DAI HOC
QUOC GIA
HA
NOI
TRirClNG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN
KHOA NGON
NGU
HOC
*****
LE
THI
THU
HOAI
/?
TIM
HIEU
KHA NANG NHAN
DIEN TlT
HAN - VIET
• • •
CUA
SINH VIEN NGlT
VAN
CAO
DANG
(QUA
DIEU
TRA SINH VIEN CAO DANG
SITPHAM
NINH

bat cu mot tai lieu khoa
hoc ngon ngu nao. Nhung so lieu trong luan van la chinh xac, no duac dieu
tra
tur
thuc te ca
sof trudng
Cao dang su pham Ninh Binh. Neu sai toi xin hoan
loan chiu trach nhiem.
lac gia
Le Thi Thu Hoai
MUG LUC
Trang
BANG
KY HIEU VIET TAT 5
M6
DAU
6
1.
Ly do chon de tai 6
2.
Lich su van de 7
3.Gi6i
han van de nghien
ciJu 8
4.
Cau
true
luan van
8
Chirong

1.1.3.Khai
niem
tir
c6 Han Viet
14
1.1.4.
Khai niem
tir
Han Viet Viet hoa 14
1.1.5.
YeutdgocHan 15
1.2. Cach nhin nhan ve
tur
Han Viet cua Gs Phan Ngoc
15
1.2.1
.Cach
nhin nhan ve
tir
Han Viet cua Gs Phan Ngoc dua tren
15
quan diem lich
sir.
1.2.2.Cach
xac dinh
tir
Han Viet dua tren cam
thiic
ngon ngu cua 16
ngudi

sade
nhan dien
1.2.3.2.Su
phan chia cac am tiet tieng Viet dua tren cam thuc ngon ngu
1.2.4.Xac
dinh nguon goc
ciia
tu*
dua tren su boat dong cua cac am tiet
21
1.2.4.I.Bon
loai
am tiet trong boat dong
15i
noi
1.2.4.2.Cach nhin nhan ve
tir
thuan Viet doi v6i
ngu6i
ban ngu
1.2.4.3.Cach
nhin nhan
ve tir
Han Viet doi
v6i ngudi
ban
ngiJ
1.2.4.4.TiJf
Han Viet trong cam
thurc

2:Kha nang nhan dien
tir
Han Viet cua sinh vien
ngiJ
43
van cao ding (qua dieu tra sinh vien cao ding su pham Ninh
Binh)
2.1.Cach
nhin nhan ve
tir
Han Viet trong giao trinh dao tao giao vien 43
tieu hoc he CDSP.
2.1.1
.Cach
xac dinh khai niem
tiT
Han Viet 43
2.1.2.Nhanxet
43
2.1.3.Nhung
each
nhan dien
tir
Han Viet 45
2.1.3.1.Nhan
dien ve mat hinh thurc 45
a. Nhan dien ve mat ngu am
b.Nhan dien ve mat ngu phap
c.Kha nang ket hap
d. Nhan xet

2.2.4.Nhan xet 53
2.2.4.1.Nhan
xet ve kha nang nhan dien
tir
Han Viet khi dua tren
quan diem
ciia
Gs Nguyen Tai Can.
2.2.4.2. Nhan xet ve kha nang nhan dien
tir
Han Viet khi dua tren
quan diem cua Gs Phan Ngoc
2.2.4.3.
Nhan xet ve kha nang nhan dien
tir
Han Viet khi dua vao giao
trinh dao tao giao vien tieu hoc
2.2.5.Ket
qua nhan xet phieu dieu tra so 2 60
2.2.5.1
.Dua
theo
each
nhin nhan ve
tir
Han Viet cua Gs Nguyen Tai Can
2.2.5.2. Dua theo each nhin nhan ve
tir
Han Viet cua Gs Phan Ngoc
2.2.6.Tieu ket 63

tir
Han Viet
3.2.Nguyen nhan
din
den viec xac dinh
tir
Han Viet kho khan doi vai 74
sinh vien ngu van.
3.2.I.Nguyen
nhan do giao trinh day 74
3.2.2.Nguyen nhan tiep thu
ciia
sinh vien 76
3.3.Thir
de xuat tieu chi nhan dien
tir
Han Viet 76
3.4.Tieu ket chuang 3 77
KET
LUAN 78
TAI
LIEU THAM KHAO 80
BANG
PHU LUC 84
4
KY
HIEU VIET TAT
DUNG TRONG LUAN
VAN
Bn: Bo ngu

nghien
ciJu
deu
CO
tinh lich su, co qua trinh hinh thanh, phat trien
ciia
no.
NhiJng
hu6ng
nghien
ciJu
do deu co muc dich chung la phuc vu cho nhu
c^u
can
nang cao
hieu biet va su dung ngon
ngii ciia
con nguai.
Nhimg
thanh
tmi
trong nghien
ciiti
ngon ngir, cu the a
nu6c
ta la tieng Viet, da duac chon
loc
dua vao giang
day trong nha
trucmg.

chiem
khoang mot phan ba
dung
luang th5i
gian danh cho mon hoc nay.
Muc tieu ciia mon hoc tir Han Viet doi v6i giao vien tieu hoc la nam
duac cau tao va
ngii
nghia tir Han Viet. Tir do co kha nang nhan dien, giai
thich nghia, biet duac gia tri va su dung tir Han Viet vao boat dong giao
tiep.Dong
thdi
qua do
ngucti
giao vien biet
each
huang dan hoc sinh tieu hoc
nam duac y nghia, gia tri ciia viec
sir
dung
tir
Han Viet vao giao
tie'p phii
hap
v6'\
Ma tuoi hoc sinh
tieu
hoc.
Nhu vay doi v6i giao vien tieu hoc viec biet giai
thich

Han Viet duac trang bi cho giao vien tieu
hoc can phai duac ban bac them. Muc tieu ciia su ban bac nghien
ciiu
nay la
tim hieu kha nang nhan dien
tijr
Han Viet
ciia
sinh vien ngu van cao dang. Tren
ca sa do co the dua ra nhirng phuang phap nhan tir Han Viet mot
each
co hieu
qua nhat doi
v6i
viec day va hoc.
V6i
muc tieu do
chiing
toi chon de tai
"Tim
hieu kha nang nhan dien tir Han Viet cua sinh vien
ngii
van cao dang (qua
dieu tra sinh vien cao dang su pham Ninh Binh)"
2.
Lich su van de.
Hien nay trong
gi6i
ngon
ngii

ciia
minh ve tir Han Viet. Gs. Nguyen Tai Can
dira
tren
tieu chi
ngii
am de xac dinh yeu to Han Viet qua do xac dinh tir Han
Viet.Con
Gs.
Phan Ngoc xac dinh tir Han Viet dua vao cai goi la " cam thuc ngon ngu"
ciia ngudi
ban
ngii.
Ngoai nhiing tac pham nghien curu tren con co mot
loat
cac cong trinh
nghien
ciJu
ve tir Han Viet dual dang tir dien. Dang
chii
y nhat la "Tir dien
Han Viet" ciia hoc gia Dao Duy Anh.
Nhiing cong trinh nghien
ciiu
tren
chii
y nghien
ciiu sir
hinh thanh hay
nguon goc qua trinh hinh thanh each doc Han Viet, mo ta

Mu5ng.
Tieng Viet la mot ngon ngir thuoc tieu chi Viet Chut, dai chi Mon
Khame, ho Nam A. Nhung sau do
ciing
nhu a Trieu Tien, Nhat Ban, do co
tiep
xiie v6i nen
van hoa
chii
Han trong mot qua trinh lau dai, lien tuc, sau
rong va co tinh each bat buoc nen da gia them mot khoi luang dang ke cac
yeu
to goc Han trong do co tir Han Viet. Vi vay de nghien
cuii
ve
til
Han Viet
can phai co mot trinh do hieu biet ngon
ngii
nhat dinh. V6i trinh do co han
trong khuon kho luan van nay
chiing
toi chi dat ra nhiem vu tim hieu kha
nang nhan dien
tijr
Han Viet
ciia
sinh vien ngir van cao
dang.Doi
tuang khao

chuang.
A: Ma dau.
B:
Noi dung
Chuang 1:
Tim
hieu each nhin nhan tir Han Viet cua ngon ngir hoc.
Chuang 2: Kha nang nhan dien
tijr
Han Viet cua sinh vien
ngii*
van cao
'J
V.
f
dang (qua dieu tra sinh vien Cao dang su pham Ninh Binh).
Chuang 3: Thu de xuat tieu chi nhan dien tir Han Viet trong giang day
cho sinh vien cao dang su pham .
C: Ket luan.
Ngoai ra, luan van con co phan phu
luc
cung cap hai phieu dieu tra ma
chiing toi da su dung de lam trac nghiem. Ben canh do la 500 tir ghep co mot
thanh phan la yeu to Han Viet.
8
Chuang 1
TIM HIEU CACH NHIN
NHAN
TL/
HAN VIET

mot ngon
ngii.
Nhung de dua ra mot dinh
nghia khai quat ve
tijr
duac nhieu
ngucfi
chap nhan khong phai la dieu de dang
. Hien nay co t6i "tren 300 dinh nghia khac nhau ve
"tii"[15;61].
Trong luan van nay chiing toi tam
th5i
chap nhan quan diem ve
til
cua
Nguyen Thien Giap: "Tir la dan vi nho nhat ciia ngon
ngii,
doc lap
ve
y nghia
vahinhthiic"[15;61].
Day la quan diem tam
th5i
duac chap nhan trong luan van nay de lam
viec.
Dinh nghia nay chi ra tinh hoan chinh cua tir, kha nang tach biet
ciia
tir.
Dan vi cau tao
nen

nguo^i,
san bay, sach,
biit
Day la cac tir duac cau tao tir cac tieng.
Tir
CO
tinh hoan chinh ve y nghia va hinh
thuc.Tinh
hoan chinh va tach
biet ve y nghia la bit buoc doi
v6i
m6i
tijr
no la ca sa ciia tinh hoan chinh va
tach biet
ve
hinh
thiic.
Tinh hoan chinh ve y nghia ciia
tijr
the hien
a
ch6 m6i
tij"
deu mang mot y
nghia nhat dinh (co the la y nghia
ngii
phap hoac co the la y nghia tir vung)
Vd:tir
"nha",

"sach vd" ciing nhu vay chiing ta ciing khong the them mot
til
nao khac vao ban than no.
Vi tir doc lap ve y nghia va hinh
thiic nen
no co the ket hap tu do doc lap
vai cac tir khac de tao thanh cau. No co the dong nhiing vai tro
ngii
phap khac
nhau a trong cau.
Vd:tir"
nha" trong cau: "Nha nay dep" thi "nha" dong vai tro la Cn.
Trong cau "Toi mua nha" thi "nha"
lai
dong vai tro la Bn.
LI.Cach
nhin nhan ve tir Han Viet cua Gs. Nguyen Tai Can.
Trong thuc te Gs.
Nguyln
Tai Can khong xac dinh tir Han Viet mot
cachtrue
tiep ma xac dinh tir Han Viet thong qua xac dinh yeu to Han Viet
bang each xac dinh khai niem nguon goc each doc Han Viet.
Dua tren tieu chi
ngii
am Gs. Nguyen Tai Can da xac dinh nguon goc
each doc Han Viet.
Tijr
do ong xac dinh khai niem yeu to Han Viet.
10

xiic
lau dai va trai qua nhieu giai doan khac nhau.
Ket qua la trong he thong
Idp til
vung goc Han ma nguai Viet tiep thu duac co
nhiing tir goc Han tiep thu a giai doan lich sir nay, co nhirng tir goc Han tiep
thu d giai doan lich
sir
khac. Su khac nhau nay the hien d vd
ngii
am, d
each
doc
chii
Han
ciia
ngudi Viet.
Vi
chiJ
Han anh hudng den nhieu quoc gia khac nhau
nen
co nhiing
each
doc khac nhau ve
chii
Han, co each doc
chii
Han
ciia
ngudi Trieu Tien,

ngudi Viet.
Neu chi
dtag
lai d day thi chiing ta mdi chi phan biet duac each doc
chii
Han cua ngudi Viet vdi each doc
chii
Han
ciia
cac quoc gia khac. No chua the
giiip ta phan biet duac su khac nhau giiia tir co Han Viet, tir Han Viet Viet hoa
va
yeu
to goc Han. Nhung tiir nay ciing co nguon goc
tir
tieng Han va ciing
chiu su tac dong cua quy
luat ngii
am tieng Viet.
Nghia la no cung la each doc ve
chii
Han
ciia
ngudi Viet. Do do hien nay
trong tieng Viet cd nhiing
chii
Han ton tai nhieu each doc.
Vi du: Ve
chii
Han vira cd each doc Han Viet vira cd each doc co

dong ciia quy luat ngir am lich sir
tie'ng
Viet da tach xa each doc
ciia
ngudi
Han va trd thanh mot each doc rieng biet
ciia
ngudi Viet. No la each doc tao
thanh he thong, doc lap cd dac trung rieng cd lich sir dien
bien
rieng
ciia
minh.
Nguon goc xuat phat diem cua "each doc Han Viet" hien nay chinh la he
thong ngir am tieng Han day d Giao Chau
trude
khi Viet Nam
diing len
danh
doc lap. Cu the la he thong Dudng am.
Trudc the ky X (trude khi Viet Nam danh doc lap 938). Tieng Han
duac
diing
d nude ta nhu mot
thii
tieng
nude
ngoai. Tieng Han duac
diing
d

vung tieng
Han ngudi Viet vin giir nguyen hau nhu khong thay doi nhung ve each doc
ngit am
da cd su thay doi.
Liic
nay tie'ng Han d Viet Nam da mat dan tu each
la mot sinh ngii. Cd nghia la sau
the'
ky thur X tieng Han d Trung Quoc vSn
tiep tuc bien doi qua cac trieu dai lich sir nhung no khong con true tiep tac
dong den tie'ng Han d Viet Nam duac
niia.
Tieng Han d Viet Nam chiu su tac
dong
ciia
quy luat
ngii
am lich sir tieng Viet.
Liic
nay ngudi Viet tiep thu hoc
tieng Han vdi tu the'
chii
dong la mot quoc gia doc lap va bit dau ap dat hinh
thanh each doe
chiJ
Han rieng
ciia
chinh ngudi Viet. Do chinh la each doc
Han Viet.
Nhu vay khai niem Han Viet la chi each doc

hai yeu to Han Viet trd len (tir ghep)
Vd: giang san, hieu
trudng,
cong nghiep hod.
Xet ve mat
ngii
phap, d day cd
sir
phan biet giiia yeu
id
Han Viet va tir
Han Viet. Yeu to Han Viet va tir Han Viet deu la nhiJng dan vi muan tir tieng
Han va cd each doc Han Viet. Tuy nhien yeu to Han Viet bao gom nhiing dan
vi vira la tir vira la tie'ng va nhiing dan vi chi la tie'ng. Trong khi do noi den tir
Han Viet la chi nhiing dan vi tir nhu
each
dinh nghia tren va cd each doc Han
Viet. Hay noi mot
each
khac nhiing ye'u to Han Viet nao cd kha nang van
dung doc lap trong tieng Viet da duac Viet hoa cao do thi trd thanh tir dan.
Liic
nay yeu to Han Viet vira la tieng vira la tir. Con nhiing yeu to Han Viet
13
nao khong cd kha nang van dung doc lap trong tie'ng Viet thi boat dong vdi tu
each la dan vi cau tao
tijr ciia
tieng Viet (tieng) cau tao
nen
tir ghep.

vdi
til
Han Viet sau nay.
Vd:
Tir
CO
Han Viet
Bia
Bua
Buom
Buon
Buong
Tir Han Viet
Bi
Phu
Pham
Phien
Phong
Ldp
tiJ
nay duac vay muan le te, so luang it.
Hien nay trong he thong
tiJ
vung tie'ng Viet nhirng tir co Han Viet noi
tren duac su dung nhu la nhiing tir dan doc lap.
1.1
A.
Khdi niem
titHdn
Viet Viet hod.

Han Viet Viet hoa
In
Bau
Biec
l.l.S.Yeu
to goc Hdn.
Theo Gs Nguyen Tai Can "Khi noi de'n yeu to goc Han la noi den nhiing
yeu to da duac du nhap vao trong tieng
Viet,
bat luan dd la nhiing yeu to nhu
the'
nao xet ve mat quan he vdi van tu
:
nhiJng yeu to ngudi Viet cd the lien he
true tie'p ngay vdi mot
chii
Han nhu quoc
/^ ,
gia
^^
,san
Jv
, thuy
J<|C
hay
nhiing yeu to khong gay ra su lien he nhu the, vi du
miia(vdn
do vu
/>
ma ra),

ciia
Trung Quoc, nhung lai phat am theo each phat am Han Viet,
ngudi Viet vin dung de doc moi van ban viet bang
chii
Han, du dd la cua
ngudi Han hay ngudi Viet"
[33,11].
O day Gs. Phan Ngoc xac dinh: each phat am Han Viet: "dd la
each
phat
am ciia
ddi Dudng ve
chii
Han" [33,11]. Ket luan nay chua that chinh xac
nhung chiing ta cd the hieu day la each doc
ciia
ngudi Viet
ve chii
Han
, each
doc nay bit nguon tir he thong
ngii*
am tieng Han ddi Dudng.
15
Nhu vay, thuat
ngiJ "each
doc Han Viet" va "each phat am Han Viet"
gidng nhau ve noi dung chi khac nhau ve hinh
thiic
ngon

ngudi ban
ngU.
1.22.1.
Miic
dich cua
viec xdc dinh tii
Hdn Viet
dua
tren cam
thi/c ngon
ngu
Day la quan niem, theo Gs Phan Ngoc, la phu hap vdi nhan
thiJc
cua
ngudi ban
ngii
ve tir Han Viet Ho la nhiing ngudi binh thudng khong cd tri
thiJc
ngon
ngii
hoc. Ho chi dua vao boat dong
true
quan cua cac tir trong he
thong tiJ vung tie'ng Viet de nhan dien dau la tir Han Viet dau la tir thuan Viet
va cac
tiJ
nguon goc khac. Nghia la thong qua su boat dong cua cac tir trong
qua trinh giao tiep ma ngudi Viet xep loai nguon goc cac tir. Gs. Phan Ngoc
dung thao tac ngon ngu hoe de ly giai hay hinh thuc boa cai cam thuc ay.
Tir Han Viet chie'm mot so luang

tir.
Cach nhin nhan
ve
tir Han
Viet dua tren cam
thiire
ngon ngir duac Gs. Phan Ngoc trinh bay trong cong
16
trinh "Su tie'p
xiic
ngon
ngii
giiia tieng Viet va tieng Han", sau nay duac sira
chiia
va in lai trong cong trinh " Meo giai nghia tir Han Viet". Viec nhan dien
tir Han Viet dua tren cam
thiJe
ngon
ngii
theo Gs Phan Ngoc se giiip ngudi sir
dung tie'ng Viet de dang nhan dien
tiJ
Han Viet. Qua dd ho se giai nghia diing
tiJ
Han Viet,
tiJ
dd ho cd thao tac dung diing tir Han Viet trong qua trinh giao
tie'p.
Cach nhin nhan ve
tiJ

Cam thuc cua ngudi ban
ngit ve
tit Hdn Viet.
Dd chinh la each cam nhan hay an tugng ciia ngudi ban ngu ve tir Han
Viet. Trong nhan thuc
ciia
ho khong ton tai quan niem ve nguon goc khach
quan cua
tU.
Ho khong can biet den nguon gdc khach quan cua tir nay la Han
Viet, tir kia la gdc Phap. Ma ho xac dinh nguon gdc
ciia
tir thong qua each sir
dung tir dd trong qua trinh giao tiep cua chinh ho. Hay ndi mot each khac
ngudi Viet khong quan tam de'n tir nay tir kia cd nguon gdc tir tieng nao ma
chi can xem tir do giiip ho bieu dat noi dung nhu the' nao, cd dat dugc hieu
qua giao tiep hay khong. Bdi vi ngon ngu la cong cu de thuc hien qua trinh
giao tiep, day chinh la cam thuc ngon ngir cua ngudi ban
ngii
hay each thuc sir
dung
tiJ ciia
ngudi Viet,
each thiic
sir dung tir trong he thong giao tiep hang
ngay. Qua qua trinh sir dung, each
thiic
sir dung tir trong tieng Viet thi chiing
ta biet dugc
tiJ

tren quan diem lich sir khach quan ma dua tren gdc do sir dung tir trong ndi va
giao tie'p. Bdi vi that dan gian la khong phai ai ciing la nha ngon
ngii
hoc,
khong phai ai cGng bie't chinh xac
til
nay thuoc nguon gdc gi ma dd la cong
viec cua ngudi nghien curu ngon
ngii.
Cdn ddi vdi ngudi binh thudng ho
chi
can quan tam den gdc do van dung tir
ngii
dd nhu the nao de dat dugc hieu qua
giao tie'p. Tir gdc do sir dung
til
trong qua trinh giao tiep se cho ta hieu dugc
nguon gdc ciia tir: "ngudi binh thudng ndi nang va viet
lach
khong he quan
tam de'n lich sir. Anh ta ndi va viet dua vao cai cam
thiic
ngon
ngii ciia
minh.
Anh ta cam thay
til
nay thuan Viet,
tiJ
kia Han Viet, tir nay de hieu, tir kia kho

trong den nguon gdc cua tir ma
chii
trong de'n
"tinh trang hien tai
ciia
tieng Viet". Gs. Phan Ngoc da dung tren quan diem
dong dai de nhin nhan nguon gdc
ciia
tir Han Viet. Day la mot each tiep can
dua vao thuc te ton tai, sir dung tir Han Viet
ciia
ngudi Viet "tuy ma ho nhung
cd thuc". Va nhiem vu
ciia
ngudi lam meo la phai quy nhiing an tugng ma ho
18
a'y thanh cong
thiJc:
"Xin cac ban dirng trach toi bd quen lich sir, nhung vi toi
di tim cai a'n tugng Han Viet trong tam hdn toi
chii
khong phai di tim cai tir
nguyen Han Viet khach quan cho
nen
danh phai lam the" [33,14]. Nhu vay la
Gs.
Phan Ngoc da xac dinh tir Han Viet dua tren cai nhin dong dai, gdc do sir
dung
ciia
ngudi ban

te'
lich sir tie'ng Viet hien nay
tu*
thuan Viet bao gom nhiing tir
gdc Mon- Khamer nhu dot, chdy, man ; cd the la gdc Thai nhu vit.v.v. . Nhu
vay khai niem nguon gdc cua tir
ciing
chi dugc xac dinh trong mot thdi gian
lich su nhat dinh. Dieu dd cd nghia trong thuc
te'
khd cd khai niem nguon gdc
cua tir mot
each ciing
nhic.
1.2.3. Xuat phdt diem de xdc dinh nguon goc cua tit dua tren cam thitc
ngon ngii cua ngudi ban ngit.
A
^
9
J
.2.3.1.
Am tiet la dan
vi
ca sa de nhan dien.
Tie'ng Viet la ngon ngu dan lap tir khong bien doi hinh thai
nen
viec xac
dinh ranh gidi
ciia tiJ
la rat khd. Dieu nay khong chi khd khan ddi vdi nha

chia cac dm tiet tieng Viet
di/a
tren cam thuc ngon ngu.
Can
cii:
vao su ket hgp
ciia
am tiet tieng Viet ta cd am tiet khi boat dong
trong
cau
cd the la tu do hay khong tu do. Am tie't tu do la
am
tie't "boat dong
mot minh lam thanh dan vi
ngii
phap" [33,40] nd cd the dong vai trd la
chii
ngii,
vi ngu, tan
ngii,
dinh
ngii
d trong cau. Hay ndi mot each khac nd cd the
ddng vai trd la
tiJ
d trong cau . Cdn
am
tie't khong tu do la am tiet khong cd
dugc nhiing dac diem nhu tren.
Vd:Am tie't "nhan" va

thiic
boat dong can cu vao
sir
ket hgp.
Am tiet tu do: (ky hieu la A): vd: am tiet "ngudi".
Am tiet khong tu do ket hgp khong dan nhat: (ky hieu la B):vd: am tiet
"nhan".
Am tie't khong tu do ket hgp dan nhat, lay am (ky hieu la C): vd: am
tie't "do" trong "do dd",
20
Am tie't khong tu do, ket hgp dan nhat, khong lay am" (ky hieu la D):
vd:
am
tie't "a" trong "a xit".
Cach phan chia nay dua theo hinh
tbiic
"tinh hinh
thiic ciia
su phan
loai nay bieu hien d ch6
chi
can xem xet am tiet boat dong tu do hay khong,
giiia cac am tie't cd quan he lay am hay khong
ture
la dua tren nhiing quan he
ddng dai, cd trong de ngudi Viet" [33,142].
Thuc chat
ciia
su phan chia nay la dua tren kha nang ke't hop
ciia

Nhu Gs Phan Ngoc da
nha'n
manh ddi vdi ngudi ban
ngii
khong ton tai
khai niem tir co Han Viet, tir Han Viet Viet boa hay tir goc An Au. Ho
khong quan tam den nguon gdc khach quan cua tir.
1.2.4.2.Cdch
nhin nhan ve tit
thuan
Viet doi vai nguai bdn
ngit.
"Ba't ky am tiet nao boat dong tu do deu dugc xem la thuan Viet bat ke
nguon gdc lich sir
ciia
nd".[33;143]. Nhu vay cd the thay ring tir thuan Viet la
tir cd hinh
thiJc
dan tie't hoac la tir lay am. Do vay bat
ciJ
tiJ nao la
til
dan
tiet (cd mot am tie't) hoac lay am deu la tiJ thuan Viet bat ke nguon gdc lich sir
cua nd "Ro rang chir thuan Viet ddi vdi cam thurc khong lien quan den lich
sir". Khi ngudi sir dung ngon
ngii
tie'n hanh qua trinh giao tiep ho thay nd cd
kha nang van dung ket hgp tu do thi ho cho nd la thuan Viet. Do vay trong
khai niem thuin Viet nhu tren bao gom rat nhieu tir khac nhau ve mat

Han Viet cd the viet thanh
chti
khdi vuong nhung cd the boat dong tu do thanh tir dugc goi la tir thuan Viet
cac
am
tie't nay bao gom nhieu ldp nghia : Vd: Tir chi sd dem : van,
iJc,
trieu ; tir chi phuang hudng (ddng, tay) cac danh tir chi ngudi (ong ,ba co,
cau,) cac dd vat thudng
diing
nhu (nhung,ni) cac tir chi tinh chat ( cao ,thap),
cac tiJ chi hanh dong ( hoc, tap ). Rd rang day la nhiJng tir neu xet ve nguon
gdc khach quan la tir Han
Viet.
d. Moi am tiet lay am deu dugc xem la tir thuan Viet bat ke nguon
gdc lich
sii
khach quan.
Vd : thu
thap,
tir te, l6i lac, sung sudng.
Ngay ca nhiing
tCr
gdc Phap ma ngudi Viet biet hien nhien nguon gdc
cua nd ciing dugc xem la thuan Viet chi can la dan
tiet.
Khi da dugc dan
tiet boa thi nd duac coi la tir thuan Viet.
Vd : xang
,

lau. Tat ca cac am tie't tieng Viet khong ke am tiet
A^
A
lay
am
deu boat dong doc lap"
[15;
145]
. Sau nay mot tir gdc An Au muon
trd thanh tir thuan Viet
ciing
phai tuan thu nguyen tic nay . Day la ly do giai
thich vi sao ngudi ban
ngii
quan niem he la tir dan tiet thi dd la tir thuan
Viet. Do vay nhiing am tiet A dugc goi la am tiet tieng Viet. Ket luan nay
cho ta nhan tha'y khong phai
til
thuan Viet nhung khong the khing dinh ngugc
lai duac.
1.2.4.3.Cdch
nhin nhan ve
titHdn
Viet doi vai ngudi bdn ngu.
Theo Gs Phan Ngoc, trudc bet de hieu the' nao la tir Han Viet chiing ta
phai hieu the' nao la
am
tiet Han Viet trong cam
thiJc
ngudi Viet.

Nd khong the lam tir doc lap.
Vd: am tiet "nhan".
Cd the ndi:T6i biet mot ngudi.
Khong the
ndi:T6i
biet mot nhan.
Day chinh la dac diem giiip chiing ta khang dinh duac tir Han Viet
phai la tir song tie't trd len.
23
Dae diem 2: Nd cd the tao
nen
mot loat tir song tie't cd quan he vdi
nhau do quan he ngu nghia cua nd.
Vd:am tie't "nhan". Ta cd the tao nen mot loai ket hgp : nhu :
nhan vat, quan nhan , cong nhan.
" Chinh dieu dd khien cho ngudi Viet biet "nhan dan", "nhan dao" la
tir Han Viet Ciing chinh cai quan he thuan tuy hinh thiire nay ma ngudi
Viet nao ciing cd trong de khien cho ho nhan dien diing cac
til
Han Viet mac
d^u
ho khong biet mot chu Han nao va khong hoc
chii
Han" [33,143].
Va mot dieu quan trong trong dac diem cua am tiet B dd la " Tat ca cac
am
tiet B deu gdc Han
Viet,
va khong cd am tie't nao ngudn gdc khac lai
la B" [33,150]. Day la ngudn gdc lich sir khach quan

GiQa
tir "cd" va su vat cd thong thudng cd
mdi quan he true tiep. Vi am tiet "cd" cd kha nang boat dong doc lap tu do
nen
nd cd kha nang tao thanh tir. Trong khi dd tieng Viet la ngon
ngii
dan
lap khong bie'n hinh
nen
the' gidi y nghia
ciia
cac
til
trong de ngudi Viet
ddng nhat vdi the gidi y niem, the gidi cac su vat cu the. Ngugc lai am tiet
"thao"
khong ton tai doc lap de tao thanh tir nen nd khong ggi len hinh anh
true tie'p
ciia
vat quy chieu nghia cua am tiet "thao". Chi cd "cam thao",
"thao moc" mdi ton tai trong de ngudi Viet vdi tinh each
nhiJ'ng
khai niem
va nhiing hinh anh su vat cu the nen ngudi Viet
dii
khong hoc
chii
Han
ciing biet "thao" la am tiet Han Viet cdn "cd" la am tiet thuan Viet . Su
phan biet thuc te' la ddng dai ,thuan tuy dua tren quan he, tuy each ndi Han