appointed expert guidance, exchange of experience in building organizations
from the provincial health network to the basis; implementation of measures to
prevent and combat the disease: malaria, goiter, prevention of infectious diseases.
Science - technology field: Cooperation in science and technology between the three
provinces with adequate attention. Ha Tinh province continued to support the
implementation of projects: technology transfer project, the construction of water
treatment plants, biogas, solar power for two provinces; Transfer Project biotech
tissue culture plant cells produce varieties of bananas, sugar cane, just determined,
Paulownia; Technology transfer project firewood production in Laos raw coal; building
research project feasible measurement management system. In the field of security
and defense and border affairs: the most striking result in security and defense
cooperation between the three provinces in this period is to maintain political
security, social order and safety, smashed scheme the destruction of enemy forces. In
parallel with the mission to strengthen cooperation to effectively prevent the scheme
of the hostile forces, maintaining security and order in the province, three provinces
have increased cooperation to build border of peace and friendship .
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In the period 2001 - 2010, besides cooperation in the fields of politics, defense
and security has been identified as the basis and foundation, to cooperate in the field
of economic, commercial real sector is considerably focused, motiva tion for

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Khammuon was confirmed shortly after the re-establishment, inherit and promote the
achievements of people and Nghe Tinh Provincial Party in the past.
- The policy of strengthening cooperation with the Lao province of Ha Tinh
Provincial Party concretized in time and contributed to the ampleness, varieties of all
policies and guidelines and policies of the Party in the external affairs.
- The policy to continues to strengthen solidarity, friendship and comprehensive
cooperation with people and the Provincial Party of Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha
Tinh Provincial Party has implemented and developed continously in accordance with
mission requirements and specific conditions in the province.
- Ha Tinh Provincial Party has focused on concretization the policy and steering
the various levels and branches to perform the tasks of friendly relations and
cooperation with two provinces along the border
After grasping thoroughly the policy, foreign policy of the Party and the State in
accordance with the characteristics of local, Ha Tinh Party has gradually focused on
directing the government to institutionalize the views, the direction of strengthening
friendly relations with Bolykhamxay and Khammuon province. At the same time,
focusing to promote the power of the machinery of government in the
implementation of programs, plans and projects have been developed and adopted.
Especially when turning to period 2001 - 2010, a number of programs and projects
have a large capital investment, especially in industries, construction, transport,
science and technology are elaborately prepared and implemented initial provides
high efficiency, creating a significant change in sentiment to implement the central
economic work during the mission to strengthen cooperation between the three
provinces.
Beside, the working group, assisting teams at provincial and local departments
concerned is established, consolidated and come into operation effectively,
contributing to significant changes in advisory work, directing, organizing to
implement the collaborative content. The work of the advisory of committees,
departments and specialized agencies to help governments improve the effectiveness

changes, towards the thorough awareness of methods of Party leaders identified in
the platform for national construction in the transitional period to the Socialism.
Specifically, Party leads by the social platforms, strategies, and policy -oriented
undertakings; by propaganda, persuasion and mobilization, organization and test
exemplary actions of party members. Party introduced the elite members, who have
sufficient capacity and quality for operational leadership in the government agencies
and unions.
Entering the period 2001 - 2010, the friendly relations of cooperation among
three provinces had large changes, both in width and depth compared to the previous
period. During this period, besides cooperation in the fields of politics, defense and
security which had been identified as the basis and foundation, to cooperate in the
fields of economy, trade, which is seen as the focused areas , create incentives for
cooperation in other fields to develop to a new step. In cooperation of Ha Tinh with
provinces of Laos, it had shifted from subsidies, direct aid, to equal cooperation and
mutual benefit, more diversity, focusing on exploiting the potential advantages of
each other more . Some programs, major capital projects, attracting a workforce to
be implemented to bring high efficiency. Besides, cooperation in culture, education,
health, science and technology are properly concerned and obtained encouraging
results; social activities, exchanged people have been strengthened with the content
and forming rich, diverse, practical solidarity and foster the special friendship
between the Party and the people of the three provinces.
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In terms of leadership, compared with the previous period, the capture of
information, the study of the real situation, especially in terms of resources to ensure
implementation of the undertakings of the parties to cooperate received more
attention. The adequate attention to the political leaders to institutionalize
perspective, the direction of strengthening friendly relations with Bolykhamxay
province, Kham's Late Party, into programs, plans, specific projects, and focusing on
the power of the machinery of government in the implementation of programs, plans
and projects have been developed and adopted. Work to strengthen the organization

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coordination of the activities of the industries, unions and the political system from
provincial to grassroots in Ha Tinh province as well as neighboring provinces.
- Due to the similarities in natural conditions, economic, cultural traditions,
history, cooperation between Ha Tinh province and Bolikhamxay, Khammuon
provinces has some quite “ similar” points compared with the cooperation between a
number of provinces in North Central Vietnam and a number of provinces of the
country bordering Laos.
- Beside these similarities, the cooperation between Ha Tinh province and
Bolykhamxay, Khammuon provinces has special characteristics compared with
cooperation between a number of provinces in North Central provinces bordering Laos
such as:
On the border between Ha Tinh province and Bolikhamxay, Khammuon ther are
less common cases involving extensive invasion, invasive migration, marriage in
contravention of regulations between citizens of the two countries and a number of
issues relating to border security.
Vietnam government had planned construction orientation Vung Ang port with
integrated ports and specialized ports to serve industrial engineering, steel rolling
mills, ship building and repairing , petrochemical, and especially to help Laos "to the
sea". This project is important to the two countries' leaders and prioritized to focus
on directing, contributing to economic development in the North Central region,
goods in transit serving of Laos and economic development in East - West. The
implementation of this project will certainly create new momentum and contribute to
the improvement of the quality and efficiency of cooperation between Ha Tinh
province and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon provinces in the future.
3.1.4 : Some inadequacies, limitations
- The results of economic cooperation were potentially incommensurate with the
requirements and expectations of the Party and the people of the three provinces.
Although some content of cooperation has been agreed or signed but is slowly being
implemented, or not implemented. - The quality of human resources for the

3.2. Main experiences:
Through the study of the leadership process that built partne rships with
provinces Bolykhamxay, Khammuon of Ha Tinh Provincial Party since 1991 - 2010, we
can draw some experiences following key:
1. Strengthen the advocacy to raise awareness education for staff members and
the people of the special relationship between Vietnam - Laos and localities of the
two countries, including the provinces of Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon
2. Improve the capacity and efficiency of the operating state, the coordination
between sectors, mass organizations, social and economic institutions from provincial
to grassroots in the process of implementing the cooperation agreement
3. Pay attention to examine, understand situation, sum up the practical,
additional policy measures in each time period
4. Allocate the resources, especially capital to ensure the feasibility of the
content of cooperation in each period; focus on ensuring the sustainability of
programs and projects for investment
5. Pay attention to training, building capacity and professional team of officials
and experts in the field of foreign affairs; improve the quality of the performance of
the agency in charge of foreign affairs
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6. Strengthen the coordination and mutual support between the external political
activity and foreign economic relations, focusing on economic diplomacy
CONCLUSION
1. Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay, Khammuon are three provinces geographically close
and have similarities in history, culture, traditions, economic conditions - social.
Based on the special relationship between the two countries, the relations of
friendship and comprehensive cooperation between Ha Tinh and Bolykhamxay,
Khammuon have increasingly strengthened and constantly evolving. Such sentiments
were expressed in the vivid history of nearly a century of protracted struggle against
foreign invaders and of building the country of two peoples in general and people of
Ha Tinh - Bolykhamxay, Khammuon in particular. That is the foundation, the roots and

area is low efficiency, is not commensurate with the potential, development
requirements and expectations of the Party and people of the three provinces.
Friendly relations and cooperation among Ha Tinh, Bolykhamxay, Khammuon in
the period 2001 - 2010: content, cooperative approaches have strongly changed
compared to the previous decade: from cooperation mainly in political, national
security to comprehensive cooperation in all fields. Besides cooperation in the fields
of politics, defense and security has been identified as the basis and foundation, to
cooperate in the fields of economy, trade and actually see the areas of focus,
motivate cooperation in other fields to develop a new step. Cooperation in culture,
education, health, science and technology are properly concerned and obtained
encouraging results; social activities, people friendly exchanges have been
strengthened with the content and rich and diverse form. From the relationship
primarily supportive in one-direction, gradually moving into economic partnerships,
two-way link production and business equality, mutual benefit, operating under the
market mechanism, consistent integration with the trend and direction, the foreign
policy of the two parties and the State. In this phase, the friendly relations of
cooperation between the two provinces and Ha Tinh achieve comprehensive results on
the field and go into more depth.
4. During the process of implementing the program, content collaboration, but
also revealed many difficulties, limitations, due to various different subjective and
objective reasons, the results obtained in this phase has important contribution to the
successful implementation of political tasks, socio-economic, security and defense of
the Party and the people of the three provinces. Achievements and lessons learned in
the process of cooperation in this phase will provide the basis, the important
foundation and major source of encouragement to help the Party and the people of
the three provinces continue to strive won the greater achievements in the process of
cooperation in the future, contribute to foster solidarity special traditional friendship,
comprehensive cooperation between the two countries Vietnam - Laos.