Sa
DUNG MOT SO
TRAC
NGHIEM TAM LY
NHU
MOT
PHUONG
PHAP
NANG
CAO
HUNG
THU
HOC TAP
CHO
SINH
VIEN
KHI
HOC MON
TAM
LY HOC DAI CUONG
DAO
THI
DIEU
LINH
Bp mon
Tarn
ly
-
Gido
due
Tru&ng

sir
pham
birdc
dau hieu co so tam ly
cua
cac
nguyen tic,
hinh
thiic,
phirong
phap,
phuang
tien day hoc, giao
due
ma con
bxidc
dau
hinh
thanh
6
ho he thong ky nang
sir
pham.
Tuy nhien,
voi
mot so dac diem cua mon hoe nhu he thong khai
niem, quy
luat rS't
triru
tuong,

tuong
nay.
De
CO
the lam
dugc
di6u
do,
chiing
ta phai phoi hop sii dung rat
nhieu phuong phap nhu: phuong phap
di6n
giang neu van de, phuong
phap su dung
true
quan, phuong phap sir dung sach va tai lieu tham
khao,
phuong phap sir dung va
trich
dan
tuc
ngii,
ca dao Viet Nam
Mat khac,
trie
nghiem tam ly la phuong phap
c0
ban va dac
trirng
240

MOT SO VAN DE
L?
LUAN
1,
Khai niem trac nghiem tam ly (Psychological Tests)
1.1.
Djnh nghia
Hien nay co rat nhieu dinh
nghia
khac nhau ve
Trdc
nghiem tam
ly, tuy nhien dinh nghia cua tac gia F.S. Freeman, nha tam ly hoc My,
la
duoc
chap nhan han ca. Dinh nghia neu
duac
ban cha't va
nhiing
dac
diem the hien trong mot trac nghiem tam ly.
Theo Freeman, 'Trac nghiem tam ly
Id
mot cong cu da duac chudn
hoa
diing
de do
ludng
khdch quan mot hay nhieu mat cua nhan
each

each thiic
tien hanh trac nghiem, ve
each
cho diem, danh gia
+
Tinh
doi chieu: la ket qua trac nghiem tren mot ca nhan, mot
nhom bao
gicf
cung dugc doi chieu
v6i
nhiing chuan muc. Nhung
chuan muc nay dugc can
c\x
tren nhung nhom
chudn (mSu)
dii
Idn
va
du dai dien cho mot quan the thuc.
241
1.3.
Cac tieu chuan cua mot trac nghiem khoa hoc
-
Trdc
nghiem phai co do tin cay cao (Reliability): do tin cay ciia
mot
trde
nghiem la kha nang trac nghiem do co the cho ta ket qua
giong nhau qua nhieu

each
giira hai
Ian
do qua
gan nhau se lam cho nghiem the thuoc va
nhdf
cau tra loi, do vay
nghiem the tra loi theo tri
nho chii
khong bgc
16
kha
ciia
minh.
-
Trie
nghiem phai co do ung nghiem cao (Validity): do
ling
nghiem cua
trSc
nghiem la kha nang cho phep
ehiing
ta do dugc cai
can do.
Ngudi ta
thudng diing
he so tuong quan de do xem trie nghiem co
do ling nghiem khong. Cu the do la moi tuong quan giua cac ket qua
do bang trac nghiem voi ket qua (ciing do ve van de do) do bang cac
phuong phap khac, hay cac

thanh hai nhom
16n.
Trong cac each tren, each phan loai thu: tu la pho bien hon ca.
Theo
each
phan loai nay, trie nghiem tam ly dugc chia thanh hai
nhom:
trie
nghiem ve tri tue va trie nghiem ve nhan each.
- Nhom cac trie nghiem ve
tri
tue (Mental abilities Tests) gom hai
tieu nhom:
+ Cac
trie
nghiem ve nhan
thiie
(Cognitive Intelligence Tests), dugc
242
do bang chi so
IQ,
gom ba loai: trie nghiem do
lucmg
tri tue chung
(General Intelligence Tests),
trie
nghiem nang
luc
chuyen mon (Aptitude
Tests) va trie nghiem thanh

"Hung thu
Id
thai do dqe biet
eiia
cd nhan doi voi doi tuong ndo do,
vUa CO
y nghia doi vai euoe song,
viJca
co kha nang dem
Iqi
khodi cam
cho cd nhan trong qua trinh
hoqt
dgng
"
(Tam ly
hge
dai cuang -
Nguy6n
Quang Uan
(chii
bien) - Nxb. Dai hoc
Qudc
gia Ha Ngi, tr.l73).
Muon tao
hiing thii
phai co hai dieu kien:
thii
nhat, cai
gay

hiing
thii.
Hiing
thii
co vai tro rat quan trgng doi v6i cac hoat dgng noi
chung va
vofi
hoat dgng hge tap noi rieng. Hiing thu lam nay sinh khat
vgng hanh dgng, lam tang hieu qua cua hoat dgng nhan thiic, tang
siic
lam viec.
Nh6
co hiing
thii,
qua trinh
lao
dgng va
hge
tap
ciia
chiing ta
di6n
ra nhe nhang han, say me, hao hiing han va dat hieu qua cao han.
Dac biet, cac thanh tuu tam ly
hge
(ca trong
nude
va
nude
ngoai) cung

hiing
thii
cho sinh vien trong qua trinh day hge, can
luu
y mot so diem
sau:
(1) Cac trie nghiem phai dat tieu chuan
ciia
mot trie nghiem khoa
hge,
cung nhu co day
dii
cac dac diem
ciia
mot trie nghiem nhu
tinh
khaeh quan,
tinh
tieu chuan hoa va tinh doi chieu.
(2) Trie nghiem phai sat vdi cac van de, cac khai niem hay cac
hien tugng tam ly trong bai hge, qua do giiip sinh vien hieu ro han ve
eae van de nay.
(3) Sir dung trie nghiem phai eo
sir
chgn
Igc,
tranh sir dung tran
Ian
vi cac trie nghiem co dac diem la thudng rat dai de khong lam anh
hudng den tien trinh cua mon hge.

dng
va cac cong tac vien da khang dinh hai
nhan to: tinh thin kinh
(d6
bi kich
thich)
va
tinh
hudng ngoai - hudng
ngi la hai thong
so'
can ban trong cau
triie ciia
nhan each.
244
D^
do hai nhan td' nay nhu la hai nhan to dai dien (tieu bieu) cua
nhan each, Eysenek da dua ra mot bang
cau
hoi, ggi la "Bang kiem ke
nhan each
eiia
Eysenek"
(Eysenek
Personality Inventory).
Trie
nghiem
gom
CO
57 cau hoi va yeu eiu chi tra

Khi
chit: Xac dinh
tdng
diem I tren true "hudng ngoai - hudng ngi".
Tinh tdng diem N, xac dinh vi tri
ciia
N tren true "on dinh - khong
on dinh".
Tim
tga do cua hai diem tren de xac dinh loai khi chit.
cau
hoi cua trie nghiem se dugc trinh bay cu the trong phan phu luc.
Khong
on dinh
24
Hudng ngi
/Uutu
\
Binh than
Nong
nay\
12
1
Hoat
bat
/
24 Hudng ngoai
6n
dinh
245

cac dac diem tam ly cua minh.
Thii
ba, trie nghiem lam cho eae em hiing
thii,
say me han, thiic
day cac em tim toi, kham pha cac dac diem tam ly, nhan
each ciia
minh ciing nhu cac dac diem, thuoc tinh tam ly chung cua nhan each,
tao hiing
thii hge
tap cho sinh vien.
Trong hge ky I (nam hoc 2004 - 2005) vira qua, khi day tai hai
khdi
Idp
(P5-P7 va N1-N4), toi da sir dung trie nghiem nay va nhan
tha'y sinh vien da rat hiing
thii
vdi trie nghiem va cac hien tugng tam
ly dugc de cap den trong bai, cu the: khong khi hge tap rat sdi noi,
sinh vien bay td su quan tam cua minh bing cac
cau
hoi, khong chi la
cac cau hoi ve trie nghiem ma eon ve cac khai niem, dac diem, bieu
hien
.cua
nhirng hien tugng tam ly trong bai hge.
3. Cach
siir
dung trac nghiem EYSENCK khi giang phan "Nhan
each

khai niem "tinh each" va "khi chat", giiip cac em hieu rd hon ve cac
khai niem nay.
V. KET LUAN
Mac du chua cd dieu kien de dua ra nhirng sd lieu nghien
ciiu
cu
the,
nhung qua qua trinh giang day thuc te, tdi thay ring viec sir dung
mot each hgp ly mot so trie nghiem tam ly se lam eho bai giang
phong
phii
han, sinh vien hiing
thii
va hieu
sau
han cac khai niem va
eae hien tugng tam
ly,
vdn rat truu tugng
ciia
mdn hge.
Phu luc
TRAC NGHIEM EYSENCK
1.
Ban cd thudng xuyen bi
Idi
cudn vao nhiing cam tudng, nhung an
tugng mdi me hoac di tim ngudn cam xiie manh me de giai budn
va lam cho minh phan chan
len

7.
Ban thudng hay thay doi tam trang:
liie
vui,
liic
budn phai khdng?
8. Ban cd hay noi nang, hanh ddng mot
each
bdt phat, vdi vang khdng
suy
nghi
khdng?
9. Cd khi nao ban tha'y minh la ngudi bat hanh ma khdng cd nguyen
nhan ro rang khdng?
247
10.
Ban c6
th^
xfi'p
minh
vko
loai ngudi khdng bao gid phai
liing
tiing,
ip
ling,
mh
ludn
s5n
s^ng

Ban cd hay an han vdi
nhiJng Idi
ndi hay viec lam ma dang
le
khdng nen ndi hay lam nhu vay khdng?
15.
Ban thich dgc sach hon la trd chuyen vdi ngudi khac phai khdng?
16.
Ban cd
d6
phat y khdng?
17.
Ban ed thich thudng xuyen cd mat trong nhom, hdi
eiia
minh
khdng?
18.
Ban hay cd nhiing y
nghl
ma ban mudn giau khdng cho ngudi khac
biet phai khdng?
19.
Cd diing ddi khi ban la ngudi nhiet tinh vdi mgi cong viec, nhung
cung cd
liic
hoan toan chan chudng, ue oai phai khdng?
20.
Ban cd thich tha ring cd it ban nhung ban than hay khdng?
21.
Ban cd hay ma ude khdng?

Ddi khi ban ciing hay theu det chuyen phai khdng?
31.
Ban thudng khdng ngu dugc vi cd nhieu y
nghi Idn
xdn trong dau
phai khdng?
248
32.
Neu ban mudn biet mdt dieu gi thi ban tu tim
liy
trong sach bao
chii
khdng di hdi ngudi khac phai khdng?
33.
Cd bao gid ban hdi hop khdng?
34.
Ban cd thich
nhiJng
edng viec ddi hdi su
chii
y thudng xuyen
khdng?
35.
Ban cd hay run sg khdng?
36.
Neu khdng bi kiem tra thi ban cd chiu mua ve tau hay xe khdng?
37.
Ban cd thay khd chiu khi sdng trong mdt tap the ma mgi ngudi hay
gidu
cgt nhau khdng?

rgng rai vdi mgi ngudi khdng?
47.
Ban cd the ggi minh la ngudi
d6 xiic
ddng,
dt
phan irng khdng?
48.
Trong sd nhirng ngudi quen, cd ngudi ma ban khdng ua thich mdt
each edng khai phai khdng?
49.
Ban ed eho minh la ngudi hoan toan tu tin khdng?
50.
Ban cd dd phat y khi mgi ngudi chi ra nhung
Idi
lam
ciia
minh
trong edng tac hay nhirng thieu sot rieng tu cua minh hay khdng?
51.
Ban cd cho ring khd cd duge niem vui thuc su trong budi lien
hoan phai khdng?
52.
Cam giac tha'p kem han ngudi khac cd lam cho ban khd chiu
khdng?
53.
Ban cd
d6
dang lam cho nhdm ban be ciia minh dang budn chan
trd nen sdi ndi, vui ve duge khdng?

1996.
4.
Tdm ly hge dai cuang -
Nguyen
Quang Uan
(ehii
bien) - Nxb.
Dai hge Qudc gia Ha Ndi.
5.
Tdm ly hge dai cuang - Pham Minh Hac, Le Khanh, Tran Trgng
Thiiy.
6. Trac nghiem tdm ly lam sang -
Nguy6n
Van Nhan,
Nguyin
Sinh
Phiic
- Nxb. Quan ddi Nhan dan 2004.
Tom tat
Tam ly hge dai cuang la mdt trong nhirng mdn hge mdi, triiu
tugng va tuang ddi khd ddi vdi sinh vien trong nhirng nam dau tren
giang dudng dai hge. Viec ludn ddi mdi va van dung phd'i hgp cac
phuang phap giang day khac nhau se tao nen d sinh vien su hiing
thii,
say me va hoc tap hieu qua han. Sir dung cac trie nghiem tam ly trong
qua trinh giang day khdng chi giiip cac em cd ca hdi kham pha ban
than ma edn giiip cac em hieu sau han ve cac khai niem va cac hien
tugng tam ly ndi chung
eiia
mdn hge. Trong khudn khd cua bai viet