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12.
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m)
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Pi
Pu
Ta
Ti
Tu
Ka
Ki
Ku
Pha
Phi
Phu
Tha
Thi
Thu
Kha
Khi
l<hu_
Ba
il-fif4-
0.88
0.77
0.70
0.80
0.68
0.89
0.93

Chhi
Chhu
Ha
£m±
0.98
0.74
0.77
1.00
0.91
0.74
0.82
0.87
0.84
0.98
0.64
0.61
045
0.33
007
023
021
026
0.97
m^-^m'^f
[c] Ft*]
[c] [t*]
[c] [t*i [y
[t"l[t*"|[s
NFt*"]
W]

0.79
0.88
0.80
0.72
0.75
0.74
0.82
071
0.81
089
118
Bi
Bu
La
Li
Lu
0.93
0.93
0.89
0.13
0.33
[d] [1]
[d]
[1]
Hi
Hu
Sa
Si
Su
0.69

°
n^m
'm^^j
(transcription) •
^E(##Af?^lB^iS/k"/$|^?l7Scamil,f!S7^
kh
=
il^^
^m\m\'M7m^my^xx&?\\-hmi\^i (yrn'my
•
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srh'Aft^HSW !(/!/)
ix^mia^'
xx^jp.m'^ynmmyr$-^^nty-miyx>^^m.^-A7^m'm
rnxk"^.
•
?^ifii;gi^-i;-6f7-K-(high)
ixjixixmmyymynmmm
••
mu-tjMnmd] (mxii^i
•
y^yx^iy^kj^m-hm
n iti lu lyymy^mmrmm^mmm&ty di in
du»^w^7'
•
tyi-
'AW.iKf'i::^»;iinj/a/
> III
•
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IS&ifJ{/!;f*f?,i/ff:
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<s,L'}fi'-j d
A-'^f?
.7'
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n^^mmy^k^tAMmnim^f
"7i-)ll^fiilfni4(MiJ
L-Jfj
:
u
'yj9y
xmmri^jA-j^i^rTJitrj^j u .sa « ®
mr-^
r-^m^j
/ts/,
/tsV = my^idfMMxmiX
•
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^frHsm.iSf±siT-/t/
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If ° f]is^f^.i'yti7;G'^g|^'-s^0?
•
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° ii:t'tf .iii.5^;ifi^7F
•

chu
che
£yym'
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0.55
0.39
0.39
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[t*]
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ft*"]
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[t*"]
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0.21
0.03
0.21
0.12
0.03
0.06

[t'4
[c]
Ft*"]
mimi
0.48
0.15
0.12
0.06
0.30
0.30
0.18
0.03
0.51
0.21
0.09
0.09
0.03
0.45
119
cho.
cho
la
li
lu
le
lo.
lo
0.45
0.45
1.00

0.15
0.06
0.03
0.00
1.00
0.97
0.03
0.67
0.94
0.03
0.03
0.67
chho.
chho
0.00
0.06
rxii
ft"]
fxe]
ft*]
[*]
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[c]
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ft*]

14.
>n:mj£yM^-
t?.iF^
Tl
T2
T3
14
15
T7
TS
ii-:firi'-7.
0.89
0.74
0.77
0.79
0.85
0.07
0.S4
fAMfi^X'l.
ngang
^\m^mmm'^\^yy^m^ui]^:^&mKmm
•
mtm^^iX'Mx^m^xxim-hm^-^
mrnxxmim
•
m'^m^x^»ymmm\-hm^
.&
•
m-ry^^ymyxym^iym^^^jmrn
m^r^t>mryi

(Tiiung,
Wj-vun.
2001.
"Tone change In Taiwanese;
age
and geographic factors."
Tlie University
of
Pcnnsyhania
Working Papers in
Linguistics
8(1).
Dang. Nghicm Van. ct
al.
2000. Ethnic Minorities in
Vietnam
Hanoi: The
Gioi
Doan.
rhicn
Thuiil.
1999.
SgCrAm
Tieng
Viet
(/Hr^jlS^Su]
Ha Noi:
NXU
D.ii
Hoc Qu6c Gia.

'mw
•
mmiRmi.^
•
timm-x-^'M^zmM,
•
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•
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ttitimmxw^R^'-^m^.mmm-i^
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5
M
22-23
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pft#-:
m-'A^m,
mm^mm
ipnpM
1
2
3
4

Si
Chha
Ta
Hi
Kha
Ku
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
Gi
Ni
Ja
Sa
Tha
Pha
Hu
Ngi
Am
La
121
122
123
124

Chhi
Cha
tih
ian
Ong
Tl
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Kap
Nga
Pu
Thi
Gi
Ni
Chhi
Tha
Pha
Hu
51
52
53
54

Phu
tah
Eng
Chhi
Lu
Ha
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
Chhu
ak
Im
Kip
Pi
Tu
Ga
ek
Ang
Ji
171
172
173
174

103
At
Ong
Ti
141
142
143
Ma
Su
Chu
ISI
182
183
Ta
HI
Kha
121
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Pa
Khu
Bu
Phu
tah
Eng

Pa
145
1
Khu
146
147
148
149
150
Bu
Phu
tah
Eng
Ja
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
Nu
Chhu
Ki
Mu
Khi
LI
Ka
31
32

JI
Ma
Su
Chu
Pa
Nga
Pu
Thi
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
ian
Si
Chha
Na
KI
Mu
Khi
Li
Ka
In
151
152

It
Ju
Na
ak
In
Chi
Gu
Thu
Im
Kip
f7-::
3S-'AVM«
1 kan2
2
kak
3
kakS
4 kam3
5 kam5
6 kan5
7 kahS
8
ka2
9 kam7
10
kat
m&MuimnMm<.
11
kang2
12

29-2
-jit
mn-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
• • :
53
r.;r
la
cha
khi
chha
kha
li
cho.
^m
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
•
it!iJ^i|F]f't4Jfl^J

lo.
chho
khu
chhe
kho.
Ii
cho
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
chho.
ku
kho
chhu
ki
lo
chha
122
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

42
43
44
45
46
47
48
.a
khi
chu
lo
chi
lu
chho.
kha
cha
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
ka
cha
lo.
ki
chho