DAI HOC
QUOC GIA
HA
NOI
TRUONG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA
NHAN \
AN
VIJ THI Hl/dNG
THAO
DAC
DIEM
CUA
CAC
BIEU
THirC THC)I (iIAN
TRONCi CAU TIEN(i
VIET
LL
AN VAN THAC SI KHOA HOC
NCJL
\ AN
Chiiyen
ngdnh:
Ly
hian ngon ngu
Md so: 5 04 08
Si^it'o'i
liiKhii^
dan
klnui Jioc
sau sac
tai
thay,
nguai
da
triac
tiep
huong
dan va giup da em hoan thanh luan
van nay.
Em cung xin
gui
lai cam an chan thanh tai cac thay c6 trong
Khoa
Ngon
ngu
hoc,
Trirang
Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha
Noi da tao
dicu kien
thuan
Igi
cho viec hoc tap va nghien
cuu
trong thai gian em
hoc tap a Khoa.
Toi xin dugc cam an ban be va nhung nguai than yeu trong gia dinh da
dgng vien va giup do toi hoan thanh luan van nay.
Ha Ngi, thang 8 nam 2005
5. Bo cue cua luan van 3
Chuong
I:
CO SO
LY LUAN LIEN QUAN DEN DE TAI 5
1.
Ve pham tru thoi gian va y
nghla
thai gian trong 5
ngon ngu'
1.1. Pham tru thai gian 5
1.2
Y nghTa ve thai gian trong ngon ngu 6
2.
Ciic
bieu thuc thoi gian trong tieng Met
13
2.1 Khai niem bieu thuc thai gian
13
2.2 Cac
loai
bieu thuc thoi gian trong tieng Viet
1
3
2.3 Tieu chi nhan dien bieu thuc thai
eian 1
5
Chuong II: DAC
DH-M
CUA CAC BIEU THUC
Tinh xae dinh va khong xac djnh
ciia
cac bieu thuc 34
thai diem
3.
Dae
diem
hinh thiic
cua cac bieu
thiic
thai diem 38
3.1.
Cac bieu thuc thai diem la tu 38
3.2.
Cac bieu thuc thai diem la danh ngu 40
3.3.
Cac bieu thuc thai diem la
gioi
ngu 45
3.4. Cac bieu thuc thai diem la lien hgp 46
3.5.
Cac bieu thuc thai diem la menh de 47
4.
Dae
diem chue nang
ciia
cac bieu thuc thai diem 47
4.1.
Chuc nang nghTa hoc 48
4.2.
ciia
cac bieu thuc thoi gian 59
CO
y nghTa thoi doan trong cau
tiengX'iet
2.1.
Tho'i
doan xac dinh \ a
khone
xac
din!i -^v
2.2.
Thai doan ngan han va thai doan dai han 61
3.
Dae
diem hinh
thirc
cua bieu
thirc
thai doan 65
3.1.
Bieu thuc thai doan la danh ngu 65
3.2. Bieu thuc thai doan la gioi
ngiJ
67
3.3.
Bieu thuc thai doan la lien hgp 68
4.
Dae
diem
cua con nguai ve cac thugc tinh cung nhu quy
luat
khach quan cua thai gian.
Trong tieng Viet, van de thai gian da dugc nhieu nha Viet ngu hgc trong
\'a ngoai nuac nghien cuu
tir
nhieu
goe
dp. Khac vol nhieu ngon ngu khac tren
the gioi, tieng Viet
hi
mot ngon
ngCr
khong bien hinh, dgng tu khong bien doi
hinh thai do do khong c6
cln'rc
nang thong bao ve thai gian trong cau. Vi vay,
khi
dc cap
den
thoi gian
Irong
tieng Viet, chung ta khong the khong noi lai
nhCmg
tu'
ngCr
c6 nghTa
ihoi
gian trong cau tieng Viet.
NhCmg
Viet'\
De tai nay se tap
trung nghien cuu chu
\-eu
\e dac diem cua cac bieu thuc thai gian trong cau
tieng
Viel
thong qua hai loai bieu
thii'c
thai gian ca ban: Cac bieu thirc thai gian
bieu thi v
nizhia
thai doan \'a v
n^hTa
thai diem.
-1
-
2.
Doi tu'ong va pham vi nghien
ciiu
Doi tugng nghien cuu cua luan van la dac diem cua cac bieu thuc thai
gian trong cau tieng Viet, tap trung vao dac diem
ciia
hai loai bieu thuc thai gian
chu yeu la thai doan va thai diem. Cac bieu thuc thai gian c6 y nghTa \e thai the
va tan so khong thugc pham vi nghien cuu cua luan van.
Di sau tim hieu dac diem cua cac bieu thuc thai gian c6 y nghTa thai diem
va thai doan, chung toi se
Ian lugt
xem xet chung ve cac mat: hinh thuc bieu
co'
so khung ly thuyet do, chung toi se tien hanh nhan dien, mieu ta
mot
each
co he
thone;
cac dac diem
ciia
hai loai bieu
thii'c
thai
2;ian
thai diem va
thai doan, tien hanh di sau phan tich hinh thuc, y nghTa bieu hien va chuc nang
cua chung.
Giai quyet dugc nhung van de tren day luan van se co
nhiang
dong gop
iihat diiih
\'e mat ly luan
\'a
thuc tien nhu sau:
Ve mat ly luan: Ket qua nghien
cii'u
cua luan van se gop phan lam sang to
them dac diem cua cac bieu thuc thai gian trong cau tieng Viet, cu the la cac
bieu thirc thai gian co y nghla thai diem va thai doan, qua do tim ra
nhCrng
dac
diem khac nhau giua hai loai bieu thuc cung nhu nhung dac diem
Nguon tu lieu cua luan van
chii
yeu dugc trich tu cac bao, tap chi, truyen
ngan So
lugng
tu lieu bao gom 780 cau, trong do bao gom 425 cau co chua
cac bieu thuc thai diem va 355 cau co chua cac bieu
thij"c
thai doan. Ngoai ra,
chung toi cung su dung mot so cau tu lieu lay tu cac cong trinh nghien cuu
ciia
mot so tac gia khac hay tu thuc te
cupc
song. Cac cau nay deu bieu hien y nghTa
thai diem
\'a
thai doan
\'a
dugc phan tich a ca hai mat dinh tinh va dinh luo'ng
nham phuc vu cho
\'icc
nghien cuu.
5.
Bo
cue eiia luan van
Ngoai cac phan
mo'
dau
\'a
ket luan. luan van bao gom ba chuong
niem
thoi gian noi chung
\'a
thoi
diC'm \'a
thoi doan noi ricng. Thong qua nhung
c]uan diem \'a nhCrng ea so
ly
t!va\ct
do
chung
ioi
phan
tich
\a de xuat cac
lieu chi
nhan
dien
hai
loiw bieu
thuc
tlio'i
gian
CO \ mzhia
thoi diem
\a
co
\ ni:hia ihoi
do.m.
Chuoni:
danh muc tai lieu tham khao, tai lieu
trich dan, va phu luc tu
Heu
khao sat.
4-
Chuong
I
CO so
LY LUAN LIEN QUAN DEN DE TAI
1.
Ve pham tru thoi gian va
y
nghla thoi gian trong ngon
ngu
LL Pham tru ihoi gian
Khai niem ve thai gian la mot trong nhung khai niem co' ban trong nhan
thuc cua con nguai. Thai gian dugc nhan
thijc
ve mat vat ly hgc, tam ly hgc,
triet hgc va ngon
ngu'.
Tu
lau
con nguai da noi den mot he thong thai gian cua
ngon
ngu"
va phan anh nhung hieu biet
ciia
con nguai ve thai gian vai
nhu'ng
chu nghTa duy vat do Lenin dua ra tren day dugc hieu
rang: thai gian ton tai khach quan va con nguai hoan toan co the nhan
thii'c
dugc
thai gian va the hien su nhan
thii'c
do vao trong ngon
ngia ciia
minh,
nhumg
su
kien dirge
dien ra trong hien thuc
ciia
khong gian va thai gian. Do vay, thai gian
cung nhu khong gian. la hinh thuc ton tai
ciia \-at
chat. Vat chat co the ton tai a
danii iTnh
hay
donii \*a
thai
sian
cun^
vav. Khi ton tai
a
dang tTnh thi thai
eian
bieu hien a y nghTa thoi
\'a
12)
(3)
Tie
nam 2001 den nay, cong
/)•
may
.V.\K
Yen Bai da co nhieu co gang
trong quan ly dieu hanh. (y nghTa thai doan)
(Bao nhan dan, so
17846,
tr 2)
(4) Thinh
thodn^
toi cung gap anh ay. (y nghTa tan so)
Noi each khac, thai gian co cac thupc tinh ve chat va lugng
ciia
no. Cac
thupe
tinh do dugc boc 16 tap trung
truoc
het
o'
bon pham
trii
ngu'
nghTa: tan so,
thai doan, thai diem va thai. Trong thuc tien, thai gian dugc coi nhu la
iiiot
dai
L2.
L Y
nghTa
thai gian trong cac ngon ngu An
A u
Trong cac ngon ngu An Au, co mot
sir
khac biet dien hinh ve
each
thuc
danh dau cac kieu y nghTa thai gian (thai, thai diem, thai doan va tan so). Trong
khi y nghTa ve thai dua tren
sir
doi lap qua
khii',
hien tai va tuang lai dugc ngu
phap hoa mot each kha triet de, qua pham
trii
thai (tense) - mot pham tru
ngu"
phap gan
lien
\'ai dang thuc
ciia
dong tu thi cac y nghTa thai diem, thai doan \a
tan so lai
chii
yeu dugc bieu hien bang cac phuang tien tu \'ung (tu) \a cu phap
(ngu, menh de ).
-6-
trii
''thai''
vai tu each la mot pham
trii ngCr
phap
ciia
tieng Anh. Khac
\'6i
pham
trii
ve thai, cac y nghTa thai
dieiii,
thai doan
va tan so
tronu
tieni;
Anh
khonii,
duo'c
bieu hien
ban" dan"
thuc cua
donu
tir ma
bang cac
do'n
vi tir vung
nhu:yesterday,
tomorrow,
now, hoac
7.2.2.
Y nghTa thai gian trong tieng Viet
Nhu da noi a tren, a cac ngon
ngir
chau Au co su phan biet ve
each thii'c
bieu thi y nghTa thai voi cac kieu y nghTa thai
diem,
thai doan va tan so trong
khi y nghTa thai
chii
yeu dugc bieu hien bang hinh thai
ciia
dgng tir (co nghTa la
dgng tir thay doi hinh thai de danh dau cac thai khac nhau) thi cac nghTa
thcVi
diem, thai doan va tan so lai dugc bieu hien bang cac bieu thuc doc lap co y
-7
nghTa thai gian: do co the la cac dan vi tir vung (tu, ngir co djnh) cung co the do
la cac dan vi
cii
phap (ngir, lien hgp hoac menh de) co nghTa thai gian.
Khac vai cac ngon ngir chau Au, trong tieng Viet tat ca cac loai y nghTa
thai gian
hCru
quan {thai, thai diem, thai
doan,
tan so ) deu dugc bieu hien bang
cac bieu thirc thai gian doc lap. Cac bieu thuc thai gian nay hoac ton tai nhu cac
don vi tu vung {hom qua, horn nay, bay
Biii
Ky, Nguyen Lan), do
anh
hiro'ng
cua tieng Phap
thirong
coi:
dcX
dang,
se\k
ba chi to danh dau y nghTa
"tluTi"
trong
ticMig
Viet.
Tu\'
nhien, theo Cao Xuan Hao [3] kho co the coi cac tir
nay nhu la bang chung cho su ton tai cua pham
trii
thai trong tieng Viet,
bo'i
\'i:
- Khong
CO sir tiro'ng
irng giCra y nghTa cua
da,
dang, se
\6i
cac y nghTa
doi lap \c thoi la qua
tlcni.
- Khi bieu hicn cac
sir
tinh
xa\'
ra trong
ijua
khir, hicn tai
htuic tircvng
kn.
cac can tieng \'ict khong nhat
ihiet
phai su dung
ccic chi
to tren
da\.
\ i du:
(10) Iloiu
qua
u'u
vJ /;//.)
luc nam
gii/.
* Horn qua toi da ve nha luc nam gia.
(11
)a. Ngdy moi anh ve que a?
- Vang, ngdy mai toi ve que.
b.
Ngdy mai anh
s£
se trinh bay long quan nhung ly giai
ciia
mot so tac gia ve cac bieu thirc co y
nghTa thai gian trong tieng Viet.
Mpl
so nha nghien ciru nhin nhan van de thai gian tir goc do
ngCr
nghTa
nhir
Phan Khoi, Dao Than, Cao Xuan Hao va Nguyen
Due
Dan v.v. Cac tac gia
na\'
coi thai gian nhu la mot pham
trii ciia
ngu nghTa va xac dinh \ai tro cua cac
dan
\'\
tir
\'imi^
trone \iec
dinh vi thai
2,ian.
Theo
[Mian
Khoi
[31,
94], thai gian trong tieng Viet dugc bieu hien
nho
cac
sir
man thuan
\'e \'iec
danh gia
\'ai
tro cua cac
phiro'ng
tien ngon ngu tren trong \
ice
dinh \i
sir
kien
ti'cn true
thai gian. Ong nhan dinh
rang, nhung "/)ho fir
chi
thoi gian" ke
ticn
clu eo tac dung "hieu
dien cdi
xac
cua thV con:
iid.
ilang.
se
mo'i
bieu hien cai
hon
cua thi. lam nni hat
cai \
94. 95]. Dieu nay cho
tha\-
ngay ban than ong cung khong
chac chan ve
\'ai
tro cua cac pho
tii"
dac biet: da. dang, se.
Con Dao Than, thi cho rang viec phan tich va mieu ta nghTa
tii'
\'ung
cua
cac til'
CO
nghTa thai gian se
giiip
chiing ta hieu sau han ve each nhan
thu'c,
chia
cat va do dem thai gian cimg
vdi
viec dien dat cac quan he thai gian trong tieng
Viet
[8,
45].
Ban ve van de thai gian trong cau tieng Viet, Cao Xuan Hao [3] nhan dinh
rana:
ticmi
Viet khone bieu hien v
n^liTa
'V/?/".
Ba chi to da, dang
vd
se
duo'c
one eoi la cac \'i tir tinh thai bieu thi the vd thuc
ciia
dong tir.
Nguyen
Dire
Dan [24] dac biet quan tam den cac phuang tien ngon
ngir
khac nhau trong tieng
\'iet
co tac dung bieu thi y nghTa thai gian nhu cac tir, cac
ket can
cii
phap. Ong goi cac
do'n
vi tir vung co y nghTa thai gian la
''(rang
tii,
trgng
ngu'"
thai gian, do la nhCrng
tii'
nhu: tudn truoe, thang sau, ngdy mai, dao
no,
luc nay, hoi do, khi do [24, 8]. Vi du:
(1-)
(thai doan
ha>'
thai diem) dien ra su kien va hanh dong.
Khac
\'ai
cac nha nghien cuu tren, trong
^'Nghien
cuu ve ngu phap tieng
Viet''
(tap 2),
Ngii\'en
Kim Than [27] phan biet mot each kha rach roi
\'e
(rang
0
ngil'
thoi gian va ho ngfr thiri
han
Theo ong. trang ngu' thai gian thuang bieu
thi thai diem cu the \'a hay
dii'ng
dau cau, nhung cung co the
tha\'
doi \
i
tri
xuong giua cau hoac cuoi cau. Vi du:
(13)
Horn nay, toi di Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
(14)
ngCr
thai
han)
(Dan theo Nguyen Kim Than, 20)
Nhung nhan xet tren day
ciia
Nguyen Kim Than cho thay:
tiiy
theo y
nghTa bieu hien
ciia
don vi
tij'
vung la thai diem hay thai doan cung nhu
tiiy
theo
\i
tri cua no trong cau ma phan biet trang ngu thai gian hay bo
ngir
thcri han.
Chuiig
quan diem \'ai
NgUNcn
Kim Than, Hoang Trong Phien cung co khi cho
rang trang ngu chi thai gian co tac dung chi pham vi thai gian, chi thai diem cu
the hay chi thai gian thuang le cua su viec xay ra trong cau va tra lai cho cau
hoi:
luc
ndo'?[\5,
127].
viec (thai diem).
(1
8) Chung ta lam viec hai gia (thcri doan).
Mot cong trinh nghien
cii'u
khac cua tac gia Du Nggc Ngan
[6,
13] cung
de cap den cac
tii'
c6 y nghTa thai gian khai quat trong tieng Viet. Trong cong
trinh
ciia
minh, Du Ngoc Ngan da phan tich
\'a
chia cac pham
trii
thai gian thanh
hai loai theo dac diem ngu' nghTa,
ngu-
phap:
*
Loai
A:
gom cac
tii"
chi thai gian khai quat nhu: khi, luc.
hoi.
dao. thua.
do,
ticng:
viia.
mai, dang, sap.
,vc~,
.NhCrng
tir
vung nhom nay dugc xac dinh trong quan he
x'oi
chu the noi, kem thai do
ciia
nguai phat ngon.
- Bao gom cac
tij-
co net nghTa thai gian nhung khong bieu thi trang thai
hay tinh chat
ciia
su \"at nhu;
chd\
dai, nhanh. chdm, sam, muon, gid, tre, ddi,
ngan,
Tuy nhien, nghien
eii'u ciia
cac tac gia co thien huang nghieng ve tir vung
ngu nghTa
ho"n
la ngu phap. Nhin lai ket qua nghien cuu
ciia
cac tac gia truac,
chimg toi nhan thay: da so tac gia tap trung tim hieu y nghTa thai gian trong
tieng Viet qua y nghTa
eian
la
nhuns
dan
\'i
tir
vuns
(tir) hav
ngir phap (ngu-, lien hgp, menh de) co chuc nang bieu thi y nghTa thai diem
ha\-
thai doan (khoang thai gian xay ra
ciia
mot hanh dong, su kien), va
giCr
\ai tro la
mot thanh to
cii
phap trong cau true cau.
2,2. Cac
logi
hieu thiic thai gian trong tieng Viet
Dua tren tu lieu khao sat cung nhu tir ket qua nghien
cii'u ciia
cac nha Viet
ngu hgc, chiing toi thay co the tam chia ra cac bieu thuc thai gian trong cau
tieng Vict thanh bon loai sau day:
- Bieu thuc thai gian co y nghTa thai the;
- Bieu thirc thai gian co y nghTa thai diem;
- Bieu thuc thcri gian co y nghTa thai doan;
- Bieu
danh dau qua chi to
''se *'c6
bieu thi thai gian tuang lai. Nhirng a vi du
(19jb.
chiing ta thay khong co su xuat hien yeu to thai the
''se''
ciia sir
kien ma thay cho
su dien dat y nghTa thai gian tuong lai ay bang phuang tien tir
\ mg ''ngay
mai"
J
-
dung dau cau ma theo Cao Xuan Hao thi no
giir
vi tri nhu mot khung de co
nhiem vu dinh vi thai gian xay ra su kien. Va khi yeu to thai gian dugc dinh vi
bai khung de thi khong can phai dung chi to thai gian
"se"
ma cau van co nghTa
thai gian [3]
Tren day chiing toi mai chi diem qua ve y nghTa
ciia
bieu thuc thai gian
CO
y nghTa thai the trong cau tieng Viet. Day la mot de tai rat rgng doi hoi phai
CO su nghien cuu cong phu, nhung do han che
ciia
luan van nen chiing toi xin
dung van de nay a day va di vao phan chinh cua luan van la neu y nghTa hai bieu
ngdy^
may
gid''
Chimg cung co cau tao la cac danh ngu, giai ngu, cac lien hgp
\
a menh dc. \'i du:
(22)
Ba
nd/Ji
nira no li)t
nghiep
dcu hoc
fidng Idm tlidnh
phu Ho Ch:
Muih.
(23)
Trow^
hai
}\'nu
do.
u.)i
da tap trung hoc tot
nu'jn
anh van.
2.2.4. Bieu thirc tan so
Bieu
thii'c
tan so dien ta tan xuat (so
lanj
xay ra su kien
tranh chung ve
bieu thirc thai gian
vii nhCmg
dac diem bieu hien cua chiing.
Tuy nhien, trong pham
\'i
nghien ciru cua luan
x'iin
nen chiing toi
chi
di
siiu
Vcio
khao sat va phan tich diic diem y nghTa
ciia
hai loai bieu thirc thoi gian
CO
y nghTa thai diem
\'a
bieu thirc thiri gian co y nghTa
thc)i
doan.
Bieu
thirc thcri
gian CO y nghTa thoi the \"ii bieu thirc thai gian co y nghTa ve
tfm
so tam thiri
chua dugc de cap den trong luan van nay.
2,3,
Tieu chi nhan dien bieu thuc thai gian
nghTa doi lap ve thai. Theo do co the phan biet cac bieu thirc
thc^i
diem theo
sir
doi lap ve thai nhu sau:
_^
-
*
Thai diem cac su kien co y nghTa hien tai. Vi du:
(26) Bay
sid chimg
ta bat dau cuoc hop
dim2
8 2id roi.
(Tac pham moi, so
3/1999.
tr 43)
(27) Dem
nay,
toi thay trong long co
sir
thdp thorn khong the ndo ngu noi.
(Lom - Son
Tiing,
tr 333)
*
Thai diem cac su kien co y nghTa qua khu. Vi du:
(28) Buoi chieu hom do Thuy di
Idm
ve rdt sam.
o
tren y nghTa thai diem dugc bieu hien gan voi
su doi lap
giira
cac thai hien tai, qua
khir,
tiromg
lai. 0 day
sir
bieu hien y nghTa
ciia
cac thai khong phu thuoc hoan toan vao y nghTa
ciia
cac don vi tir c6 net
iighTa
thai gian nhu nam, thang, ngdy ma
phtj
thupc vao yeu to phu tir sau no
nhu:
"nay"
trong "ngay
nay"
(thai diem hien tai), "ay" trong "thang ay" (thai
diem qua khu). Tuy nhien, cung co mot so it don vi tir vung bieu hien y nghTa ve
thai ngay trong ban than nghTa cua tu ma khong can
sir
xuat hien cua phu tir
nhu:
"/;/a/""
trong ngdy mai (thai diem tuong lai). Xet dac diem bieu hien
thai diem)
0 vi du (32), chiing ta thay nam 2000 dugc coi la mot bieu thirc thoi diem
khi no dugc dat trong khung canh cua su tinh doi hoi su xuat hien
ciia \eu
to
thai gian va tra lai cho cau hoi khi nao? bao gia? Va nhu vay y nghTa
\-e
thoi
diem se chi dugc bieu hien khi no dugc dat trong khung su tinh dien ra hanh
dgng va su kien. Tuy nhien,
o
vi du (33) nam 2000 lai khong phai la mot bieu
thii'c
thai diem bai trong moi quan he
sir
tinh dugc
nhae
toi no khong ham nghTa
thai gian, khong co tinh chat la thai diem
ciia sir
kien xay ra.
Mot vi du nua cho chiing ta nhan biet yeu to thai gian cua bieu thirc thoi
diem hay thai doan xay ra trong su tinh. Vi du:
(34) Bao giir anh di Hai Phong?
(35y)
Chii nhat
tdi\
toi di Hdi Phong.
Xet vi du tren chiing ta se thay su tinh dien ra dugc bat diiu bai ciiu hoi co
dai tir phiem chi chi thai gian
Cau tnic
ciia
bieu thirc thai doan dugc cau tao la so tir + danh tir, so tir +
danh tir + chi dinh tir v.v. Xet trong moi quan he vai thai diem, cac bieu thiic
thai doan co the bieu thi y nghTa thai doan
ciia
cac
sir
kien xay ra trong qua
khu, hien tai va
tuomg
lai:
* Thai doan cac su kien xay ra a hien tai. Vi du:
A
I
i^
TPijMG
T^
'-<
'
'-y
"I'-'
^^^'-' ^'^^
17
v-u^/6^-^
(36)
Murri
n^dy
hdnh qudn lien tuc
bdmy
bitSu
hien
o
thoi qua khir
do CO
sir
danh dau
ciia
phu tir
"roi",
"da". Chimg ta cung co the nhan dien
bieu
thirc thai doan trong
sir
doi lap ve thoi khi chimg ta can cir
\'iio sir
xuat hicn cua
mot so phu tir nhu: da (da ba
nani),
ro/
(ba nam roi). Chiing ta
xet
mot \ i du
nCra
CO
su xuat hien cua "da" trong bieu thiic thai doan co y nghTa qua khir. Vi du:
(41)
Chdu dm Het
giirdng
da hai nam roi.
Va ciiu tra lai
liic
nay se bieu hien a y nghTa thai doan tuong
lai khi phu tir theo sau no ham nghTa tuang lai (hai tuan nua).
(44) Mot tuan nua
Id
den
n<:dy
cuai. Nga han hd cudi
luon
mieng.
(Truyen ngan hay, 2000, tr
146)
(45) Cdn mdy
ticn_2 ddno
hd nua
Id
con tron ba muai.
(Tac pham moi,
s6
2/1999,
tr
19)
8-
(46) Sap hai nam troi
qua,
toi van chua cd dip ndo ve tham que ngoai.
Hai vi du tren la su bieu hien
ciia
bieu thirc thai doan
Id
buoi chieu
ciia
mot ngdy dm udt giua
juiia
thu.
(Dan theo
ngir
phap Viet Nam, tr
1 1
5)
(48)
U nglu
cho den bay
gijy cluuig
hieu sao lai nhu the.
(Dan theo ngu phap Viet Nam, tr I
1
5))
(49) Bdy gid
Id
ddu
nuia
dong.
(Dan theo ngu phap Viet Nam. tr
116)
(50) Tir bdy toi khong gap lai anh.
(Dan theo Ngir phap Viet Nam, tr
115)
Nhu'ng
9/1999,
tr 6)
19-
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