SO3(185)-2011
NGON
NGLT & 061
S6NG
15
NGOAI NGU VOI BAN NGU
NHU'NG LOI
THl/dNG
GAP TRONG CACH VIET
DOAN VAN CUA
NGU'dl
HOC TIENG ANH
(Trito^ng
hcfp sinh vien
tri^cfng
DHKHXH & NV, DHQG HN)
LAI TH!
PHLfONG
THAO
(ThS, Khoa tieng Anh, DHNN, DHQG HN)
Trong qud trinh dgy mdn tieng Anh ca sd
vd chdm bdi viet dogn vdn trong bdi thi het
mdn
ciia
sinh vien, chiing tdi nhgn thdy chdt
lucmg bdi viet dogn vdn eua sinh vien khdng
cao vd sinh vien mdc khd nhieu ldi trong bdi
viet
nhic
ldi ve cdch viet dogn vdn,
ngic

Ngoai viec gidi thieu va luyen tap cac kT
nang nghe, dpc, noi, kT nang viet (dac biet la
vi^t
doan van) dugc danh mgt lupng thdi gian
dang ke ca tren ldp va bai tap ve nha: khoang
1/5 thdi lupng cua chuong trinh hpc theo de
cuong mon hpc. Phuong phap chu yeu la theo
phuong phap san pham (product approach):
(1) cac ngir lieu dugc cung cap (ca ve npi
dung va mau bai viet); (2) phan tich dac diem
eua bai mau; (3) tai hien bai mau vdi npi
dung tuong tu. Cac bai viet eua sinh vien
duge giao vien thu ve nha cham va tra lai
kem nhan xet chi tiet. Diem so cua cac bai
viet dugc diing cho dau diem danh gia thudng
xuyen. Trong moi hgc ki, sinh vien duge
cham toi thieu mgt bai viet.
Ket thuc mon tieng Anh A2, sinh vien eo
kha nang viet dugc mpt birc thu trang trpng
hoac than mat; viet mpt doan van theo yeu
cau (mieu ta hay tudng thuat) vdi each sir
dung ngon
ngil phii
hgp nhu dimg tir noi eau,
noi y, cac dau hieu ehuyen y ket hap vdi viec
sir dung linh boat va chinh xac cac van de
ngir phap da hpc nhu cac thi, cau true cau bi
dpng, cau dieu kien hay eau c6 menh de quan
he
KT

viec hpc cac chuang trinh
tieng Anh eao hon.
Tir thue
t§
tren, ehiing toi nhan thay rang
can phai co mpt nghien cuu ve cac loi thong
thudng trong cac bai viet cua sinh vien sau
khi ket thuc mon Tieng Anh ea sd, dac biet
mon Tieng Anh A2. Tir do, chiing toi god y
mpt so giai phap nham giup sinh vien nang
cao
kT
nang viet va ban ehe cac loi trong bai
viet
eiia
minh trong qua trinh hpc mon Tieng
Anh tiep theo.
7.2. Muc dich nghien cim
Nghien cim nay dugc thirc hien vdi muc
dich:
1.
Nhan dien va phan loai nhiing loi
thudng gap trong bai viet
ciia
sinh vien sau
khi ket thuc mon Tieng Anh A2.
2.
De xuat cac giai phap mang tinh ggi y
de giao vien co the ap dung trong eae gid day
kT nang viet (cu the trong hai chuong trinh

cicu
Nghien eim nay dugc thuc hien vdi cac
phuang phap:
- Thu thap ca sd li thuyet: Cac co sd li
thuyet trong nghien cim nay tap trung vao cac
van de nhu: cac thanh to tao thanh qua trinh
viet, cac yeu to anh hudng den kha nang viet
cua sinh vien, cae ca
sd
de danh gia mpt bai
viet.
- Tong hgp phan loai doi tupng: Tir viec
chpn ngau nhien 100 bai viet
ciia
sinh vien
trong tap bai thi het hpc phan mon Tieng Anh
A2,
cac loi trong bai viet cua sinh vien se
dugc phat hien, tong hop va sau do phan loai
theo tan suat xuat hien trong cac bai viet.
2.
Giai quyet van de
2.7.
Ca sd li thuyet
2.1.1.
Cdc thdnh td eua qud trinh viet
Tuy sir dung cac tir ngil va trinh tu khac
nhau, hau het cac hpc gia (Raime, A. (1983);
hay Brown, H.D. (1994)) deu thdng nhit
rang, qua trinh viet la mpt qua trinh phirc tap

lire
va
thai dp hpc tap tfch
cue
c6 vai tro to ldn doi
vdi kit qua hpc tap cua ngudi hpe. Chinh vi
th6,
giao vien co the la ngudi
chii
dpng tac
dpng
din
dpng luc va thai dp cua sinh vien
thong qua: (1) khuyen khich tham gia vao bai
hpc;
(2) da dang cac boat dpng, bai tap va tai
lieu day
hpc.
, ;;:
SO3(185)-2011
NGON
NGQ
&
OOl SONG
17
- Sd thich/ thoi quen hpc tap: Cum tir nay
dien dat chien luge, thoi quen, sd thich khac
nhau eua timg ea nhan ngudi hgc nhim hoan
thanh nhiem vu hpc tap.
Trong qua trinh day mpt ki nang nao d6,

trang
112)
dua ra mpt tieu chi danh gia
bai viet mpt doan van vdi mpt loat cau hoi
lien quan den cae thanh to
ciia
qua trinh viet:
Dang thiic
1.
Bai viet co dung mau
ichong
(de le,
liii
chir dau
dong)
To chuc bai viet
2.
Bai vilt co cau ma bai hay va
phii
hop khong?
3.
Cau chu de co gioi han y ro rang khong?
4.
Cac cau phat
triSn tiSp
theo co lam ro y chinh neu trong cau chu de khong?
5.
Doan
vSn
co

Nguoi viet co diing chir cai viet hoa khi can thiet, co loi chinh ta khong?
12.
DSu phay dugc
diing hgp li khong?
13.
Cac thi cua dgng tir dugc diing diing chua?
Cau triic cau
14.
M6i
cau trong bai vilt da co du
chii ngif
va dgng tir, va da diln dat mgt y trgn ven chua?
15.
Cac dgng tir da dugc hgp vai chii
ngir
chua?
16.
Doan van co sir dung cac cau triic cau da dang va hgp li khong?
2.2.
Ket qud khdo sdt
2.2.1.
Tdng hap
vdphdn
tich ldi trong bdi
viet
Nhu da trinh bay d muc
1.4,
100 bai viet
ciia
sinh vien trong bai thi het mon Tieng

in love her picture even
before.
Mark Twain was also a very successful
lecture. His travel around the country giving
take on a variety in subject help
him
famous.
He death in 1909, when he was
74year
old" .
18
NGON
NGiJr& 001
SONG S6 3(185)-2011
Mpt sinh vien khac viet nhu sau:
"Bill Gate is a men very rich and famous.
He
Mas
born in
1955
at New York-America.
He 's father was doctor.
He's
mother work for
a bank.
Now, He live near Oasington lake with
he's
family. "
Qua vi du tren, ta eo the ket luan rang sinh
vien khong nam duge dang thire

Vi du:
''Now
in America literature is more
ftimous or more loved than Samuel Clemens.
He
M'as
born in Missouri in 1835, he grew up
on the banks of the Mississipi River. "
"American is the country development.
American history hove been very much
characteristics attention. Washington who
have much atttention
to.
"
Cdu phdt trien
chii
de (supporting
sentences)
Theo nhu thong tin yeu cau viet, sinh vien
phai viet ve: gidi thieu ve ten, tuoi,
(introduction),
sir
nghiep
liic
con tre, cupc
song rieng.
sir
nghiep sau nay. Tuy nhien, den
YA
bai viet thieu npi dung bai viet theo yeu

'Now,
there are many famous person.
They can famous for actor,
writer,
or an
invention, a discover
Maria Trollop is a writer. She was born in
1843 and died in 1910. She has written many
book, "
Mpt vai sinh vien khac viet:
'
George
Washington was born in 1732 at Virgania.
His family lived at countryside. " .' " She
is
ahvays
phone with I and noise
she's
life
beautiful in Ho Chi Minh City. She is famous
and
vejy
good.
I love
you,
a good
friend's.";
"American is the
eountiy
development.

nhung dien dat hai y hoan toan dpc lap,
khong
CO sir
lien ket.
Hon nira tinh thieu thong nhat con the hien
d each sir dung dai tu. Co nhieu sinh vien
dang vilt ve ngudi khac thi lai de cap den ban
than minh: Vi du nhiing cau tren dang su
so
3
(185)-2011
NGON
NGI/&06l
SONG
19
dung dai tir she, sau d6 lai chuyin sang sir
dung
we,
hay you.
Ngfr
phap va kT thuat vilt (Grammar
and Mechanics)
Ve viec diing dau ngdt cdu (dau cham,
dau phay, ddu chdm phay, ) vd quy tdc viet
hoa
Tuy da ket thuc chuong trinh Tiing Anh
A2 (giao trinh New English Pre-
intermediate), nhung each sir dung dau ngat
cau cua sinh vien van chua thanh thao. Vi du:
" He was born in Missouri in 1835, he

is famast when he 25 whit miss
very good and watching "; " Now, He is
fimast
we was but He exacting and help
people."; "eompertion",
"chird",
"always",
•
'performance
", "
ehildrent'',
' Michale
Jackson"; "althought",
"Pari",
"He and his
family
helf
Hanoi", "hight",
"achived",
"
hards", "farmous",
"albuU",
"poe", "cant",
v.v.
Nhin chung, hien tugng sai ve chinh ta
xuat hien d hau bet cac bai viet cua sinh vien.
Dieu nay chimg to, von tir vung
ciia
sinh vien
con rat ban ehe, va sinh vien chua dau tu thdi

dpng tir va thi
ciia
dpng tir: " He
listening the 7 languages", " He is kink and
love",
" He sing beautiful and good expeneial
he is very handsomes";" His mother is
Name's Hoang Thi Loan", "1 loves Michale",
" But, now he had gone foreover", " When he
was the mans, he went to many country", "
He found out a new way for Vietnam race, to
took all come out Slavery", "His poem still
live in reader's heart, and still with time,
forever", " He used to a teacher", "He died a
few months",
Hon nira, nhieu sinh vien eon dimg sai gidi
tir hoac thieu nhu:
''get
married
with",
"He
was born Kim Lien district, Nghe An province
in 19/05/1890", "He had visited in the
country on the
worl",
"He always worried
for",
"
She come back her career and have
successful with album 'circus'",

NGON NGUr& 001
SONG
s6 3(185)-2011
well, I like she so much She will sueeees in
the ways singer and actress ".
2.2.2. Nhicng ldi thudng gap
Qua phan tong hgp tren, nhiing loi sinh
vien thudng mac phai trong bai viet nhu sau.
Thif
nhdt,
hau het sinh vien ehua phan
biet dugc mpt doan van (paragraph) va mpt
bai van (essay). Hon nira, ve cau tnic eita
doan van (bao gom cau
chii
de, eau phat trien
cau chil de, eau ket), nhieu sinh vien chua
nam dugc cau tnic do nen sap xep y tuy tien,
khong ro rang va ranh mach, khong dien dat y
trpn ven, nhieu bai
\'iet
khong hoan chinh.
Thie hai, ve kien thirc ngii phap, ket qua
cho thay, sinh vien van chua nam dugc each
sir cac thi ca ban: thi hien tai don, hien tai
hoan thanh, qua khir
don, Dac
biet, sinh vien
van ehua nam dugc vi tri
ciia

ien van chua nam
dugc
qu\'
tac ngat cau va \'iet hoa. Han
niia.
mpt so sinh
^ien
van chua nam dupe cac
thanli phan cua cau
(chii
ngir, vi ngQ, tan ngu,
trang tir) va \i tri
ciia
chung nen van sir dung
sai tan ngir sau dpng tir (chang han
7
love he).
tinh tir sau dpng tir (nhu she sings beautiful).
Cudi cung, nhieu sinh vien dudng nhu
thieu kien thiic hieu biet ve xa hpi (nhu kien
thuc \e ngirdi noi tieng) eho nen hp
kliong
%iet
bai. hoac bai
\iet ciia
hp rat ngan
(khoang 20
din
30 tir).
2.3

co
tac dung nhu mpt chiec "neo kien thiic' cua
phan ngir phap trong bai, vira co tac dung
Idem
tra xem cac em da thue
sir
nam dugc
each diing mau cau nay chua.
Tuy nhien,
dii
ket qua kiem tra tai cho c6
tich
cue
den dau di chang nira, giao vien ciing
khong nen
chii
quan cho rang nhu the la on,
\\ som
muon gi kien thirc ngir phap ay ciing
bj md nhat dan neu sinh vien khong sir dung
thudng
xu\en,
lien
tiic
va ben bi. Nhung bai
kiem tra dinh ki ve mpt so nhom chu diem
ngir phap nhat dinh nen dugc thiet ke dudi
dang bai tap ve nha va co the giao cho sinh
\ien cham cheo va chira loi cho nhau neu
dugc giao

hai la dam bao phan dang thirc
doan van de sinh vien viet dung. Nhin lai
thire te, rat nhieu sinh vien khong he nam
dugc dang thiic doan van theo van phong
tieng Anh la gi. Nhieu thay co yeu cau sinh
vien viet bai thudng xuyen, va ciing da ra
cong cham, chira, sira nhirng bai do, nhung
lai quen mat phan viec quan trpng nhat trudc
khi giao bai la nen co vi du, cho format, co
S6
3(185)-2011 NGON NGUT & 001
SONG
21
chuan, co mau cho sinh vien theo. Chinh vi
thieu
sir ph6 biin
va thdng
nhk
vl
chu&i
doan van vdi sinh vien nen giao vien la
nhung ngudi phai lam viec rit vk va sau d6
de chira nhung loi lap di lap lai cua sinh vien.
Nhin tir goc dp nay, giao vien cin nhat quan
trong
each
lam viec ngay tir dm: pho
biin
ro
reformat

hanh van, nen tang, von song cua moi
hpe sinh, viec chinh sira chiing khong phai la
chuyen mpt sdm mpt chieu. Tuy nhien, mpt
von ngil phap chuan, manh va
sir
trau doi
thudng xuyen ngoai ngii nay ca tren ldp va
ngoai ldp chac chan se dan den nhirng tien bp
dang ke. Ve van de kien thiic nen, giao vien
nen sir dung mpt so
thii
thuat nhu 'dpng nao'
bang hoat dpng theo cap doi hoac nhom trudc
khi viet de tao dieu kien cho cac em trao doi,
chia se thong tin vdi nhau, nang cao hieu bilt
ve van de dinh viet. Ngoai ra, cac boat dpng
dpc md rpng ben ngoai ldp,
dii
mang tinh ca
nhan hay theo nhom, chac chan ciing se rit
hilu ich va
thii
vi doi vdi phan ldn sinh vien,
nhin tu goc dp nay.
3.
Ket
luan
T6m lai, nghien
ciin
da chi ra dugc nhiing

6. Lightbown, P.M. & Spada, N. (1999),
How languages are learned. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
6. O'Malley, J.M. & Chamot, A.U.
(1990),
Learning strategies in second
language acquisition. New York: Cambridge
University Press.
7.
Raimes, A. (1983), Techniques in
teaching writing. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
8. Tribble, C. (1996), Writing Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
9. White, R.V. (1998), Teaching written
English. London: Heineman International.
10.
Wenden, A.L. (1985), Learner
strategies. In Newsletter Vol.XIX.
No.5,
p3-
5.
(Ban Bien tap nhan bai ngay 23-12-2010)