HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS
PHAM THI THUY
EMPLOYMENT FOR FARMERS ON
LAND RECOVERY IN HANOI
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS
Major: Political Economy
Code: 62 31 01 01
HA NOI-2014
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INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale
Human resources have a great role in the sustainable development of
each country, nation. The issue of human resources is very seriously
considered by the Party and it is also the basic ideas throughout the
renovation period. Vietnamese people in the new era have made
significant changes, are really passionate and creative in labor, studying,
research , which is an important contribution in creating the new face of
the country.
However, those potentials must be promoted through the production
process; one of the specific expressions is employments and socio-
economic it creates. So , the documents of the Party’s IXth National
Congress emphasize "Job creation is the determining factor to promote
human factor, stabilize and develop the economy, strengthen the society,
meet the legitimate aspirations and urgent requirements of the people."
The general trend of the industrialization process of developing
countries associated with the process of restructuring the economic sector
towards reducing the proportion of agricultural workers, increasing the
proportion of industrial and services employments. Of which, the trend of
urbanization, development of industrial zones, the new economic and
cultural centers leads to a large number of laborers losing land for
production, losing jobs and switching to other ones. This situation is

+ Research experience of a number of localities in the country to
create jobs for farmers on land recovery and draw the lessons learnt for
Hanoi.
+ Analyze and assess the status of employment and job creation for
farmers on land recovery in Ha Noi, indicate the results achieved and
shortcomings, weakness in job creation for farmers on land recovery in
Hanoi in the recent years.
+ Propose perspective and job creation solutions to ensure long-term
stable life for farmers on land recovery in Hanoi.
3. Objects and scope of the research
3.1. Research Objects
The object of the thesis research is employments for farmers when
land is recovered in terms of political economy.
3.2. Scope of the Study
- The thesis mainly focuses on employments and job creation for
farmers on land recovery in Hanoi since 2005.
- Research and surveys location: The suburban districts of Hanoi,
especially the author conducted fieldwork in the districts of Quoc Oai, Tu
Liem, Ha Dong, Dan Phuong, Gia Lam and Ba Vi and showed the number
of agricultural labors who have lost their jobs, switched into another jobs
is very high and it’s unlikely to find new employments to guarantee their
income. So, unless this issue is solved, a lot of pressing social problems
will arise and affect the sustainable development goals of the city and the
country.
4. Rationale and Research Methods
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4.1. Rationale
The thesis applied the Marxism - Leninism viewpoint system and the
Vietnamese Communist Party’s polices on job creation for the people
whose land is recovered. In addition, the thesis also inherits and develops

and job creation in general and in Hanoi in particular.
6.2. Practical significance
The thesis can be used as a reference for research and teaching. The
directions and solutions proposed in the thesis may suggest the
management agencies the appropriate adjustments on job creation for the
people on land recovery in the locality today.
7. Structure of the thesis
Besides the introduction, conclusion, list of references and
appendices, the thesis consists of 4 chapters and 10 sections.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON EMPLOYMENTS FOR
FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY IN HANOI
1.1. RESEARCH SITUATION OF EMPLOYMENTS FOR
FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY
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1.1.1. Generalizing some overseas studies into employment
The author has studied the works by Karl Marx, JM Keynes, Harry
Toshima, EF . Schumacher and the models like classical Job Creation
Model: free competition in the market – flexible wage and full
employment; Job Creation theory by transferring employees between two
regions of the economy.
1.1.2. Some typical studies in the country into employment for
farmers on land recovery to build industrial parks and new urban
areas
The author studies related issues published in the works: books,
scientific research, theses and scientific papers.
1.2. GENERAL COMMENTS ON THE RESEARCH
SITUATION RELATED TO THE TOPIC ”EMPLOYMENTS FOR
FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY IN VIETNAM TODAY”
1.2.1. The issues ojob creation on land recovery in Vietnam have

2.1. GENERAL THEORY ON EMPLOYMENTS FOR
FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY
2.1.1 . The concepts of job
According to some experts in the field of labor in our country,
people have different notions on employment as follows: Employees are
people who work in the fields, professions that are usefully operating and
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not prohibited by law, providing income to feed themselves and their
families, and contributing to the society.
From the concepts, the author considers: employments are all legal
income generating activities under many different forms. Stable jobs are
the lawful income activities, commensurating with the labor spent and
stabilizing the lives of labor with safe workplace, social guarantee,
prospects for development of individuals and their families, equal
opportunities and treatment.
2.1.2. Employments of farmers and the impact of land recovery
on farmers’ employments
2.1.2.1. Farmers’ work and jobs for farmers on land recovery
According to the author, jobs for farmers on land recovery are the
economic activities that farmers after land recovery can access and use to
generate income for themselves and their families legally.
2.1.2.2. The positive impacts of land recovery on employments of
farmers
- Create more working opportunities for laborers
- Promote enhanced qualifications for employees.
- The positive impact on economic restructuring and thus on the
labor structure
2.1.2.3. The negative impacts of land recovery on employments of
farmers
- Land for agricultural cultivation is narrowed down creating

placement for farmers whose land is acquired.
+ Disseminating, mobilizing and helping farmers when losing their
land with actively seeking career and suitable new jobs
- The participants in job creation: employers, employees and the role
of the State.
+ Employers are the entire businesses both at home and abroad, with
the role of creating new and stable jobs for farmers who have been
working in the businesses.
+ Employees: Employees who want to have jobs must have good
health, be well-educated as well as the necessary skills to meet the
requirements of the jobs. Therefore, if workers want to have jobs, they
must constantly improve themselves in all aspects such as good health to
meet the job requirements and complete knowledge about specialized
skills.
+ The State has an important role in creating job. The role of the
State is reflected in the creation of a favorable environment for the
formation and development of jobs, creating a favorable environment for
employees as well as employers who promote their ability and issuing
policies related to employees and employers.
In addition, the social and political organizations also have an
important role in job creation for farmers after land recovery:
dissemination of the Party’s policies, laws of the State on land to farmers;
raise farmers’ awareness of the recovery of agricultural land for the benefit
of socio-economic development. In addition, such organizations as the
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Women's Union, Farmers' Association also contribute actively in
guiding career change, looking for new jobs, and increasing income for
farmers.
* Criteria for evaluating results of jobs creation for farmers on land
recovery

affairs, labor have contributed to attracting labor, creating jobs and
partly solving unemployment.
- The impact of domestic factors:
First, economic potentials, location and advantages of the local
Second, the ability to attract investments for economic development
and business production
Third, economic and labor restructuring
Fourth, the qualification of laborers
Fifth, the macroeconomic policies of the State.
Sixth, socio-economic development strategies of the local also have
impact on job creation for farmers after land recovery.
Seventh, the development of the labor market directly affects jobs of
employees.
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2.3. EXPERIENCE OF A LOCAL ON EMPLOYMENT FOR
FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY
2.3.1. The experience of Da Nang City
The City has applied the solutions to help create jobs for workers,
especially foreign workers affected by the urbanization process: loans for
running business from the Bank of Policy, national fund for job creation;
tax exemption or reduction for production and business; mobilize farmers
to farm; written regulations for businesses assigned with land in the
industrial parks in the area to be cleared to recruit the workers in the areas
affected by the urbanization process; associate with the Farmers Union of
the City to conduct investigations, surveys on the lives of households
whose land is recovered, relocated in the clearance area; classify
households’ labor resources for training plans and suitable job creation
2.3.2. The experience of Hai Duong province
Hai Duong has taken a number of basic measures to create jobs
through education - training, especially vocational training systems and

labor market development with emphasis on labor export to create jobs
for the people.
- Strengthen the relationship between businesses and workers for
the enterprises to issue priority policies to attract and use local labor
and landless laborers.
- Effectively use the funds from the National Fund for job creation.
These are the significant lessons learnt for Hanoi to study, apply
in a creative way to create job for farmers after land recovery in the
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next years, when the rate of urbanization and industrialization is
getting increasingly faster, more powerful in the process of economic
development of the country.
Chapter 3
EMPLOYMENT STATUS FOR FARMERS ON LAND
RECOVERY IN HANOI
3.1. OVERVIEW OF NATURAL, SOCIO- ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS RELATED TO EMPLOYMENTS AND JOB
CREATION FOR FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY
3.1.1. Natural conditions, geographical location of Hanoi
Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam with an important geopolitical
location and special advantages in comparison with other localities in the
country. In the region, Ha Noi is confirmed the center city with the model
of modern central urban system, major transport hubs, research centers,
financial services, trade, culture, tourism, and social infrastructure services
bearing the scope of the Southeast Asia. These factors closely connect Ha
Noi with the centers in the country and create favorable conditions to
thrive economic exchanges with the locals and foreign nations; get
involved in the process of international and regional labor division
together with the integration process of dynamic development of East Asia
– Pacific region.

technical expertise in rural areas remained high (83.7%). This reduced the
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adaptability, job seeking ability of people was low and the risk of
unemployment was very high.
3.2.2. Employment situation for farmers after land recovery in
Hanoi
The author has analyzed the situation of jobs for farmers after land
recovery in Hanoi: The shift of business production activities and
occupation of the employees; Attracting workforce from enterprises; The
effectiveness of training activities; The support from the Central
government and Hanoi to create employments; Operations of the job
service centers and labor export activities.
3.3. OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYMENT FOR
FARMERS ON LAND RECOVERY IN HANOI RECENTLY
3.3.1. The results of job creation for farmers on land recovery in
Hanoi
With much effort and various measures of the Party Committee, the
City government, local businesses and the workers themselves, in the
recent years Hanoi has created a lot of achievements in the field of job
creation for labor in general and for farmers in particular after the land
recovery. This fact shows:
- Hanoi has attracted a significant number of local employees to
work in the industrial parks and clusters
- The city has several policies, programs and projects in order to
create various favorable conditions and opportunities for farmers whose
land is acquired to find a new job
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- Vocational training activities in the City has gained certain
achievements contributing to help labor find jobs.
3.3.2. The limitations, weaknesses and cause of limitations in

4.1. FORECAST FOR LAND RECOVERY AND VIEWPOINTS
ON JOB CREATION FOR FARMERS IN HANOI ON
AGRICULTURAL LAND RECOVERY
4.1.1. Forecast of land recovery and employment needs of
farmers on the recovery of land in Hanoi by 2020
According to the land use planning of Hanoi by 2020, the land use
plan in the period 2010-2015, in the period from 2010 to 2015 the area of
agricultural land will decrease by 11.6 thousand hectares to switch to the
non-agricultural purposes, and will continue to decline 25,218.9 hectares
in 2020, reducing the area of agricultural land in Hanoi down to 151,779.9
hectares only. Thus, in the coming years, the agricultural land area in
Hanoi will decrease over 36,000 ha. Based on calculations of the Ministry
of Labour - Invalids and Social Welfare once each hectare of agricultural
land is revoked, 13 people will lose their jobs. This means in the coming
time in Hanoi approximately 468,000 farmers will lose their jobs due to
land recovery. This will greatly impact the balance of jobs supply -
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demand and create pressure for the city in job creation for the people
whose agricultural land is revoked.
4.1.2. The viewpoint of job creation for farmers on land
recovery in Ha Noi:
Firstly, ensuring stable, reasonable and sustainable job, incomes to
enhance and improve the lives of farmers after land recovery is an
important task in socio-economic development plan of the Capital City;
Secondly, the city creates favorable environment and implements
macro-control to ensure employments, income and livelihood for farmers
after land recovery;
Thirdly, must consider job, income and livelihoods guarantee for
farmers after land recovery the responsibility of the entire social-political
system, businesses and all people concerned; promote the autonomy of

find work
- To promote labor exports to create jobs
4.2.4. Solutions to improve the efficiency of the State’s
management in the settlement of employment for farmers on land
recovery
- Enhance capacity, leadership and management of the State for the
implementation of job creation targets.
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- Regularly evaluate the effectiveness of the socio- economic
assessment of social policies supporting job transformation, job creation
for farmers on land recovery to constantly improve those policies.
- Improve operational efficiency of planning and land use plan
4.2.5. Implement economic links to develop production and
attract labor
Economic links satisfy the three requirements of providing capital,
technology, and creating markets for smallholder farmers, thereby create
and maintain the ability to reproduce and expansion of the rural
households and reproductive contribution to businesses.
CONCLUSION
Based on the theoretical and practical issues on employments for
farmers on land recovery in Hanoi, the thesis has basically concluded the
followings:
1. Employments are all legal income generating activities under
many different forms. Stable jobs are the lawful income activities,
commensurating with the labor spent and stabilizing the lives of labor with
safe workplace, social guarantee, prospects for development of individuals
and their families, equal opportunities and treatment.
Jobs for farmers on land recovery are activities that farmers after
land recovery can access and use to create a legitimate source of income
for themselves and their families.

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employment diversity and job-site attention, especially in agriculture and
rural development; (5). Resolve key jobs for those with employment
needs; job creation measures need to be synchronous, and comprehensive.
5. To create jobs for farmers on agricultural land recovery, should
perform the following solutions synchronously: (1). Encourage the
development of diverse forms of business organizations to address job; (2).
Enhance qualification and activeness of farmers in searching for jobs; (3).
Development and expansion of the labor market; (4). Solutions to improve
the efficiency of the State’s management in the settlement of employment
for farmers on land recovery; (5). Implement economic links to develop
production and attract labor.