GRAMMER : UNIT 7 (Grade 12)
CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION
I- CLAUSE OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
Definition: Là mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề trong câu. Bắt đầu bằng : although,
though, even though, even if (mặc dù) + clause.
Ex1: He was lazy. He passed the test.
-> Although he was lazy, he passed the test.
Ex2: We had a picnic. The weather was bad.
-> We had a picnic though the weather was bad.
II- PHRASE OF CONCESSION: (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
Bắt đầu bằng IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE (mặc dù) sau nó là một cụm từ (phrase) có thể là cụm
danh từ hoặc cum danh động từ.
Ex1: Despite studying hard, he failed the final test.
Ex2: We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather.
III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề
thành cụm từ)
1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là một đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj khi đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi
chủ từ thành tính từ sở hữu (possessive adj), đổi tính từ thành danh từ.
Ex1: Although he was lazy, he passed the test.

Despite his laziness, he passed the test.
Ex2: Though he was poor, he lived a happy life.
2- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là danh từ (noun) + be + adj khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ Be, đổi chủ từ
thành sở hữu cách (possessive case), đổi tính từ thành danh từ.
Although
Though + Clause (S + V …)
Even though
Even if
IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase
Subject (pronoun) + be + adj
Possessive adj + noun

Gerund phrase
III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề
thành cụm từ)
- Cách đổi mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân sang cụm từ giống như cách đổi mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng
bộ sang cụm từ
Ex: I catch cold because I went out in the rain yesterday.
I catch cold because of going out in the rain yesterday.
EXERCISES:
Exercise 1: Combine each pair of sentences below, using the conjunction given in brackets.
1. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (although)

2. She couldn’t answer the question. She is very intelligent. (though)

3. He tried. He was not successful. (though)

4. His life is hard. He determined to study well. (although)

5. He was wise and experienced. He was not taken in. (though)

Exercise 2: Change the clause of concession to phrase.
1. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.

2. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this
machine.

3. We did the test well though it was difficult.

4. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.

5. The plane took off though the weather was bad.

10. I like him because his father is kind to me.
Exercise 4 : Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each unfinished sentence
1. ______ we were in town , we often met him .
a. For b. Although C. So d. When
2 . She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications .
a. because b. although c. so d. but
3. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry .
a. even though b. in spite c. despite d. in spite the fact that
4. In pite _____ , the baseball game was not cancelled .
a. the rain b. of the rain
c. it was raining d. there was a rain
5. ______ he had enough money , he refused to buy a new car .
a. In spite b. In spite of c. Despite d. Although
6. ______ , he walked to the station .
a. Despite being tired b. Although to be tired
c. In spite being tired d. Despite tired
7. The children slept well , despite _____
a. it was noise b. the noise c. of the noise d. noisy
8. She left him __________ she still loved him .
a. even if b. even though c. in spite of d. despite
9. _______ her lack of hard work , she was promoted .
a. In spite b. Even though c. in spite of d. despite of
10. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like .
a. Although b. Even c. Despite d. In spite of
11. We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces ________ we must also think of our
environment .
a. despite b. though c. as though d. but
12. ______ some Japanese women are successful in business , the majority of Japanese
companies are run by men .
a. But Even if c. If d. As though