
VIN ĐO TO SAU ĐI HC
***
TIU LUN TRIT HC
Đ ti 01:
NHỮNG TƯ TƯNG TRIT HC PHT GIO,
NHỮNG GI TR, HN CH CỦA TRIT HC PHT
GIO




 !"#
$
%&'(

)*+,-
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC ./,0
MỤC LỤC
LỜI M ĐẦU
1
CHƯƠNG I: NHỮNG TƯ TƯNG TRIT HC CƠ BẢN CỦA PHT
GIO
2
12345

678
9
:;<=,0->:,0?
9
%@AB,CD+

\]^_

1. Duy vật biện chứng nhưng còn chất phác
12
O,`+,P@/,/,0;*,L@A;OFaP@/,-;b,S*

9c;0+TJFd;.e,0!T;;.+Y,;+,;b,UC:,0Fd;.J,0!T;;.+Y,>c;Ff;
9
Gg,0I,FNCTF
9
KT LUN
15
TI LIU THAM KHẢO
TI LIU THAM KHẢO
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC ./,09
 0@Ah,%@Ab,ic;eF;+,J/ij&;U,!killW
 @MmLnFi+,J/.+N;eFc;0+TJij&<X,0:,0
9 &o+p,</i.+N;eF!b,#I+F<X,0>qVnF`r.+N;eFi

G *F;+M,+B@LnFi=+c;LIAij&:,0+TJi
$ <X,0sX,inF`r.+N;eFij&*,;.nP@kF0+/illl
R +TJt+c;0+TJ+M;/iEFcA>Uc;!T!ij&:,0+TJi
$
W +M,;.+N;eFinF`rc;0+TJ+M;/ij&CJ/eFu?t+Ut+i
,pl[[
[ +N,`vwLxV/xui0@Ah,/,o,0LnFi+Y@V@c,>qc;0+TJ
l ;;!yyzzzS@LL+`;JL/AFJy>+x;y;.+x;y";./JV@@;
 ;;!yyzzzP@/,0L@FFJyV@/,y9WL@A;@FJF9;V
 ;;!yyzzzP@/,0L@FFJyV@/,y9WL@A;@FJF;V
 ;;!yyzzz0+/F,0J>,y!/;JFyyRy$yWR{y

0+T>UH,00!HYSU+>+N;H<„FJU,F†,X,:+u+,FO,;U,FTX,‘
CHƯƠNG I: NHỮNG TƯ TƯNG TRIT HC CƠ BẢN CỦA PHT
GIO
I. Lịch sử và nguồn gốc ra đời
’,tVUFT+,:+Hb@;+B,Fa/c;0+TJUJ;NC“;E;.< FF:,0,0@AB,
”•-HIJc;-LJ+LL/.;//@;//”$R9#G[9•`T,0Vc!-H?./H=+>U
!T;;.+Y,.€F.–CJQ,0;NC“;Ec;0+TJ./H=+LJ,@Fb@!T;
;.+Y,u?t+-F|;YVU0+Q+P@AN;O@;@},0+g/FTF0+/+Ff!,0UAFU,0C‡F
,0+M;;.J,0u?t+’,VdFSfA0+=:,0DHO@`€!O,F+/0+/+Ff!VI+L+h,./
L/+LŽ,0>UC‡F,0+M;,<D’,tj?t+’,tF+/;U,GH•,0Ff!> +
Hn/>n>UP@Aq,V„+CTF,/@HE,0Hb@VU;p,0Vg-CNHN,VUP@•;tF-`/@HVU
S~,LO,;€LJ>UF@k+Fo,0VU,:VM8@/,M0+g/,g,0H•,0Ff!,UAF,g,0
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC ./,0$
P@AHn,.f;,0+B,0‚;-0+/+Ff!,:VMSnHU,T!-SFVt;-T!SEFHN,;c,Fo,0
M;k,0FTFP@/,M!O,S+M;H•,0Ff!N;`EFUC‡FH?;IJ,B,>N;.I,,E;
`O@`‡F;.J,0u?t+’,tFŠHI+%J>cA-Fb,;+N;!Q+F`€u@f;+M,FTF
;.<=,0!T+;.+N;eFHY0+Q+P@AN;HX,H‚;U,0Fa/VnF`rc;0+TJ./H=+
C:,0F†,<t;FO@;.QV=+FJ,g,0AB@Fb@SEF;+N;Fa/u?t+UFƒ,FJ
,g,0Hƒ+‹+Fa/VnF`r@A,+B,;Z;NC“;E`/@F:,0,0@AB,-Fo,0> +
`€FQ+;+N,Fa/FTF;:,0+TJCTFF•,0,<F@tFHf@;./,0+g/S/;:,0+TJV ,
Fa/’,t&UV/:,-)+0+TJ>Uc;0+TJ,0UAFU,00/A0‡;L},HN,>+MFc;
0+TJS‡;Hb@`@A;U,
Z,0@),Ft+’,t-c;0+TJH?;xJLƒ,0;=+0+/,;.@Aq,H+C‡!,X+
TFHOAX,,p-c;0+TJH?F‚;;I+.@,08@kF
%JHn/;N,…D,0?;<V<@VtP@kF;N-c;0+TJ0‚!,+q@;@c,V„+C+L@
,c!>UJ+M;/xJ`kV+M@0+,c,H<„F-c;+TJH<„F;.@Aq,HN,+M;
/FTF,/ACJQ,0,p-LJ,U`<,0<=+’,tVU/./—+>/F/”//
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2. Nhân quả
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C:,0,0Z,0>UF†F`€S+N,JTfAVU>v,>+h,O,P@QVUt;Hn,V@c;

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SU,,0/A;.J,0Fœ+H=++M,;I+
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 &/!<X,0!T!P@/,;.e,0HY0+d!Fd,0`+,;+B@L+M;H<„F;/HtF
/HtFH<„FC‡F!|FS…,0FTF;€FU,;/eF”0+ +-Hn,-;@M•
›+ +;€F+M,,0•0+ +”C:,0`T;`+,-C:,0;.tF‡!-C:,0;ULO-
C:,0@k,0.<„@-C:,0,k+Lk+•€F+M,,0•0+ +`™;+B@L+M;H<„F;/
›n,0+g;.I,0;T+AB,;v,;@AM;Hk+-JU,;JU,;TF.=+;N0+ +g@
~,-HI;; +;.I,0;T+JU,;JU,C:,0€F+M,Hn,`™L+M;H<„F`O,
›@MHI;; +`€;.J,0`T,0;@AM;>=+-C:,0B@t+-C:,0;/-`O,
€F+M,H<„F;@M`™;+B@L+M;H<„F`+
5. Từ bi
8@T,>:V<„,0;eC+,FŒ!ˆOFa/F<c;VU;OHI+;ZS+‰
ˆZS+VU0kF.hFa/HIJc;‰
ˆZS+‰VUˆ;Z‰>UˆS+‰-VU/+HEF;*,FXSQ,;.J,0Sk,HEF;*,Uc;
0+TJ0e+VUˆ;E>:V<„,0‰”/;@./!.//,/•/AFƒ,0e+VUˆ;E>:V<„,0;O‰I+
;ZH+Y,+,dF&QJHn,,0v/ˆ;E>:V<„,0‰VUˆSk,HEF;*,‰Fa/c;&)
;T;0);Z-S+-“-uQO,+MHxVI+,+q>@+FJ,0<=+CTF0e+VUˆ;Z‰-
;O,+MVUFJ,0<=+CTFS ;CŠH/@0e+VUˆS+‰->@+Z,0>~Fd,0`+,
H<„F/,VIF-;.T,CŠH/@0e+VUˆ“‰-;O,+MHk+> +Fd,0`+,C:,0;*,
;JT,;O,-`X-Hk+ur> +e+,0<=+S~,H•,0,<,/@0e+VUˆuQ‰ZS+;.J,0
c;0+TJC:,0F,0v/HX,0+Q,VUu;;<X,0C¢CTFt;FTF;|Ht,0>U
;+B@F€F-U,0<„FVI+;ZS+VUt;`EFI,;*FF€FH</;/;•,0>UJU,
Ht,0-;.J,0|FH*FVJI+;.Ze+;YLI,0Fa/CŠH/@>Ue+Ft+.hFa/CŠ
H/@
CHƯƠNG II: NHỮNG GI TR V HN CH CỦA PHT GIO
I. Những giá trị của Phật giáo
1. Giá trị v giáo dục

C+N!;.< FF†VUHt,0>c;,<;.O@-Sƒ-V„,-F-.‡,.N;,<,0Fd,0;/F</
H<„F0+TF,0t;€F`€-F</+Y@H+q@Ht;FTF;.*;@M,B,C:,0S+N;H;:+
%JH-FJ,,0<=+ +!Q+;.Q+P@/U,0,0U,-U,0>I,F@tFH=+
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC ./,09
e+,0<=+Hq@S+N;ˆC:,0`T;`+,‰VU0+ +FfFa/c;0+TJc;0+TJFa
;.<X,0e+Fd,0`+,;.J,0;N0+/,,UAHq@!Q+S~,H•,0-F*,>~>cAFJ,
,0<=+Fb,!,0`+,,g,0Ht,0>c;,‹-AN@iC:,0H<„FH/,0;OFUHI!
Fd,0e+`€;|;T,Hq@;oAL@AB,C+N,~,;< ,0-;.I,0;T+HŠ+CTF
EFI,Fa/FJ,,0<=+>k,,…;.J,0Vƒ,0;ZS++,0<=+;/F</;ZS‹
`€;U,SIJ;~eC:,0;Y,UJ,0tH<„Ft;`€;c;UF*,EFc;V@:,F/
,0„+HVU;oc,!Q+H<„FF+,!|FS…,0;+,;b,Sf;SIJHt,0
3. Phật giáo v văn hóa Việt Nam, con người Việt Nam
Ảnh hưởng Phật giáo qua ngôn ngữ: TF;Z,0g,<ˆ;ZS+‰-ˆ“u?‰-ˆ0+TF
,0t‰-ˆ`Tk+‰•C:,0Fƒ,VU,g,0;Z,0g;.+N;eFU;.D;U,V=+p,;+N,0
,+…,0,0UA-H<„F,0<=+LO,+M;/`rL|,0t;FTF;O,;@tF-!ŠS+N,
Ảnh hưởng Phật giáo qua ca dao và thơ ca: TFFO@F/L/J>U;XF/Fa/
+M;/;ZVO@H?/,0S,0~,Fa/c;0+TJ> +~,Q,Fa/,0:+Fo/->q
P@/,,+M+N@I,-P@/,,+M,O,P@Q€Q,<D,0`O@`‡FHC:,0F†
;Y+M,P@/F/L/JS~,LO,UFƒ,u@f;+M,,+q@;.J,0FTFVJI+~,;XF/-
>p,>b,->p,u@:+-,+F@,0VU>p,F<X,0STFeF;.J,0,q,>p,eF+M;/
Ảnh hưởng Phật giáo qua các tác phẩm văn học: X>p,+M;,/F
,g,0Q,<D,0Fa/c;+TJ`O@`‡F+Y,~,,<;TF!˜,Š+;+N,0
.@AM,+q@Fa/;+UJ0@Ah,%@-VUt;;.@AM,;X,:>+N;S…,0;YV|FST;
0)9$GFO@;X.@AM,+q@Fn@,+q@Q,<D,0Fa/c;0+TJ-;.J,0H
,Š+Sc;,f;VU;@AN;>qCŠHN-;+,;b,>q+N@HIJ>U;@AN;>q,O,P@Q>U
,0+M!STJ
Ảnh hưởng Phật giáo qua phong tục tập quán:c;0+TJQ,<D,0`O@Hc
HN,!J,0;|F;c!P@T,+M;/;:,0P@/,0+;EF;c!;|Fp,F/A-;=!c;-
!,0`/,>USk;*-,0+;EF/F/A-F< +‹+-Fd,0.…-o,0t;>UVh
Fo/

Q,<D,0;@AN;,O,P@Q-V@O,)+,0+M!STJ-•
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC ./,0$
II. Những hạn chế của Phật giáo
1. Duy vật biện chứng nhưng còn chất phác
*,L@A>c;>U>:;b,;Y+M,.œ,Œ;,f;DP@/,,+M>q;*,;€;O,`+,
;U,-S+N,HŠ+Fa/>I,>c;-C:,0LJ`€F+!k+P@AN;Hn,Fa/t;V€FV<„,0
;b,V+,/A;<„,0HN;k+F/J,UJ.T+VI+>I,>c;Hq@;@O,;xJ;*,;f;Hn,>U
!ŠS+N,Fa/V@c;,O,#P@Q*,S+M,FE,0`O@`‡FFa/;.+N;eFc;0+TJH‚F
S+M;;Y+M,.œP@/>+MFV@c,FE,0>q;*,Ff;ˆ>:,0?‰>Uˆ>:;<=,0‰Fa/
>I,>c;c;0+TJF† +,c,./;N0+ +VUt;M;k,0F†,;Y-e+>c;Hq@
FV+B,M-;TFHt,0V},,/@-V@:,,…;.J,0P@T;.~,`+,;U,-S+N,/-L+M;
>J,0,<,0F</F†./H<„F`€>c,Ht,0>U!T;;.+Y,Fa/>I,>c;&B,FI,H-
;.+N;V•c;0+TJF•,0F</H<„FFE,0+,t;FTFF‚;F™>UCJ/eF
2. Nhân sinh quan mang tính duy tâm chủ quan, thần bí
8@/,H+Y,UAC+N,,0<=+;/C:,0< ,0>UJ+M,;€F-U< ,0>UJ
,0+M!->UJP@QSTJ->UJ;b,V+,HYJ,0H<„F!ot-Ht;.~Ut;C+;<
L@A,<>cA;~C:,0Fb,0~HN,`€;~;ƒ+>UCT!T-`T,0;IJ>UU,Ht,0
c;0+TJFJ.…,0F†FS…,0`€C+B,Hn,HY;€F+M,ˆ&T;U,HIJ‰-
ˆ0•0+ +‰-ˆ|FHt‰;~Fd,0`+, +F;Y0+Q+;JT;~,./C‹+,š+CŠ
c;0+TJC:,0Fa;.<X,00+Q+!,0S…,0FTFI,0u?t+‚FLoc;0+TJ
VB,T,.f;0/A0‡;FNHt,0<=+SFVt;,0<=+-Fk,0VI+Fa,0v/L@A;OFa/
&UV/:,0+TJVUt;;.J,0,g,0,<„FH+YH),0;=+F•,0VU<@H+Y
,r/>=+Fa/c;0+TJE,0;.< FSYCŠFa/Fd,0`+,c;0+TJFa;.<X,0
FQ+;IJ;OV+,FEC:,0!Q+FQ+;IJ;N0+ ++M,;€F@A,+B,-.+N;eF
c;0+TJF•,0;Y+M,;*,L@A;OFaP@/,C+FJ+;N0+ ++M,;€FVUQJ0+Q
>ULJFT+;O>:+,Fa/FJ,,0<=+;IJ./
3. Phật giáo chú trọng phát triển tinh thần m không chú trọng phát
triển vật chất
.+N;V•,O,`+,Fa/c;0+TJ,0@AB,;@“F†;fAFT,O,FJ,,0<=+U
C:,0;fAu?t+FJ,,0<=+J,,0<=+,+F@,0> +,0+M!;+M,,0+M!TFD

p,SQ,>U`DH‡FFa/&‡F;:,0VUSQ,;YeF>U;.@,0HIJFa/&‡F;:,0VU;.@,0
HIJFa/SQ,;Y@A,+B,-+M,;<„,0>USQ,;YVU/+‚;Fa/t;;€F;I+L@A
,f;>U;JU,L+M,-C:,0;Y;TFS+M;€F;I+VU;€F;I+-FEC:,0F;€F;I+
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC ./,0W
+M,;<„,0/A;€F;I+SQ,;Yf;FQVUt;-C:,0/+C:,0CTFc;0+TJ
VUc;0+TJ-FEC:,0Fc;0+TJFa//;:,0/Ac;0+TJFa/&‡F;:,0
•,0,<>cA-/;:,0>U&‡F;:,0VU/+‚;Fa/t;c;0+TJL@A,f;>U
;JU,L+M,-C:,0;Y;TFS+M;
KT LUN

c;0+TJH?H<„F;r;TF-FeuT;> +;=+0+/,>UC:,00+/,i0+T;.n-;TF
L|,0Fa/c;0+TJ>},,<u</0UA,/A-;.< F;+N,St>p,+,>c;Ff;P@T
HtH?u:H˜AFJ,,0<=+>UJ;.J,0k;•Fa/;/>e,0-c,;o+N,;./,
>},L+h,./CkFV+M;;.B,;N0+ +-,0£JH+-SM,;c;-;+B,;/+>},HxLe/H=+
`k,0Fa/,O,VJI+U,0>p,+,-FJ,,0<=+FU,0F,+q@,š+VJV‡,0-`„?+
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC ./,0[
 +c;0+TJ> +FJ,H<=,0;JT;CŠ;+N;;€F-,O,SQ,-> +!<X,0FO;Z
S+“uQu/S‹Ff!;a-c,;o`™;+N!;|F`EM,/0+Q+CŠH/@FJ,O,
VJI+f;FQFd,0`/,Hq@Fc;;T,-Hq@FCQ,p,00+TF,0t-FCQ,p,0
;€F+M,,+qI,!dFFO,;c;;.B,Fœ+H=+,UA
@A,+B,SB,FI,H-c;0+TJF•,0;),;I+,g,0I,FN-,g,0;.+N;V•
F</!o„!> +F@tF`k,0;€F;NL@A;OFaP@/,-F†Fd;.e,0!T;;.+Y,
;+,;b,-C:,0SU,HN,Vv,>€FC+,;NF*,;.n•%o>cA-c;0+TJVUt;M
;k,0Š,Hn,/,0,+q@0+T;.n,O,>p,-,O,SQ,`O@`‡Ff,HqFƒ,VI+VU
Fb,T!L|,0,g,0;.+N;V•,O,`+,H>UJH+q@C+M,;€F;NF@tF`k,0t;FTF
CŒJVŒJ-@AY,F@AY,
.J,0Sk+FQ,Hf;,< FH/,0F@AY,~,HYƒ/,c!>UJ;.UJV<@!T;
;.+Y,> +;N0+ +-+M;/Fb,!Q+DFr/HY0+/JV<@> +SI,S£P@kF;N,0‹
b@;+N!;@>UeF;c!,g,0;+N,StCJ/eFCm;@c;+M,HI++q@H`™L},
HN,`€L@,c!,+q@V@),0>p,/,0JI+V/+~>cA-Fd,0;/Fb,Ft;,q,>p,