HỌC VIỆN NGOẠI GIAO
KHOA TIẾNG ANH
ĐẶC TRƯNG NGÔN NGỮ - VĂN HÓA CỦA HÀNH VI
CHÀO HỎI TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT
Hà Nội, tháng 12-2011
HỌC VIỆN NGOẠI GIAO
KHOA TIẾNG ANH
ĐẶC TRƯNG NGÔN NGỮ - VĂN HÓA CỦA HÀNH VI
CHÀO HỎI TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT
Hà Nội, tháng 12-2011
!
CHƯƠNG I: MỞ ĐẦU
1.1 Lý do chọn đề tài:
"#$%&'"#(&)*%+,)"-./.0&'12#3).4&5%63&7"899.#:&;<&=&''#/>9#?77"@#+#
;4A2B#2C&"#:%D#?92$&'E&&'FG,"H#'IJ#"K)&'>L#&'FA%C&9=&')IJ&'+IM)
;"@&=&''#/>9#?79.>&'&'E&&'F+N)"9"O)P&7"@#&Q&')/>2C&"#:%D#?92$&'E&&'F
G,"H#(&)L&"&"F&';"R;"=&2$&'F7"871)S%9.T)1"/6&'FQA1&'IJ#"K)&'>L#
&'F)U&'V7;"R;"=&9.>&'2#3)WXYZ&'&'E&&'FAH9)8)"7"["M75#(&\%/&9B#)8)
9"]&"&'F"/6\%67"LA2=&"R/)^/&'E&&'F+N)""_>%A7_.`9"Oa'IJ#b&"F&'
&$&2=&"R/;"8))R)8)"'#/>9#?7;"8)&"/%"F&';"8)D#392$2=&"R/)R9":'Q6&(&
;"R;"=&Yc&+?&9"S9DL#9.>&''#/>9#?7d
"]>"e#)f&'&"I&"F&'"]&"+H&'&R#;"8)9":"#3&+V)9.I&'2=&"R/)^/Ag#
YQ&9H) R.S9&"#$%)8)")"]>"e#;"8)&"/%h&"F&'&IB)7"Ii&'Q6&"Ij"871Q6
/&"/"/6k1AK#&'IJ#9"IJ&')"]>DL&D4D0&')8)"9./>&"/%&Z"E&A89.>&';"#
+Rb.%&'lE&'1&'IJ#m#'#8>9"IJ&'EA&'IJ#)[&''#B#;"#"K)"]>&"/% U&
&"F&'&'IJ#)"Q%n"F&'&'IJ#b+S9&IB))"Q%9"IJ&';"8;N&+8>1Y>+R)8)"
5y1G,"H#12=&"R/)^/"]&"+H&')"]>"e#9.>&'9#?&'&"19q+R&Q&')/>&=&'5r)2]
"#3%\%@'#/>9#?7&'E&&'F2]Yt)"9"%o91+:&"o&.~)8#+T&'1)8#"/69.>&''#/>9#?7
&'E&&'F?9\%@&'"#(&)*%'R77"P&5]A7">&'7"T9"(A2C&"#:%D#?92$2=&"R/
)"]>"e#9.>&'9#?&'&"2]9#?&'#391\%/+R'#T79#?7&"o&2]WXYZ&'+IM)&'E&&'F
&]6AH9)8)""#3%\%@
1.4 Đối tượng và phạm vi của nghiên cứu
'"#(&)*%9o79.%&'2]>"]&"2#)"]>"e#9"E&'\%/)8)5J#)"]>"e#7"zD#?&1+IM)
Y[&'9"E&'YZ&'9.>&''#/>9#?79"IJ&'&"o99.>&'9#?&'&"2]9#?&'#39.K&'9QA
)^/&'"#(&)*%5]9o7"M71"39"C&'"R/17"Q&9N)"+V)9.I&'2=&"R/•&'E&&'F2]+V)
9.I&'2=&"R/•G,"H#)^/)8)5J#)"]>1W>W8&"2];"8#\%89"R/&"F&'&w99Ii&'+m&'
2]YtD#39)^/&"F&'5J#)"]>"e#9.>&'9#?&'&"2]9#?&'#39
"E&'&0A9.>&'7"LA2#&'"#(&)*%)^/+$9]#5]&"F&'5J#)"]>A/&'9N&")"S9)8
D#391+V)9.I&')">AH9&"RA"/6AH9WC+C#9IM&')8D#392]&"F&'5J#)"]>A/&'9N&"
&'"#5v+V)9"[9.>&'\%Q&+H#19E&'#8>)f&'&"I&"F&'IB)53)"]>"e#\%/+#3&9">L#
2]&"F&'"O&"9"*)'#/>9#?7D0&'&'E&&'FQA9"/&"2]2=&D@&;"8)9.(&AL&'
1.5 Phương pháp nghiên cứu
'IJ#&'"#(&)*%5r/)"K&7"Ii&'7"87&'"#(&)*%+t&"5IM&'2]+t&"9N&")">
D]#9#:%5%o&19.>&'+R)"^6?%WXYZ&'7"Ii&'7"87+t&"9N&"XYZ&'7"Ii&'7"87
+t&"9N&"+:+#7"Q&9N)"1W>W8&")8)+V)+#:A)"N&"1)8)AE"O&"2])8)"WXYZ&')8)
5J#)"]>9.>&'9#?&'&"2]9#?&'#39j"Q&9N)"1W>W8&")8)+V)+#:A)"N&"1)8)AE
"O&"2])8)"WXYZ&')8)5J#)"]>9.>&'9#?&'&"2]9#?&'#39lV9&'E&&'F•2B#9I
)8)"5]AH99.>&'&"F&'"]&"2#)^/)>&&'IJ#•2]>9O&""%C&')Z9":2]9"E&'\%/+R
&(%+IM)+V)9.I&'2=&"R/•&'E&&'F2]2=&"R/YQ&9H))^/5J#)"]>"e#9.>&')@"/#
&'E&&'F"8#\%89)8)&w99Ii&'+m&'2]YtD#39)^/5J#)"]>9.>&'9#?&'&"2]9#?&'
#392]9q+R+I/./AH9WC'M#y)">2#3)YL62]"K)9#?&'&"
j"Ii&'7"87+t&"5IM&'+IM)&'IJ#2#?9WXYZ&'+:9"%9"o719"C&';()8)9]#
5#3%9#?&'&"2]9#?&'#39)R5#(&\%/&9B#+$9]#.O&"D]6)8)&'"#(&)*%A/&'9N&"
)"S95y5%o&15]A)iWb)">&'"#(&)*%
'%m&9]#5#3%)"^6?%)^/D]#&'"#(&)*%+R5]W8)"9"/A;"@>)R5#(&\%/&+?&
)"^+$&'"#(&)*%2])8)&'%m&&9_.&_9+8&'9#&)o6
)"%p&9})1)RYL&'G8)+t&"19"E&'\%/)8)5J#)"]>l#$%;#3&Y%6&"S9+C#2B#2#3)9":
"#3&AH95J#)"]>1+R5])8)+C#98)'#/>9#?77"@#'V7&"/%#3)9"r)"#3&"]&"2#&'E&
&'F„'.__9„•Hi!, Hello!‚Wu9"]&")E&'&?%&'IJ#&'"_&}A+IM);#:%)"]>+R2]9r"#:%
.0&'+R5]5J#)"]>Y]&")">AO&"
b) "E&'\%/WXYZ&'9"]&"9"R#\%_&1)8)D#:%9"*))"]>"e#+IM)'#@A9"#:%9"]&"&"F&'
)ZA9qG,'#/>1;"%E&Ac%]&"2#&'E&&'F„'.__9„Y>+R;"E&'+IM)G_A5]"]&"2#
9L>5J#•5>)%9#>&/.6/)9‚9"r)Wrl/7"P&)8);#:%)"]>"e#1)"s&'"L&&"I„_55>‹„+$%
;"E&'A/&'&'"x/1)"*)&=&'YZ&'"K))^/)"T&')"-+IM)9":"#3&;"#)"T&'+R&'2/#
9.U5]AYS%"#3%9.>&'&"F&'&'F)@&"2=&"R/&"S9+t&"&'IJ#&"o&5J#)"]>&"o&9"S6
AO&"+IM))"]>2]+875L#
2.2 Các lời chào
8)5J#)"]>5])8)+i&2t5J#&R#5]A7"Ii&'9#3&D#:%+L9)8)"]&"2#)"]>"e#&R#
9.(& 8)7"89&'E&)"]>)R&"F&'+V)+#:A&"S9+t&"
1) "*&"S91)8)5J#)"]>5])8)7"89&'E&A/&'9N&"&'"#9"*)19*)5])8)7"89&'E&
7"Z)2Z)">&"F&'"]&"2#*&'GXA/&'9N&"&'"#9"*)"O&)"%&')8)">L9
+H&'A86AR)A/&'9N&"\%6IB)+IM)'K#5]&'"#9"*)1)8)">L9+H&'&]6)R9":
+IM)Y#v&9@D0&')X)"-">V)&'E&&'F
2) "*"/#1)8)5J#)"]>5]AH97"P&5%E&"#3&Y#3&9.>&''#/>9#?7"0&'&']61)"T&'
5]&"F&'&'"#9"*)9"IJ&'&"o91)R"/#+V)9N&"•/‚+V)9N&"+C#9">L#2]•D‚+V)
9N&"9./>+z#
•a‚lV)9N&"+C#9">L#)^/5J#)"]>+U#"e#Wr9./>&"o&2]9.@5J# "q&'&]>AH95J#
)"]>+IM)9"r)"#3&9"O)RAH95J#)"]>+875L#1+Q65]+#$%;#3&.S9\%/&9.K&'!J#
)"]>+875L#+IM))>#&"I6?%9C9"*"/#9.>&'9.O&"9r1&?%;"E&')R&R1.S9)R9":+R
Wu5]YS%"#3%)^/WrDS9&",">V)GT)7"LA
•b‚lV)9N&"9./>+z#)^/5J#)"]>9L>&(&AH9;"%&'\%/&"9Ii&'98)'#/>9#?7]&"
2#)"]>2B#9I)8)"5]AH9"]&"2#&'"#9"*)5]AH99":9r&"#(&)R"/#9"]&"7"P&
W/%5J#)"]>7"@#5]AH95J#)"]>+875L#1)"T&')R9":\%/&"3+C#G*&'">V);"E&'
+C#G*&'2B#&"/%lC#G*&'&"/%5]YL&'9"*)+P%D0&'2B#YL&'9"*)7"@&*&'1
&'"x/5]5J#)"]>+875L#5]Wr5V75L#9q&'9q)^/5J#)"]>+P%'K#5]YL&'9"*))H&'
"Ib&'lV)9N&")H&'"Ib&')^/7"89&'E&)"]>+IM)A#(%9@&"I5])8))V7+E#5#$&
2.4 Các tiêu chí lựa chọn lời chào
"I9.(&+,+$)o715J#)"]>9":"#3&AC#5#(&"3G,"H#)^/+C#98)'#/>9#?7./D0&'
5J##3)"#:%19#?7&"o&2]WXYZ&'+IM))8)5J#)"]>"e#AH9)8)"7"["M72])R)"^
+N)"5]+#$%;"E&'YvY]&'"#$%6?%9C+,'#8&9#?72]Ž">V)5]9.r)9#?79"/A'#/2]>
2#3)5r/)"K&AH95J#)"]>+:9"#?95o71Y%69.O"/6;?99"T)AH99Ii&'98)'#/>9#?7
2.4.1 Tương tác xã hội
#3)5r/)"K&AH9YL&'9"*))"]>"e#&"S9+t&"5#(&\%/&9B#2#3)5#3%AC#5#(&"3G,
"H#)R)"V9)"u"/6;"E&'1;">@&')8)"'#F/)8)+C#98))"]>"e#5B&"/6&"e•%/&"3
2t9"?9.>&'G,"H#5]\%/&"3*&'GXG,"H#9"_>AH99E&9#9.o99r)R9"*Do)9.(&•YIB#1
)/>•9"S7.>&')H&'+m&'&'IJ##3919Ii&'98)G,"H#+R&'2/#9.U\%/&9.K&'1)"#
7"C#Wr5r/)"K&AH95J#)"]>;"#'V7AV92];"#)"#/9/61+m&'9"J#)"-.~A*)+H9"Q&
Ao92]9"#3&)@A'#F/&"F&'&'IJ#)"]>"e#&"/%
2.4.2 Hoàn cảnh giao tiếp
>]&)@&"'#/>9#?75]9>]&DH&"F&'&"Q&9CG,"H#1&'E&&'F5#(&\%/&9B#)"^9":
'#/>9#?72]+C#9IM&''#/>9#?71+m&'9"J#'}&5#$&2B#)S%9.T)&'E&9q)^/AH99Ii&'
98)'#/>9#?7
8)7"89&'E&)"]>"e#+IM)Y[&';"8)&"/%9.>&'&"F&'">]&)@&";"8)&"/%2B#
&"F&'y&'"x/;"E&''#C&'&"/%2];"E&'">8&+z#)">&"/%1;"E&'Y[&'9"/69"?&"/%
[69"%H)&'F)@&")Z9":15J#)"]>)U&)R9":Y#v&9@AH9&#$A2%#1WrA-/A/#1
9"#3&)@A"/68))@A
2.4.3 Thời gian
.>&'9#?&'&"1)8)5J#)"]>'V7AV97"Q&D#39&"/%2$9"J#'#/&"_>+R)R
„Good morning!„ "]> D%z# W8&'1 „Good afternoon!„ "]> D%z# )"#$%‹ 2] „Good
evening!„ "]>D%z#9C#‹1+IM)5r/)"K&7"["M72B#9"J#'#/&G@6./'#/>9#?7
2.4.4 Chiến lược giao tiếp
"#?&5IM)'#/>9#?75]7"Ii&')"QA2]D#3&7"87WXYZ&')8)"]&"2#&'E&&'F
9.>&''#/>9#?715]A)">)%H)'#/>9#?7Y#v&./9"%o&5M#1Yv)"t%19"_>9.O&"9r&"S9+t&"
2]+_A5L#"#3%\%@A]'#/>9#?7+V9./
"*&"S9"_>)8)""#:%&"I9.(&1)"#?&5IM)'#/>9#?75]'#T7)"K&AE"O&")"]>
"e#2])8)"GI&'"E&]>5]7"["M7.>&'9#?&'#391Y]&")">&'E#9"*"/#9.r)Y#3&)R