::y,o^.7-
\'^.
BO
(xiAO
DUG VA BAD
TAC
, > -' ^ "*
•
'^ ^
TRU6NG
DAI HOC
TONG
HOP HA
NOI
Nguyen
Cong Tao
NGKIEN COU
MOT
SO
DAC
DIEM SIIIE mii
EDO VA
T NGHIA
ntflE TE
HOC
KNK
DICE HACK
CIJA HAI LOAI OHOOT
CONG
Hettus
norvegicue

- Pho Giao su, Pho tier
a.
Le
Vu Khoi
- Pho tien si y hoc Bui Qui
Xiem
1
ivSl^^lTil^f^i
iiiii^^^
HA NOI 1993
M
U C 1
TJ
C
MO BAD
Phan
mot - TONG
QUIN
Ctiorcmgl.
ETCH SO
NGHIEN CDU
ChttongH.
DIA
DIEM NGHIEN
CUU.
OHOI
GTAN.
10 IIEU
VA PHUONG PHAP
NffilEH

liJONG
VA SU
DI
CHUYEN
CUA CHUOT CONG VA CHUOT NHA 0 NOI
THANH HA NOI
Caacms VEI.VAI TRO
CUA
CHDOT
CONG VA CHUOT NHA
0 HA NOI THONG
BENH
DICE HACK VA
EESN PHAP PHONG CHONG.
PhaD
Ba -
KET LUAN
VA DE
NGHI
Trang
2
8
22
26
45
65
90
TAI HEU OHAM KHAO
112
116

hach,
dich ta, sot
vang,
dau
mxa) thuoc dlen kiem
dich phai khai bao
quoc te«
IiLoh ,s& nhftn loal
da
ghi
nh^
nhung
vu dai
(34>ch
haoh
gay tham boa ghe
gom
lam
chet
hang trSm
tripu
nguol (Pollitzer,
1954).
Trong
ntaairng
n^
qua,
mSt
so tac
gia

(I962,
1963, 1965, 1966, 1967) ; Le Yu
Khoi
(1970,
1985)
;
Le Vu Khoi
va ct,
(l97B,
1979*
1980) ;
Geo Tan Sung va ct
(1980)

M|ic
du
vay
d^c
digm sinh thai
ho eve dj.ch
hoc cue
ggm
nham thuoc ho
tbaoc
(Muridae) 0- noi thanh Ha
llol
van
chua
duac
nghien cuu

•
1.
NghiSn ouu
d|lc
diem sinh
hoc,sinh
san va cau
true
Chung quan.
2.
Tim
hieu
qui
luat bien dpngso
lupiig,
moi quan he
giua sinh
hoc
sinh san ve bien dpng so
lupiig.
3«
X.ac
dinh khoang
each
di chuyen, pham vi boat dpng,
vai tro
tiuyen
benh dich hach cue
Chung,
4.

va be diet
trung tarn V.S.P.D
So*
Y te Ha Noi. Chung toi rat cam
cm
su
giup
da
qui bau do.
Dgc
biet chung toi xin bay to long biet
om
sau sac doi vol :
- Pho giao su, Pho tien si Le Vu Khoi, Ghu
nhi^m
Bp
mon
Dpng
v^t
co
xuomg
song khoa Sinh hpc
trubmg
D.H.T.H.
Ha Noi.
- Pho tien
a ^xx
Qui
Xiem,
Giam doc 3b y te Ha Noi.

Hieng
hp phu
chupt (Murinae) co den 70
giong,
giong Rattus co 120 loai.
Trong bp gam nham chi
o6
mot so loai co £ch con dai
da so le cec loai lam hai nong
nghiep,
lam nghiep, mang va
truyen nhieu benh dich nguy
hi
em cho
ngubl
va gie
sue
Theo thong ke
ccia
?«A.0,
hang
ngm
chupt
aB
het mot
Ixrpmg luomg thue
du nuoi song 150
triiu
nguoi.
0

6
An Dp da
CO trubmg
hp-p
chupt dao hang
duol
dubmg ray
xe lue
lam cho
xe bi
tr^t
banh (Patnasik, 1969).
Nguy
h^
hom
nua,
cac loai chupt la nguyen nhan phat
tan va truyen
nhung bpnh
dich nguy hiem cho
iis^bl»
Vu
dj-ch
ngm
1910-1911
^
chupt gay re
<y
Dong Bac Trung Quoc lam chet
2 van ngubl, 10 nam sau dich

phap phbng,
tiu
chupt.
Tu
ntaung
ngm 30 cua the
k^r
XX
da xuat
hl^n
nhung cSng
trlah
aghien cuu ve mat dp quan the, cac qui
luat
bien dpng
so luomg trong chung quan,
aye thxch
nghi cue cac loai
g^m
nham doi vol nhung bien doi co
tinh
chat chu
kl
cua dieu
ki^n
song
(Vinogradop,
1934, 1937 ;
Kalabukhop,
1937

diem sinh hpc
sinh sen cue chupt cong. Kim Dai Hung ve
Ngu
Luat,
Bons
Khiem
(1958) cho biet so lupmg phoi
mpt
lue cue chupt cong
cai b Trung Quoc
o6
the
C(D
lir
16 den
17
phoi. Theo
Anikeev
(1963) b Lien X6 co trubmg
hp'p
chupt cong cai mang toi 25
ph3i.
Nghien cuu cue J. Lhoste
(l955)
cho thay chupt cong
- 5 -
CO
the sinh san b tuoi cuoi thang thu 2. Gambarian
TrnTf
N.N.

k£
sinh tren chuot
sang ngubl.
IDu
do tren the giol co rat nhieu nghien cuu ve
benh
dj-Ch
hach (Pollitzer, 1954 ;
Bubikova,
Kolasopski,
1974;
Banmanhia, Cavanaugh, 1976 ; Kozolop, 1979 ; Almeida, Almeida
et al, 1981 }
0 Viet Nam, vao nhung nam dau cue the kl nay chi co
nhung nghien cuu ve khu he, mo
te ve
phan loei thu, trong do
CO
g^
nham cue cac nha dpng
vat
hpc
nuo*c
ngoai nhu (Morice,
1876 ; Thomat, 1927 ; Osgood, 1932
;
Bourret, 1942, 1944 )
Vao nhung nam 60 de co nhung nghien cuu ve mpt so
dpc
diem sinh hoc, sinh thai hoc cue chuot cong ve

b mpt so loai chupt thubmg
g^p
b Viet
-^am
cue
Le Vu Khoi, (1970, 1985) ; Le Vu Khoi, Nguyen Vgn
Bien,Nguyen
Anh Dung (1978) ; Le Vu Khoi, Trinh Thi
Thanh,
(1979) ; Le Vu
.
6 -
Khoi, Vu Quoc Trung,
Nguyen
Vgn Bien, (1979) ; Le Vu Khoi,
Nguyen Van Bien (1980) ; Cao Van
Sing,
Dgng '±ay
Huynh,
Bui
Kxnh,
(1980) ; Cao Vgn Sung, Nguyen Minh Tarn ve ct, (1986)
Trong nghien cuu ve sinh san, cac tac gie neu
len
khe
ngng
sinh sen quenh ngm cue mpt so loai chupt, su thay doi ve
cubmg do sinh san cua chupt qua cac thang trong ngm, sue
sinh san cue chuot va xac dinh tubi thanh thuc sinh due due
• *

thanh
phc
He Noi,
tir
ngm 1942
Bour3?et
R.
de de cap
toi
phan loei chupt
ve
oho biet ty le chupt cong tren chupt
nha le
SSiS.
Nghien cuu cue
D^
Vgn Tien, Grohopskaia (1963);
Dao Van Tien, Hoang Trong Cu (1966) ; cho thay cnupt cong
thubmg CO so luomg lorn b khu vuc chp, nhung
noi
co rac ban
cbn cnupt nha co mgt b moi sinh
canh
cung vol chuot cong
nhung b
cho*
Hom thi chupt cong
chi
em uu the, so luomg chupt
cong giam dan tu npi thanh ra

te hpc, chuot la nhom dpng vat co so luomg
loai song
gan.ngubl
nhieu nhat, la moi de
dpa
nguy hiem,
thubmg
xuyen
cho
sue
khoe con ngubl.
6 Viet Nam,
b.enh
dj-ch
hach
duoxj
phat hien tu nhung ngm
1896 b 3ai Gon, Cam Kenh, Nha Trang. Ngm 1908-1914, dich
hach no re b Phan Rang, Phan
Thiet
lam cho hang ngan ngubl
bi chet. Ngay nay benh dich hach van cbn ton tai
b
Trung bp
va Nam bo. 6 mien Bac
Viet
Nam, sau hom 3C ngm
khong
co
dich

Ducan
J.F.
Light R.H, (1970, 1971) da nghien cuu y nghia
d^ch
te
hoc
cua mot so loai thu nhb va mo te, phan loai, de
c^p
toi
a
cac dac diem sinh hoc, sinh thai hoc cue cac loei chuot b
mien Nam Viet Nam.
*
6 mien Bac Viet Nam,
Dgng
Vgn
Ngu,
Vu Thi Phan,
Nguyin
Van Chi va c. t (1973); Dao Van Tien, ftpohopskaia (1963) cho
thay su di chuyen cue chupt tu noi nay
toi noi
khac le nguyen
nhan
Ian
truyen benh
ciich
sang ngubl ve vat nuoi.
Le Vu Khoi, Nguyin Trac Tien (1975) ; Le
VQ

diem sinh thai hoc ve
dich te hpc chupt cong va chuot nha. Nghien
cixu
cue chung
toi vol muc dich bb sung cac tu lieu ve sinh thai hpc ve
dich te hoc benh dich hach cho hai loei chuot nay
b
noi thanh
Ha Noi.
- 9
"
Chuomg II
DIA DIEM NGHIEN CUU -
THOI dLAN
TU LIEU VA PHUONG
FHAP
NGHIEN CUU
I. DIA DIEM NGHIEN CUU.
Nghien cuu duoc tien hanh tren cac die diem b 4
qu^
npi thanh Ha Npi : Hoan Kiem, Ba
Dinh,
Dong Da, Hai Be Trung.
Da chpn 15 die diem nghien cuu theo nguyen tgc (Ban
do I) :
" Dea dipn
cho cac khu vuc trong npi thanh Ha Npi :
Dau moi giao thong
v^
tai,

Ian
:
N^
82 Hang Khoai, khu tap the Kim Lien,
Cira
hang Luomg
thuc 5, Ngo Thi Nham, cue hang gn uong 299 Hang Bpt,
cire
hang
Luomg thuc 373 Bach Mai.
3.
Die diem nghien cuu tai khu vuc de xay ra dich hach:
long
kho Nong san
Vinh
Tuy, nha may
banh
keo Hai
Gheu,
kho
cong
nghf
thuc pham, nha may det
8/3*
10
Npi
thanh
-
BAN DO I
-

Thbl gian
danh
bit
cnupt khac nhau
c
cec
d;^£
diem
nghien cuu :
1.
T^
cac
die
diem 2 thang dgt bay mot
Ian
: tu ngm
1979-1989.
2.
Die
diem nghien cuu 1 thang dgt bay 1
ler
: Tu
ngm 1985 - 1967.
3.
Die diem de xey ra dich hach : Tien hanh tu 1985-
1987.
III.
TU LIEU NGHIEN CUU.
Tong
BO mi.u

lifu
ve :
-
Tuanh
phan loai, su phan bo cue chuot cong ve chupt
nhe
o
cac die diem nghien cuu.
- So luomg ve bien dpng so luomg chupt.
- Do
nhiem
bo chet cue chuot.
* * •
-
Xac dinh
sir cc ragt
cue vi
khuan
dich hach (Yersinia
pestis) trong cc the chupt, bo
chet.
2.
Bla
diem nghien cuu 1 thang
d^t
bay
1
Ian
: cung
cap cac tu

0 e
J-
Hattui?
norvegicus
T?p.ttus flavipectus
r.Mif:
muncului;i
1
S
un c
ur-
m
v?^
jji
UE
,
• Tong
so
;
1
p
So
ce
tlie
b:.
t
du'O'c
?.004
1.564
86

vi hoat dpng cue cac ce the
chupt cong va chupt nha.
- Tinh so luomg cue chupt tren
bei
tinh theo phuomg
phap Jolly (1965).
- Khe ngng
phac
hoi so lupmg cue chupt sau khi dung
ba diet.
- Dp nhiem
be
chet, Y. Pestis
cue
chupt chet
tjr
nhien
ve chupt song.
IV.
PHU'dNG
PH£P
NGHIEE
Ofo
1.
Thu thap mau vat.
a- Bay
bat
song chuot : La bay long
(Hlnh la)
duoc dan

bay :
luy
theo die hinh cue die diem nghien cuu me tien hanh
dgt
bly tueo
phuomg phap sau :
-
6 ge He Npi,
can£
song He
lioi,
nhe
may
Eie He
i-pi,
Zl
nghiep Bpt hoang
Mei,
Bey
dgt
theo
nang
doc, cai no
each
cei kit 5m den
10m.
-
6
che*
r.goc

vao lue
chieu
toi ve thu
bay
vao sang ngay hom
sau. Hang ngay phai they moi, gap nhung
ngey
thbl
tlet xau
(mue) phai dgt bey lei.
d- Thu thap xac chupt chet
tjr
nhien :
Liang
luol
y te cue cac
phuoTig;
quan ve cec cc ouan xi .
nghiep
trong thanh phc, phet hien ve thu
nhgt
xac chupt chet
due
toi
phbng thi ngniem trung
tam
de xet nghiem.
2.
Phuomg phap tinh so luomg.
15

1 lo*ai)(%) ^^^^ sS bty dgt
b-
Tinh
so lupmg chupt
c6
mgt tren bai tinh bang phuomg
phap bgt song - danh
dlu
- phong the -
bft
lai.
Nghien cuu duo'c tien
haxih
tu
theng IV-198S
den thang
IZ-19eS
tren bai tinh 1 he tai nhe may benh keo Hai
Ghau,
He
Noi.
Heng tneng
dgt
bl.y tronr
5 dem lien tuc. Gac bay
dux/c d§1
c'
nhung
diem
co dinh

chuc,
chan truoc phai le hang trgm, chgn
truoc
trei la so
hang nghin (Hlnh
I.b).
Tet
ca chuot bat
duo'c
laX'
dau ve
Ian
tiep theo
duo'c
the
* .
*•
•
ra
tfd
cho
b|lt
duoc chung.
Ap
d^ng
pnuomg
phap Jolly (1965)
de
tinh so luomg
cliupt

M.
x:
m^
Uoc luomg cue
kich
thuoc chung quan vao
ngay
i (i la bat cu ngay nao trong so
nga:"
lay mau).
Uoc lupmg tbng so dpng vat duoc danh dau
trong Chung quan vao ngay
i.
Tong
30
dpng vat danh
bit
vao ngay
i.
Tong so dong vat danh dau bi bat lei vao
ngay i.
Ngoai re cbn co cac so lieu khac trong que
tilnh
nghien cuu
-
R.
: So dong vat
dupe
the re o mau thu i.
So dpng

+
z,
E,^
^ ^
Tong so dong vet danh dau trong chung ouan
Vi Tong
ebung
quan
=
Ty le
enung
quan
bi
danh dau
M
Nen
N.
=
^i
vl ty le
dpnQ
vat danh dau
=
Tong so dong vat danh d|u
b|t
ngey i
trong Chung quan vao ngay i Tong so dpng vat
bit
ngay i
m^.

chi so phong phu cue cec
loai chuot b cac die diem nghien cuu.
-
D^c
diem cue cac sinh cenh nghien cuu b He Npi:
Dieu
ki^n
tnue gn,
noi
cu tru,
dc
nhiet am, dieu kien ve
sinh moi trubmg,
su'
tec dpng cue con nguol.
4.
Phuomg phap
xir li
mau vat trong phbng tni nghiem.
Cho
bai'
00
chupt vao tui
vki trlng
mang ve phong thi
nghiem.
Gilt cnupt bang kep cb, tiem formalin, cho vao tui
nilon,
thung kin ve
ga.y nget

«
Bang
thuoc day vai
hoac
thuoc nhom gap ve compe,
-
/19
lay dom vi do
chieu
dai la
mi lime
t, 4 so do chinh le :
- Chieu dai than (L) : Do tu dau
lo
mui
den
giua
lo
h^u
mon, di theo
m^t
b;;Lng.
-
Chieu
dkl
duoi (C) : Do tu giualo
h^
mon fien dau
mut cung cue dot song duoi.
- Chieu dai ban chan sau

cung mpt
d^e.
diem thu
bit
trong coi su vol mpt it (iung
ciich
NeGl
dang truomg. Ley
c^^ung
dicn do tiem cho
ctiupt
bach ve
quan sat trong 7 ngay. Neu chupt bi nhilm khuan
d^oh
hach,
thubmg sau 5 ngay no se chet. Neu khong cb vi khuan
dich
hach
xam
nh^p,
10-15 ngay sau khi tiem chuot van khoe manh.
- Phan lap vi khuan
dich
hach tu gen,
lach
chupt : Theo
thubmg qui cue
Vign
V.S.D.T.
elt

t
- Chupt
CO
chua : Dau vu thay
x6
hom, tuyen
sire
to ra,
xung quanh dau vu chue
tryii
long, bop dau vu chue co sue tilt
ra.
- Chupt
demg
nu5i con : Dau vu lorn, long xung qUanh
dau vu thue
ho^c
trui
hit.
Khi
an
len tuyen sue
thi
dau vu
vubm ra va tilt re sua.
- Chupt da thoi nuoi con : Dau
vu
Ion,
dai,. den, xung
quanh bau vu co the co long bao phu, bau sue khong lorn

d^o
hoi
sung len,
tt
cung mo rpng ra mot chut.
- Ghupt cb chue :
it
ngay trung bgt dau thu
tfcinh
den
ngay thu 5, viec
xec
dinh
s^
co chua chi due vao the
vang.
Kich thuoc
tir
cung van nhu khi chua co chua.
Cnuot cb chua,
dim
so lupmg phoi o 2 nhanh
cUe
tu cung.
Co the
CO
phoi
bi
teo, khi do so lupmg phoi trong tu cung it
hom so the vang trong bubng trung.

kl vet nhau
bSt
dau
Ign
di se kho phan biet vet
nhau
c'
cac
lira
de khac nhau de
lau.
Trong
truc'ng hq*p
do car
dem toan bp so luomg cac vet nnau
mo^
nhat do de biet tbng so
con da de re.
+ Truong
hop trong tu
cun^
06 phoi
cunt paai
cang tu
cung xren
Ian.'
kinx dl xem
xet c6 vet nhau cua lue de truoc
uay
khong.

y
cuin.
Ong dan tinh xuat phat tu phu dich hoan do vao ong dan
nieu Chung.
Trutyc
cho nga ba co ong cua doi tui tinh do vao
ong dan tinh.
- 6 ciaupt
d\xo
non : Dich hoan nam trong xoang bung cho
ben con vat.
(3ng
phu
dicli
hoan khong thay rb ve khong cb mau.
22
- 6 chupt
due
de
truong
thanh sinh due. Dich hoan tut
luoag
tui de o phie
duo'i
gbc
duoi.
Dung keo tach phan phu
dich hoan ra khoi dich hoan,
dung
compa hoac

dich hoar co mau vang
nau,
khong thay tinh trung
c pau dicL
hoeii.
6.
Phuong
phap xac
dinhtu6i«
Xac dinh
tuoi.
cue chupt
dua
tren muc dp phat
trier.
tranc thai co quan sin;-
due kit ho*p vc'i
so
ao
chieu dai
tnai;
.'. • CUB
con vat nhu de mo te
c
tren.
Chuo*np:
III
DAC TRUNG TONG QUAT VE DIEU KIEN TU
NEIEN
VA XA HOI THANH PHO HA NOI

ngpn
dpi, nui
o
khu vuc
ngoai
thanh,
do cec ret it thay doi
tu-3m
den 15m.
2.
ILhi
hau.
Thee
Vv.
Ixv
Lap
(1976),
He Npi nam
tronf
vun^
cb khi
hau nhiet
do'i
gib mua.
a- Nhiet do :

-
.
Theo thong bao cue
nh.B

the giam
tcri
5^C
-
7^C
keo
dsi
tu 5 den 12 ngay.
Tu thang 3 den thang 5
duo'c
xem la mua xuan, nhiet dp
am ap
hcxn
song van con
cc)
nhung dot gib muaDong Bac
lenh.