PHONG TRAO DONG DU
or NHAT BAN TUT DAU THE KY XX DEN NAY (NAM 2013)

NHONG NGHIEN CUU VE PHAN BOI CHAU VA

DAO THU VAN"

N

ghien cflu ve Phan Boi Chau va
phong trao Dong Du la mot trong
so' nhflng chu diem dfldc nhi^'u nha Viet
-Nam hoc tai Nhat Ban quan tam, nghien
cflu. De CO cai nhin tfldng doi toan dien eac
nghi§n cflu ve Phan Boi Chau, phong trao
D5ng Du d nfldc ngoai, bai vi§'t xin gidi thieu
ve qua trinh nghien eflu Phan Boi Chau,
phong trao Dflng Du d Nhat Ban trong
khoang thdi gian tfl dau thS' ki XX dd'n nay
(nam 2013) vdi nhflng khuynh hfldng, dac
diem cu the. Tren cd sd do nham bo sung
nhflng diem edn khuyet thi^u khi nghien
cflu chia de nay d Nhat Ban.
1. NhCfng t a c p h a m c u a P h a n Boi
C h a u va cac chi si D o n g Du dflqfc xua't
ban, dich t h u a t t a i N h a t B a n
Ngay 20 thang Chap nam At Ty (23-21905), Phan Boi Chau cflng mot s6' sT phu
Vigt Nam (Dang Tfl Kinh, Tang Bat Ho) da
xuo'ng tau buon Tay tfl Hai Phdng di Mdng
Cai va bat d i u lich sfl xua't dfldng (1). Cuoi
thang 4 nam 1905, ea doan dat chan dS'n

cuoc trd chuyen dam dao cflng Ludng Khai
Sieu. Lfldng Khai Sieu khuyen Phan Boi
Chau e£n phai co mot bai van cd dong de
nhflng ngUdi hflu tam trong nude cung
quyen gop. Trong hoan canh do ban
"KhuyS'n quoc dan tu trd du hoc van" da

' ThS.NCS. Trudng Dai hoc Kanazawa (Nhat Ban)


Rhimg nghien ciru ve Phan B6i Chau...
dfldc viet. Theo Phan Bpi Chau nien bieu
chuyen de Tfl truyen "Thao xong dem trinh
dng Lfldng, ong vui long in cho toi khong
ma't tien in. In xong hdn 3000 trang cdn
chfla kip gfli dem ve nufdc..." (3). Den eu6'i
nam do. Tang Bat Ho, Dang Tfl Ki'nh da trd
vi nfldc van dong va mang theo vai ngan td
"Tfl trd du hdc van".

25

vai trd bon phan eua minh co'ng hien cho
nudc nha.
Viet Nam Quoc sii khdo viet vao cuo'i
nam 1908, dUdc Soransha, Tokyo phat
hanh vao dau nam 1909. Day la cuo'n lupc
khao viet theo each mdi ve lich sfl Viet
Nam. Trong tac pham nay, Phan Bpi Chau
dfla ra nhieu khai niem mdi ve quo'c giaSang nam 1906, de thuc day so lUdng du quo'c dan, dan quyen, van minh... phan anh

dieu sung sfldng va Sau dieu by vpng doi * ) , Nguc trung thU (3Di 4^ IB), Thien h6De
vdi nfldc Viet Nam mdi in thanh 1.000 ban. hd ( ^ fi^ ^ 6^), Hdi ngogi huyet thU ( S ?!• ifil
Hinh anh nfldc Viet Nam mdi dfldc mieu ta S t^ ^ ) da dfldc hai tae gia Nagaoka
trong tac p h i m nay la hinh anh Nhat Ban Shinjirou (4) va Kawamoto Kunie (5) dich
dfldng thdi. Day la tac pham dfldc Phan Bpi cong phu va c i n than sang tieng Nhat. Cd
Chau vi§'t vdi tinh than lac quan nha't. th§ noi day la nhflng cong trinh mang y
Trong nam nay, Di tinh qud'c ddn hon dfldc nghia ldn trong qua trinh nghien cflu ve
cha'p but k§u gpi cac tang ldp: si, nong, Phan Bpi Chau cung nhfl tfl tfldng cua ong
cong, thfldng noi gfldng Nhat Ban, hieu biet d Nhat Ban.


Rghien eflu Ljch si^. so g j Q l j ;
Mpt cuo'n sach khac la "Viet Nam nghia
liet sfl" do Dang Doan Bang (mot chi si tham
gia phong trao Dong Du, ngfldi Nam Dinh)
viet bang chfl Han ghi lai tieu sfl cua mpt so'
chi Sl Viet Nam boat dpng each mang dau
the ki XX va dflpc Phan Thi Han (tfle Phan
Bpi Chau) chinh sfla, Nguyin Thfldng Hien
de tUa in d Trung Quo'c nam 1918. Tac pham
nay nam 1972 da dufpc tac gia Ton Quang
Phiet dich ra tieng Viet va dfldc Nxb. Van
hoc in an, phat hanh. Tac pham da ghi chep
tUdng do'i ti mi tieu sfl cua nhieu chi si tham
gia Dong Du tai Nhat Ban nhU: LUdng Lap
Nham (Ludng Ngpc Quyen), Lfldng Nghi
Khanh, Tran Dong Phong, Cao True Hai...
Nam 1993, hpe gia Goto Kinpei (6) da dich
cuo'n saeh tren ra tieng Nhat vdi tfla de "M


hoan toan. Khoang nam Meiji thfl 35
(1902), hp da khdi xUdng phong trao co to
chflc vi dpc lap An Nam. Nhan vat trung
tam cua phong trao la Phan Bpi Chau. Ong
da tap hdp cac dong chi trong niidc, suy ton
VUdng tpc Cudng De thanh lap Quo'c dan
Dang (Dang d day la chi Hpi Duy tan)" (10).
Trong cuo'n sach cd de cap ngan gpn tinh
hinh thanh nien Viet Nam sang luu hpc tfl
nam 1907-1908 eo khoang 100 ngfldi vao
hpc tai Toa Dobun Shoin (Dong A dong van
thfl vien), sfl giup dd cua mot so' nhan vat
nhfl Fukushima Yasumasa, Kashiwabara
Buntaro, qua trinh true xua't Iflu hpc sinh
Viet Nam rdi Nhat Ban sau khi Hiep udc
Phap Nhat dflpc ki ke't...
Nhfl vay CO the thay rang, day la mot tai
lieu sdm nha't de cap den Phan Bpi Chau va
phong trao Dong Du. Cac tac gia chiu anh
hudng ciia chu nghia chau A nen hp ung hp
phong trao cua cac chi si An Nam. Nhflng
ghi chep nay ra't co gia tri trong qua trinh
nghien cflu lich sii va'n de Phan Bpi Chau,
phong trao Dong Du d Nhat Ban.
Nam 1941, tac gia Oiwa Makoto (11) da
bien soan cuo'n "Khai thuyet lich s^ van

dpng dan tpc An Nam" (Annan Minzoku
undoushi gaisetsu - ^ ^ S J^ iS lb $.),
nha

su", so 83 (thang 2-1966)... Phan quan trpng (17). Bai nghien cflu cua tac gia Sakai Izumi
trong bai vid't nay la nhflng gidi thieu chi da sii dung tfl lieu eua cac nha sfl hpe mien
tiet ti mi ve cupc ddi, sfl nghiep chd'ng Phap Ble va cd nhflng danh gia; Phan Bpi Chau la
cflu nfldc cua cu Phan Bpi Chau tfl cuo'i the ngfldi lanh dao hoat dpng giai phong dan toe
va doan ke't dan toe. Tuy nhien, tfl tudng cua
ki XIX cho de'n nam 1940.
Trong cuo'n sach tren, tac gia Nagaoka Phan Bpi Chau ve lien minh cong nong va
Shinjirou cflng cd bai "Ngudi Viet Nam d ehu nghia phan de con chUa ro rang.
]^tUO)X^)
Nhat Ban" (H ;$;IC Jj It § -i" i
Dd'i vdi nha nghien cflu Shiraishi
(16) da de cap tdi cac nhan vat nhfl Phan Masaya (eo the goi dng la nha Phan Boi
Bpi Chau, Cfldng De, nhiSng nhan vat dau Chau hpe d Nhat Ban) bdi lg Shiraishi
tien sang Nhat khi phong trao Dong Du Masaya da sfl dung nhieu ngudn tu lieu tfl


Rhimg nghien eflu ve Phan Boi Chau..
sach bao mien Bic, mien Nam, tfl ligu bang
tieng Phap, tu lieu sUu tam dflpc d Nhat
Ban de di sau nghien cflu tu tfldng cua
Phan Bpi Chau, nhflng boat dpng cu the
cua cu Phan Bpi Chau tren da't Nhat Ban.
Co the diem qua mot so'bai nghign cflu:
• Bai viet "Phan Bpi Chau va Nhat Ban"
(Phan Boi Chau and Japan) dUdc dang tren
Tap chi Nghien citu Bong Nam A, so' thang
12-1975, da de cap tdi nhflng van de nhU:
Vi sao mpt so' tri thflc Viet Nam nhfl
Nguygn Lp Trach, Nguygn Trfldng To,
Phan Bpi Chau da c6 nhflng nhan thflc ve

® ^ - , B^ -^ ^ B :$: (c J5 It § m )® Jl KBetonamu seinen no nihon ryugaku
Meijiki nihon ni okeru touyuu undou) dang
tren Ky yeu cua Trung tam nghien cflu giao
due quo'c gia, so' 121 (thang 3 nam 1992), tfl
trang 39 de'n trang 57. Bai viet gom mot so'
npi dung chinh cd ban nhfl: Mue dieh cua
phong trao Dong Du, qua trinh hpc tap cua
thanh nign Viet Nam d Cha'n Vo hpc hieu
(Shimbu Gakkou), Tokyo Ddng Van thu
vien (Tokyo Dobun Shoin) va Tieu hpe Lich
Xuyen (d Tokyo) (Rekisen Shougakkou) trudng tieu hpe nay ra ddi tfl nam 1873.
Ne'u nhu thong tin ve Iflu hpc sinh Viet
Nam tham gia hoe d Cha'n Vo va Dong Van
thfl vien diidc d^ cap de'n trong mpt so' tfl
lieu trfldc do thi trong bai viet nay
Shiraishi Masaya da cung cap them danh
saeh mpt so' hpc sinh nhd tudi Viet Nam (9
ngudi) hpc tai tidu hoe nay nhu Tran Phuc
An, Tran Ngpc Thu, Hoang Van Ky, T r i n
Phflc Dinh, Tran Vi Hung... Dp tudi cfla cac
em dao dpng tfl 8 dg'n 11 tudi...

iS - Touyuu undou (Betonamu) o meguru
nichifutsu ryotokyoku no taiou). P h i n 1
dfldc dang tren tap chf efla Trfldng Dai hpe
Ngoai ngfl Osaka sd' 73 nam 1987 (tfl trang
111-140), p h i n 2 dflpc dang trgn luan tap
cua Dai hpe Thanh pho' Yokohama so' 40
(1), thang 3 nam 1989, tfl trang 249 de'n
trang 323.

eac tae gia d giai doan trudc, tfl nam 2000
den nam 2013 da co mot sd' cudn saeh, bai
:^mm$.o)w^m>^n.mt^i±^^}tm^ viet da dflpc cdng bd' nhu:
- Mpt so' eud'n sach dUpc x u i t ban trong
^ T" -) (20). De tai eua tac gia da de cap dg'n
md'i quan he Nhat Ban - Viet Nam trong thdi ki nay nhfl:
1. Mori Tsutaya: Mdt dng vua cud'i eiing
lich sfl theo tflng giai doan: thdi ki Meiji
cud'i the' ki XIX dg'n d i u the' ki XX, 1910- nfla dg'n tfl Viet Nam ^[-i- kh'^h 5fet t 9 1945. Trong giai doan eudi XIX de'n dau XO) "? 2. [• X y ^^ - do Nxb. Kadokawa
XX, Nguygn Tie'n Luc da trinh bay nhflng Bunko an hanh nam 2003. Cud'n sach cung
nhan thflc ve Nhat Ban cua gidi tri thflc ca'p nhflng tfl lieu mdi ve cudc ddi eua
Viet Nam thdng qua trUdng hdp Nguyen Ld Cfldng De. Tac gia vd'n la mpt dao dien
Trach, Nguygn Trfldng To, Phan Bpi Chau, phim tfl lieu nen cudn sach co nhflng phin
Phan Chu Trinh. Tren cd sd do tac gia di gid'ng nhfl kf su lich sii. Tae gia ed de'n gap
sau nghien cflu cac hoat dpng cu the cua ba Ando nariyuki - con nudi cua dng ba
Phan Bpi Chau tren da't Nhat Ban (sfl tie'p Ando Chie ngfldi sd'ng cung Cfldng Dd' trong
xuc, giflp dd eua cac chinh khach Nhat 10 nam cuo'i ddi.
2. Tanaka Tsutomu: Ve dep Dong Du
danh cho cu Phan Bpi Chau va phong trao
Ddng Du), boat dpng hpc tap cua Iflu hpc Nhat Vidt - Bf mat trong lich s^ ddc lap cua
sinh Viet Nam. Tac gia da khai thae dflPe Viet Nam - Ddng Du ciia Phan Bdi Chau va
nhieu tu lieu tai Trung tam sfl lieu cua Bp Thien Vu Ta Hy Thai Lang (Asaba
ngoai giao Nhat Ban. Cdng trinh nay md ra Sakitarou) a ^ H > X - O l l - ' ? i h t A 3 4 3i
mpt hfldng nghien cflu cu the: Nghien citu ^if 5 & ; l i m i * ( 7 7 VJK-r 5^3 0) 0)MM( h'vX
lich su" quan he gifla hai qud'c gia Nhat - -) (= B *(c ^^) mmtm^ii
m-:m (Nxb.
Viet thdi ki can dai.
Minh Thanh xa m fS. i±, 2010, 276 trang).
mang va the gi6i" (Kh t h^m'Mm
t B :^

quang phuc hpi; phan 3 de cap tdi gia dinh
cua bae si Asaba Sakitarou va mdi quan he
hflu hao Nhat-Viet.
3. Shiraishi Masaya: Sfl hfldng t6i Nhat
Ban eua ngudi anh hflng Phan Bdi Chau va
hoang than Cudng Dd B :^^ ft ? U t ^^ h:^ i,

31

4. Nam 2005, tai Nhat Ban nhan dip ki
niem 100 nam phong trao Ddng Du eflng da
CO mpt sd' cupc hpi thao dupc td chflc va cae
tac gia da cong bd' nhflng bai vid't ve van de
nay nhu: T r i n Dfle Thanh Phong: Ky Ngoai
Hau Cudng De va phong trao Ddng Du; Dd
Thdng Minh: Hoat ddng Dong Du d Nhat
Ban; Momoki Shiro: Phong trao Ddng Du
trong lieh sfl ehau A va the' gidi...
Nhu vay, co the thay trong vdng hdn 10
o^mtm^.77 yt^^-^^'Ototy-^
(15 ^ft^b rorfe|BI"-*D§7 V7
0)jS.mn^, nam dau cua thg' ki XXI, va'n de Phan Bpi
Chau, phong trao Ddng Du va mdi quan he
Nxb. Thai Lflu Xa ^ ji^ i4, 2012.
- Mdt so' bai nghidn cflu edng bd' trong hflu hao Nhat-Viet van nhan dUde sfl quan
tam, tigp tuc nghien cflu cua mdt sd hoc gia
thdi ki nay:
1. Tae gia Miyazawa Chihiro da eo mdt Nhat Ban. Cac tac gia da md rdng hudng
loat bai viet ve thdi ki Cudng De quay trd nghidn eflu: Hoat ddng chd'ng Phap cua chi
lai Nhat Ban tfl nam 1915-1951. Tae gia si Ddng Du sau khi luu hpc sinh Viet Nam

taizai keiken to sono shisoukeisei - 7 7 ^ • sdm nha't va tao dieu kien cho nhflng
j K - f - ^ V ^ O B :$:;•§ e ^ i l t - f © S S B nghidn cflu giai doan sau.
IS). Bai viet dang trgn Tap ehi Nghien citu
Thii tu, thdi ki phat trien manh me va
D6ng Nam A eua Trfldng Dai hpc Ngoai dat nhieu thanh tflu trong nghign cflu chu
ngfl Tokyo, sd 11-2006, trang 80 - 86.
de nay d Nhat la nhflng nam 70-90 eua the


Rghien cflu Ljeh si. 5o9-2Q14
ki XX. Giai doan nay nhieu tfl lieu gd'c d quan ve phong trao, ly giai eu the ly do
Nhat ve Phan Bdi Chau, Dong Du dfldc cac thay ddi con dfldng cflu nfldc ciia Phan Boi
nha nghien eflu khai thac. Khuynh hfldng Chau (cuo'n sach efla Shiraishi Masaya ve tfl
cua cac de tai la: Hoat ddng cua Phan Bdi tudng Phan Bdi Chau)... Tuy nhien, tren cd
Chau tai Nhat, hpc tap cua thanh nien sd khao sat trdn chflng toi nhan tha'y d Nhat
Ddng Du tai Nhat, ehuyen bie'n trong nhan "nhflng tfl lieu ve" boat dpng Ddng Du d Bic
thflc tu tfldng eua Phan Bdi Chau. Tren cd Ky, Nam Ky, Trung Ky; sfl ddng gop trd giflp
sd nhflng nghidn cflu trdn, mdt so' tac gia da tfl trong nfldc dd'i vdi du hpc sinh cdn chfla
gan van de vdi hfldng nghien cflu lich sfl dflde de cap nhieu. Ngoai ra trong qua trinh
quan he Nhat - Viet (trudng hdp Nguydn Ddng du dien ra tai Nhat thi d Vidt Nam
Tidn Lflc). Sang deh giai doan sau nam gifla cac ca nhan tham gia, lanh dao Ddng
2000, mdt sd tac gia tid'p tuc nghien cflu md'i Du da CO md'i quan he qua lai vdi mpt sd'yeu
quan hg gifla Phan Bdi Chau vdi mdt sd' nhan cua Ddng Kinh Nghia Thuc nhu Sij
ngudi Nhat da giflp dS phong trao nhu bac sT kidn hai con cua cu Ludng Van Can la
Asaba Sakitarou, nhflng cau chuyen lich sfl LUdng Lap Nham va Ludng Nghi Khanh
gid mdi dUdc kd ve" md'i quan he nay. Ngoai sdm tham gia Ddng Du... Dd la nhflng van
ra, nhflng hoat dpng eua Cudng De sau nam de da dflpc dd" cap trong cac nghidn eflu t?ii
1909 cflng dupc quan tam va khai thac.
Viet Nam nhUng d Nhat thi va'n de" nay chfla
Nhu vay, thdng qua lich sfl nghidn cflu dupc xem xet, nghien cflu eu the.


tai

link

(1929) tai Tokyo, tot nghiep Khoa V^n tai Dai hgc
Keio. Tfl nam 1973, tac gia cong tac tai Trung tam

Ban Khuyen quo'c dan tu trO du hpc van co the
tham

chu yg'u ve hch su khu vUc Dong Nam A. ,

ngon ngii vSn hoa cua TrUOng Dai hoc Keio...

sau

(6). Goto Kinpei sinh nam 1926 6 Thanh pho

/>
Oita (tinh Oita). Nam 1952, tac gia tot nghiep

chau-khuyen-quoc-dan-tu-tro-du-hoc-van/

Traong Dai hoc Tokyo. Sau do, cong tac tai Dai hoc

(4). Nagaoka Shinjirou sinh nam Showa thit 5

Rikkyou den nam 1992 thi nghi hUu. Tac gia bgn


t

| i i # 5 E - Betonamu kyukoku kousou

shi... (xua't ban nSm 1975).

s

-h) ^

ISJ

fij r

vJ r

T

7

g * ^i^F

?EJ| 133, 1972. pp. 16-33. m ^-< \^ i- J^ H }3 It

(7). Utsumi Sanpachirou sinh n5m 1891 va mat

^ 20 Ifi: le

?J] m «


(18). Bai nghien cilu nay co the tham khao tai
link

(9). H i c Long Hoi dUOc thlinh Ifiip nSm 1901
(Meiji thil 34) va la to chflc theo chu nghia chau A.
(10). D i n theo ban dich ciia tac gia Nguyin Tig'n
LUc in trong cuon '"NhOng hoqt dong ciia Phan Bgi

sau

/>0572951&type=pdf&lang=en&host=cinii&order_no
=&ppv_type=0&lang_sw=i&;no= 1389924686&cp=
(19). Bai vi^t dang tren Tap chi Nghien

cihi

Chdu a Nhat Bdn 1905-1909" (Nxb. Dgi hoc Quoc

lich si Bdng Phaang so'46 (2), p. 382-414, thang 9

gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, 2008), tr. 207.

nam 1987. Co the tham khao toan van bai viet tgi

(11). Oiwa Makoto sinh nam 1900 mat nSm

link

sau


Nghien ciiu lich sii vd vdn hoa Bong Nam A. sd 23,
tr. 125-128
(Xem tiep trang

44)


Rghien curu Lieh si. sd 9.2Q14
mdi", in trong Quan he tpc ngUdi vd Phdt trien xn

(7). Vu Dinh Ldi - Bui Minh Dao - Vu Thi Hong.

hgi d Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb. Tong hdp Tp. Ho

Sd HOu vd sit dung ddt dai d cdc tinh Tdy Nguyen.

Chi Minh, 2010.

Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hoi, Hli Noi, 2000.
(8). Nguyin Van Minh, "Mot so' van de v l Tin

(5). Pham Quang Hoan. Mgt so'vd'n de ve quan
he toe ngUdi d Tdy Nguyen

trong thdi ky cong

nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa vd hgi nhgp. Tap chi Viet

lanh 3 Tay Nguyen hien nay". Tap chi Ddn tgc hgc,
s6'4-2006.

doc

tai

s ac jp/handle/10108/23560

khao

tai

750748 l&type=pdf&Iang=en&host=cinii&order_no
=&pp v_type=0&lang_sw=&no= 1390195589&cp=

va "Tu tiiSng cua Phan Bgi Chau trong thcJi gian 6

Va bai viet ve Tu tu5ng, h a n h dgng ciia Cu&ng

H u e " ( 7 I B # < ^ f f l 7 7 > • J}^"-f-?^ • ^ r o . S g )

De sau khi quay trS lai Nhat Ban {S3fc B ^ffl '^ h t

dang tren Ky yeu Nghien cflu Van hoa va Khu vUc
cua Trudng Dai hgc Ngoai ngQ Tokyo so' 54, nam
1997.

PP

61-72.

Link

nam phong trao Dong Du tai Ha Ngi (nam 2005),

iiiu hoc cua thanh nien Vi§t Nam dau the ki XX.

tac gia cung co bai "Hoat dgng chS'ng Phap cua

Trong do da nhac t6i qua trinh diin ra ciia phong

nguoi Viet Nam tai Nhat Ban sau khi phong trao

trao Dong Du, sU can thiep ctia nha dUOng cue

tan ra) (Quan he VSn boa va giao due Viet Nam -

Phap Nhat, nhflng lUu hgc sinh sot lai '6 Nhat khi

Nhat Ban - 100 nSm phong trao Dong Du), Nxb.

phong trao tan ra.

Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ngi, 2005, tr. 208 - 211.