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RELATIVE CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề quan hệ) - PHẦN 1
I. Tóm tắt bài giảng
A. 3 loại mệnh đề:
 Mệnh đề danh từ
Ví dụ: I don't understand what the teacher said.
That I dislike him is clear.
What she like is clear.
Whether she loves me or not is unknown.
 Mệnh đề quan hệ hay mệnh đề tính từ
Mệnh đề quan hệ hay còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ vì nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ và đứng ngay
sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa cho.
Ví dụ: The man who lent me this book is my father's friend.
She is talking to the man who lent me this book.
 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ (Adverbial clauses)
Ví dụ: I won't leave until he answers my question.
I will call him once I have finished my job.
B. Mệnh đề quan hệ
 Đại từ quan hệ chỉ người: who - thay thế cho chủ ngữ, whom - thay thế cho tân ngữ, whose +
N - thay thế cho sở hữu cách.
The girl who loves me is a teacher.
The girl whom I love is a teacher.
The girl whose sister loves me is a teacher.
The girl whose sister I love is a teacher.
That is the girl who loves me.

- Danh từ riêng (Proper noun)
- Tính từ sở hữu + Danh từ (Ví dụ: my teacher, my little )
- Tính từ chỉ định: that table
II. Bài về nhà
Combine the following pairs of sentences
1. Some people live in HongKong. They earn a lot of money.
2. Well, They said they want a pay rise. It is unreasonable.
3. We often go to visit our friends in Shekou. It is quite near ferry.
4. Who was that lady? I saw you with last night.
5. Where do those guys come from? You borrowed their car.
6. Our boss had a heart attack last week. He hasn’t been back to work since.
7. That's the man. I got the bag from him yesterday.
8. Economics is a subject. I am very interested in it.
9. This is Joanne. I gave my notes to her.
10. The friend spoke French. Jim was travelling with him.
11. The ladder began to slip. Tom was standing on it.
12. This is the city. I was born in this city.
13. Paul is fitter than you. I play tennis with him on weekends.
14. The woman said the machine was very good. Jim bought the machine from her.
15. The chair is in bad shape. You are sitting on it.
16. She worked for a man. The man used to be an athlete.
17. They called a lawyer. The lawyer lived nearby.
18. I sent an email to my brother. My brother lives in Australia.
19. The customer liked the waitress. The waitress was very friendly.
20. We broke the computer. The computer belonged to my father.
21. I dropped a glass. The glass was new.
22. She loves books. The books have happy endings.
23. They live in a city. The city is in the north of England.
24. The man is in the garden. The man is wearing a blue jumper.
25. The girl works in a bank. The girl is from India.

46. The waitress was very pretty. My brother dated the waitress.
47. The secretary is in the office. The boss likes the secretary.
KEY
1. Some people who live in HongKong earn a lot of money.
2. Well, They said they want a pay rise, which is unreasonable.
3. We often go to visit our friends in Shekou, where is quite near ferry.
4. Who was that lady, with whom I saw you last night? or Who was that lady, who I saw you with last
night?
5. Where do those guys, whose car you borrowed , come from?
6. Our boss , who had a heart attack last week , hasn’t been back to work since.
7. That's the man from whom I got the bag yesterday.
8. Economics is a subject in which I am very interested.
9. This is Joanne, to whom I gave my notes.
10. The friend with whom Jim was travelling spoke French.
11. The ladder on which Tom was standing began to slip.
12. This is the city in which I was born.
13. Paul, which whom I play tennis on weekends , is fitter than you.
14. The woman from whom Jim bought the machine said the machine was very good.
15. The chair on which you are sitting is in bad shape.
16. She worked for a man who / that used to be an athlete.
17. They called a lawyer who / that lived nearby.
18. I sent an email to my brother who / that lives in Australia.
19. The customer liked the waitress who / that was very friendly.
20. We broke the computer which / that belonged to my father.
21. I dropped a glass which / that was new.
22. She loves books which / that have happy endings.
23. They live in a city which / that is in the north of England.
24. The man who / that is wearing a blue jumper is in the garden.
25. The girl who / that is from India works in a bank.
26. My sister who / that lives in Australia has three children.

47. The secretary (who / that) the boss likes is in the office.

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MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - PHẦN 2
I. Tóm tắt bài giảng
* So sánh WHAT với WHICH / THAT
What được dùng trong mệnh đề danh từ (Noun Clause). What = the thing(s) that
Thank you for what ( = the things that) you have done.
I can lend you $5. It's all that I have.
I don't understand what you mean.
They give their children everything that they want.
What surprised everybody was John's exam result.
* Các trường hợp dùng “that”
 Để thay thế cho cụm danh từ bao gồm cả người và vật
He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London.


Dùng với so sánh hơn nhất, với “the first”, “the last”
This is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen.
She was the first / the last person that broke the silence.
Lưu ý: Khi các đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho tân ngữ thì có thể bỏ đi


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Lưu ý:
- Vị trí của mệnh đề quan hệ: đứng vào giữa câu, đứng cuối câu.
- I own a bar in the Old Quater which opens day and night. (Tôi sở hữu một quán bar ở phố cổ
mà mở cửa cả ngày và đêm.)
=>which bổ nghĩa cho “a bar”, không phải bổ nghĩa cho “the Old Quater”
 Một số câu hỏi áp dụng (Chữa trong video)
1) The book ____ I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. B & C are correct
2) What’s the name of the blonde girl ____ just came in?
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. A & B are correct
3) I don’t like people ____ lose their tempers easily.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. A & C are correct
4) Mexico City, ____ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing
city in the world.
A. which
B. whose

C. that
D. A & C are correct
II. Bài về nhà
Exercise 1. Use the information in the first sentence to complete the second sentence. Use all of /
most of etc. or the … of + whom / which.
1 All of Mary's brothers are married.
Mary has three brothers, ………………………………………………………………………………...
2 Most of the information we were given was useless.
We were given a lot of information, ……………………………………………………………………..
3 Jane has received neither of the letters I sent her.
I sent Jane two letters, ……………………………………………………………………………………
4 None of the ten people who applied for the job was suitable.
Ten people applied for the job, …………………………………………………………………………
5 Kate hardly ever uses one of her computers.
Kate has got two computers, ……………………………………………………………………………..
6 Mike gave half of the £50,000 he won to his parents.
Mike won £50,000, ………………………………………………………………………………………
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7 Both of Julia's sisters are teachers.
Julia has two sisters, …………………………………………………………………………………….
8 I went to a party - I knew only a few of the people there.

1. There are few books ……. you can read in this book store.
2. He asked about the factories and workers ……… he had visited.
3. The man………spoke is my father.
4. The car …… he bought last Thursday was very cheap.
5. Tom …….is my brother won the match.
6. This is the best novel ……… I have ever read.
7. The first sight ………was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.
8. The waiter …… we gave the tip was very pleased.
9. That's the man ………. house was destroyed by a tornado.
10. It is the only book …….. he bought himself.
11. You can take any room ……… you like.
12. There is no clothes …….. fit you here.
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13. Which of the books ……. had pictures was worth reading?
14. The man over there …….face is dirty saved the child.
15. The chair on …… I was sitting broke down.
16. It is in this room ……… he was born twenty years ago.
17. The pupils …… he was speaking to were very noisy.
18. ……… are you speaking to?
19. The crowd ……… was very angry began to shout.


7. that
13. that
19. which

2. that
8. whom
14. whose

3. who
9. whose
15. which

4. which
10. that
16. that

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5. who
11. that
17. whom

6. that
12. that
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Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb
1. She is the most intelligent woman. I’ve ever met this woman.
2. This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday.
3. These children are orphans. She is taking care of these children.
4. The two young men are not good persons. You are acquainted with them.
5. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.
6. The man is my father. I respect this man most.
7. The man is my father. I respect his opinion most.
8. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.
9. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.
10. The middle-aged man is the director. My father is talking to him.
11. The boy is my cousin. You make fun of him.
12. The student is from china. He sits next to me.
13. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
14. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.
15. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him.
16. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to market.
17. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married.
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18. I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.
19. I recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.

10. The middle-aged man is the director whom my father is talking to.
11. The boy whom you make fun of is my cousin.
12. The student who sits next to me is from China.
13. I thanked the woman who had helped me.
14. The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
15. Mr. Smith, who I had come to see, said he was too busy to speak to me.
16. I saw a lot of people and horses that went to the market.
17. Tom has three sisters, all of whom are married.
18. I recently went back to Paris, which is still as beautiful as a pearl.
19. I recently went back to Paris, in which I was born nearly 50 years ago.
20.Do you know the music which is being played on the radio?
21. You didn’t tell us the reason for which we have to cut down our daily expenses.
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22. The day on which/when she left was rainy.
23. I’ve sent him two letters, neither of which he has received.
24. That man, whose name I don’t remember, is an artist.
25. One of the elephants which we saw at the zoo had only one tusk.
26. That car, the engine of which is very good, belongs to Dr. Clark.
27. Thank you very much for the present which you sent me.
28. This is Mrs. Jones, whose son won the championship last year.
29. I’ll introduce you the man whose support is necessary for your project.

10. Could you iron those trousers? They're hanging up behind the door.
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. He worked with some people. They thought he was stupid.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
12. When I looked through the window I saw a girl. Her beauty took my breath away.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
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13. These are the books. I use them in the class.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
14. That's the name. I couldn't remember it yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
15. The film is about two people. Their plane crashed in the jungle.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
16. The film is about a king. His ambition was to rule the world.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
17. They are the people. I was talking about them.
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. That is the tunnel. I went through it.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
19. He's the criminal. The police are looking for him.
…………………………………………………………………………………….

Exercise 2. Combine each pair of sentences into one, using relative clause with preposition:
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1. I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
2. The police want to know the hotel. Mr. Bush stayed at this hotel two weeks ago.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The reasons are basic grammatical ones. I’m scolded by the teacher for these reasons.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
4. I have not decided the day. I’ll go to London on that day.
……………………………………………………………………………….
5. The airport is the most modern one. We are going to arrive at this airport.
………………………………………………………………………………..
6. She doesn’t want to speak to the cause. She divorced her husband for this cause.
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. The teacher is Mr. Pike. We studied with him last year.
……………………………………………………………………………..
8. The problem has been discussed in class. We are very interested in it.
……………………………………………………………………………..
9. Many diseases are no longer dangerous. People died of them years ago.
…………………………………………………………………………..
10. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.



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16. The film is about a king whose ambition was to rule the world.
17. They are the people whom I was talking about .
18. That is the tunnel which I went through .
19. He's the criminal whom the police are looking for .
20. My flat, which was built in the 1920s ,is in an old part of the city .
21. There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood where/in which I live.
22. My neighbour, who works on the fruit farms around the city, comes from Ecuador .
23. The neighbour whose flat is above mine makes a lot of noise walking around.
24. The traffic which passes my flat is also very noisy.
25. The local market which is a two-minute walk from my flat sells excellent local produce.
26. John is speaking to his boss,who is a famous writer.
27. I like the town where you live .
28. I like the painting which is in this room.
29. The man who looked very pale was sick.
30. He was sitting in the emergency room which was very crowded.
31. She gave the man an injection which made him go to sleep.
32. This is the bank which we borrowed the money from .
33. I lent you a book which was written by one my friends.
34. Do you know a restaurant where we can have a good meal?
Exercise 2.
1. I’ll show you the second-hand bookshop in which you can find valuable books.
2. The police want to know the hotel at which Mr. Bush stayed two weeks ago.
3. The reasons for which I’m scolded by the teacher are basic grammatical ones.
4. I have not decided the day on which I’ll go to London.

* Lưu ý: Khi có giới từ thì không giảm mệnh đề quan hệ được, chỉ có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ.
Ví dụ:
The man whom I am talking about is handsome.  không giảm mệnh đề quan hệ được, chỉ có thể
lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ “whom”: The man I am talking about is handsome.
2) Dùng cụm P.P: Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động.
I like books which were written by NguyenDu
I like books written by NguyenDu
3) Dùng cụm to inf.
Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa :
- ONLY,LAST, số thứ tự như: FIRST,SECOND...
This is the only student who can do the problem.
This is the only student to do the problem.
- Động từ là HAVE/HAD
I have many homework that I must do.
I have many homework to do.
- Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today.
There are six letters to be written today.
GHI NHỚ :
Trong phần to inf cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
* Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu. ( đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất).
- We have a rack which we hang our coat on. ( Chúng tôi có một cái giá để treo quần áo lên.)
 We have a rack to hang our coat on.
- We have a peg on which we can hang our coat.
 We have a peg to hang our coat on.
* Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf.
- We have some picture books that children can read.
- We have some picture books for children to read.
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we, you, everyone.... thì có thể không cần
ghi ra. Ví dụ:

...................................................................................................................................................................................
5. They live in a house that was built in
...................................................................................................................................................................................
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
7. Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
8. We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
9. I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country
...................................................................................................................................................................................
10. The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
12. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
14. They live in a house that was built in
...................................................................................................................................................................................
15. He was the first man who left the burning building.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
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29. This is the third who is late for the meeting today.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
30. Am I the next person who joins the interview ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
5. Câu nhấn mạnh (Emphatic form)
It is / was + ….. + that / who / whom / which + verb + clause
Ví dụ: Alex won the prize in 2005.
 It was Alex who / that won the prize in 2005.
 It was the prize that / which Alex won in 2005.
 It was in 2005 that Alex won the prize.
(Không dùng: It was in 2005 when Alex won the prize. )
II. Bài về nhà
Bài 1. Rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây
1) We had a river in which we could swim .
2) Here are some accounts that you must check.
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3) The last student that was interviewed was Tom.
4) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN.
5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad.
6) I was the only one who realized him.
7) I have some homework which I must do tonight.

2) Have you ever seen a cow which has six legs ?
3) The girl who is ten years old is my sister.
4) Give me the note which costs ten dollars.
5) Vietnamese students have a summer holiday which lasts 3 months .
6) We have two breaks which last 30 minutes.
7) That is a car which has three wheels.
8) The man who has one leg looks at me angrily.
9) The snake which has two heads is not found .
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10) Mikoon is a monster which has 6 heads.
KEY
Bài 1.
1) We had a river to swim in.
2) Here are some accounts for you to check
3) Tom was the last student to be interviewed
4) We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN.
5) My father, a pilot, often goes abroad.
6) I was the only one to realize him.
7) I have some homework to do tonight.
8) Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel.

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4) Give me the ten- dollar note.
5) Vietnamese students have a three- month summer holiday.
6) We have two thirty- minute breaks.
7) That is a three- wheel car.
8) The one-leg man looks at me angrily.
9) The two- head snake is not found .
10) Mikoon is a six-head monster.

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