PHONG CACH GIAO DUO CUA CHA ME
vA ANH H U 6 N G C O A N O

DOI VOI CON TUOI VI THANH NIEN
PGS.TS. Truong Thj Khinh Hi

Trudng khoa Khoa Tdm ly hgc, Trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc xd hdi vd Nhdn vdn.

T6M TAT
Nghien cUu dua Irin diiu Ira 256 hpc sinh, 256 cha me vd 6 cd gido cho
thdy, ddnh gid cda cha me vd con vi phong cdch gido due cda cha me khd phii hgp
vdi nhau; Cd khodng 23% cha me cd phong cdch gido due ddc dodn vd 44% cha me
cd phong cdch gido due ddn chu. Cdc bdc cha me cd trinh dd dgi hpc cd xu hudng
yiu edu cao d con vd bdt con phdi nghe theo y minh nhiiu htm so vdi cdc cha me co
trinh dd thdp han; Cha me thu&ng hay chiiu chudng Ire nam hon vd kiem sodt cdc
em nS chat che han. Cha me cdng hay mang md phi phdn con ddu nhiiu han so vdi
con thir hai.

Kit qud nghiin ciiu cho thdy, phong cdch gido due cua cha me cung nhu sit
thdng nhdt trong cdch gido due con giUa cha vd me cd dnh hudng tdi mdi sd net linh
cdch vd tuddnh gid ciia con.
TU khda: Phong cdch gido due, dgc dodn, ddn chu, dnh hudng, vi thdnh
nien.
Giio diic cua cha me la tip hpp cic hinh ddng die thu, didn ra ddng
thdi hay ridng le, nhim tic ddng mdt cich cd muc dich ldn su phit tridn nhin
cich cia tre. Phong cich giio diic cia cha me la mdt ciu trie tim 1^ bao gdm
cic dang hanh vi vi t i c thai dd ing x i m i cha me thudng s i dung trong viec
nudi day con cii. Dua trdn mic dd "quan tim, tdn trpng, ling nghe" vi "ydu
ciu, ddi hdi" cua cha me ddi vdi con, cic tic gii da chia phong cich giio due
cia cha me ra thinh bd'n loai: Din chi, ddc doan, nudng chidu vi phd mac [1], [2].
Theo cic nhi nghidn ciu, phong cich giio due cua cha me cd inh

Mdi mdnh dd cd 5 lua chpn: t i "hoin toin khdng gidng": 1 didm, ddn
"rit gidng": 5 didm. Tdng didm 4 mdnh dd cia mdi phong cich bidn thidn ttt 4
ddn 20 didm, dupe chia thanh 5 mic (vi du: Rit ddc doan, ddc doan, hoi ddc
doin, khdng ddc doan, nudng chidu). Mic thip nhit, "hoan toan khdng gid'ng"
ci 4 mdnh dd cua phong cich ddc dpdn hay ddn chd tbi tuong duong vdi phong
cich nudng chiiu hoic phd mdc.
Phd mdc
Nudne chiiu
Khdng yiu edu gi d con
Khdng kiem sodt con
Khong quan tdm vd il tinh cdm vai con
Khong yeu edu gi d eon
Khdng mang mo, phi phdn
Khong trao ddi, thdo ludn v&i eon
Khong Idng nghe, khdng I6n trpng y kiin cua con De eon tu theo y minh
Theo each hidu nhu trdn thi dpc dodn ddi lip vdi nudng chiiu, ddn chd
ddi lip vdi pho mac. Cdn hai phong cich din chi va ddc doan mac d i khic bin
nhau nhung khdng hoan toin dd'i lip nhau. Sau diy li mdt sd kd't qua nghidn
ciu thuc tidn.
1. Phong each giao due cua cha me
Danh gii cua cha me v i dinh gii cua con vd phong cich giao due cua
cha me khdng cd su khic bidt vi tuong quan vdi nhau khi chat (r phong each

TAPCHfTAMLyHPC,Sd4(157),4-2012

47


din chu = 0,592, r phong cich ddc doin = 0,597, vdi p = 0,000). Didu niy
ching td nhin djnh cia cha me vi con khi phi hpp vdi nhau.


Kd't qui thu dupe d bang 1 cho thiy, cd 23% cha me cd phong cich giao
due ddc doin vi rit ddc doan. Hp thu&ng ydu ciu cao & con; kilm soit con chat
che; hay ming md, phd phin; bit con phii nghe theo f minh.
So vdi mdt nghidn ciu trudc diy (2010) cua ching tdi didu tra trdn sinh
vidn chinh qui va sinh vidn hd via lim via hpc (20 - 35 tudi), thi ti Id cic bic
cha me cd phong cich giio due "ddc doin" trong nghidn cin nay nhd hon
(23% so vdi khoing 35%) [xem 4], Mdt trong cic nguydn nhin cia kdt qui nay
cd thd la do cic bic cha me trong nghidn ciu niy tre hon so vdi cic bic cha me
trong nghidn ciu trudc khoing 1 0 - 2 0 tudi (gin mdt thd hd); vi tfnh chit mfi
quan hd cha me - con cii d xa hdi Vidt Nam trong 10 nim gin diy cd nhttng
chuydn bidn theo hudng din chi hon, bdt ddc doin gia trudng hon. Bin thin
nhiing dia con thd hd mdi cung ddi hdi su din chu, tdn trpng d cha me chiing
nhidu ban.
Bdng 2: Ti li cdc bge cha me v&i cdc muc dd ddn ehu khde nhau
STT
1
2
3
4
5

48

Cic mic dd
Ri't din chu
Din chu
ft din chu
Khdng din chu
Pho mac

2. Phin tfch so sanh
So sinh phong cich giio due cia cic nhdm cha me cd trinh dd hoc vin
khic nhau thi khdng cd su khac bidt vd mat thdng kd. Tuy nhidn, ching tdi thiy
CO su khac bidt cd y nghia 6 mdt sd mdnh dd rieng le giia cac nhdm cha me cd
trinh dd bpc vin tidu hoc vi dai hpc d miu nghien ciu niy.
Bdng 3: Cdeh gido due cda cha me cd trinh dp hpc vdn khdc nhau
(gid tri trung binh)
STT

Cach giao due cua cha me

Tieu
hoc

THCS THPT

CD

SH

I

Kiem soil con chat che

2,8

3,4

3,7


3,5

4

Hay ming md, phd phan

3,0

2,5

2,5

2,6

3,5

5

Bit con phai nghe theo y minh

2,8

2,7

2,9

3,6

3,4


Thudng xuyen Irao ddi, thao luan
vdi con

3,0

3,4

3,4

2,8

9

Ling nghe va tdn trong y kidn
cua con

3,6

3,7

3,6

2,8

3,1

3,0

10




Nhdm cha me cd trinh dp dai hpc "kidm soit con chit che", "yeu ciu
cao d con", "nghiem khic vdi con" ,"hay ming md phe phin", "bit con phii
nghe theo y minh" nhidu ban so vdi nhdm cha me cd trinh dd tidu hpc.
Ngupc lai, nhdm cha me cd trinh dd tidu hpc "quan tim, tinh cim vdi
con", "khen con", "ling nghe vi tdn trpng f kidn cia con" hon so vdi nhdm cha
me cd trinh dp dai hpc.
Tuy nhien, thd'ng ke cung cho thi'y mdt sd uu thd cua cic con thudc
nhdm cha me cd trinh dp dai hpc: Kdt qui hpc tip cua cic con (theo dinh gii
cua cd giio) thudc nhdm ciia me cd tnnh dd dai hpc cao hPn (3,0 so vdi 2,4);
cic con cd hinh vi vi pham phip luit thudc nhdm cha me cd trinh dd dai hpc
thip hon (1,4 so vdi 3,0) so vdi cic con thupc nhdm cha me cd trinh dd tidu hpc
(theo dinh gii cia cha me).
Ri't cd thd, cic cha me cd trinh dp dai hpc mong mudn con cung phii
dat trinh dp nhu minh vi hidu ring, dd dat muc tidu dd cin cd su nd luc cao hon
cac ban cing trang lia. Vi viy, hp thudng ydu ciu cao d con vi nghidm khic
vdi con ban. Vide cac con cua hp cd kdt qui hpc tdt ban va ft cd nhttng hanh vi
vi pham phap luit ban cung dit ra cho chung ta ciu hdi, viy tbi cd ndn yeu ciu
cao d con va bit con phii lam theo y minh hay khdng? Nghiem khic vdi con tdi
mic dp nao thi via?
Bdng 4: Mdt sdedeh dng xdciia cha me vdi eon khdc nhau Iheo gidi tinh

Cach umg x i cua cha me
Kidm soit con chat che

Yeu ciu cao d con

Hay khen ngpi con



0,90

Nam

3,19

0,86

Ntt

2,87

0,85

Micy
nghia
0,04

0,01

0,00

Qua phdng vin siu, ching tdi thiy cic gia tri, chuin muc, mic dd an
toan trong mdi tru&ng van hda xa hdi cung la mdt trong nhttng ydu td inh
budng ddn cich giio due con. Vf du, thi dd dgi hpe li mdt gia tri xa hdi da tao

50

TAP CHfTAM Ly HOC, Sd 4 (157), 4 - 2012