...................................................................................................................... I
................................................................................................... III
.................................................................................................... IV
T.................................................................................. VI
............................................................................................VII
.........................................................................................................................1
1.

..........................................................................1

2.

....................................................................................1

3.

................................................................................2

4.

......................................................................................2

5.

.....................................4
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.

.............................................................................................4
.............................................................................................4

...........................................................15
......................17
....................................................................................19
................................19
......................20
.........................................22
.....................................................................29
.......................................................................................................29
......................................................................................29
..........................................................................................................30
.........................................................................................30
.........................................................................................31
.............................................................................32
............................................................................33
..........................................33
.................................................................34

1.4.
...............................................................................................................35


1.4.1.
1.4.2.

..................................................................35
......... 36

1.5.

.....37

...................................................................................44
.....................................................................44
....................................................................................47
.................................................................................47
....................................................49
-M
.........................................................................................................52
..............................53
-MS ...............................53
.......................................................................................................54
..........................................................55
-EPA........................................................................................................55
................................................................57

3.1.
....................................................................................................57
3.1.1.
3.1.2.

..........................57
.......................65

3.2.

.....................................................................................70
3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.2.4.
3.2.5.

..........................14
..................................................................31
..................................................................31
..................34
..........36
........................41
nghiên c

.....................................................................................................................46
.....................................................................................................................46
....................................................................48
.......................48
g cm-3) ..............................................54
..........................................56


D
Hình 1.1.

.....................5
................................................................................................................7
.......................................15
....................................17
............................................................44
.....................................................................................47

Hình 2.3. Máy ph

-MS .......................................52
-



..73
..................................................76
....................................76
.....................................76
...77
.................................................78
....................................79
..................................................................79
..79
..................................................80
....................................81
.....................................81
..81
..................................82
..................................83
..................................83
..................................84


As

: Asen

ATVSTP

: A

BVTV


: Food and Agriculture Organiza

GA3

: Gibberellic acid

ICP-MS

: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

KLN

: K

Pb

: Chì

PTNT

:

RAL

:

RMN

: R

trung bình và

m

gây nguy
m

m
VSATTP)

m

ABSTRACT
Water spinach (Ipomoea Aquatic) in Ho Chi Minh City is planted near the canals
- which receive wastewater from industrial areas and from the production facilities
along the canal basin. Sediment in these canals contains hazardous ingredients and
heavy metal pollution. In addition, farmers have a trend to abuse the use of fertilizers
and plant protection chemicals which has increased the risk of environmental
contamination, especially heavy metal residues in soil, directly influencing the quality
of vegetable crops.
The amount of heavy metals such as As, Pb, Cd and Zn in 3 samples (sediment,
water and water spinach) is met the standard of Vietnam. For exception, there are
sample NCC24 and RHM19 have metal heavy amount higher than permission level.
Index pollution risk assessment of arsen, lead, cadmium and zinc on health when
used the vegetable is from low to medium, and there is 1 sample with high level,
causing danger to human health when uncontrolled effectively.
The survey results show that the consumers are aware of health care, and they
want to know information about pollution in the vegetable. For growers, lack of
awareness about food hygiene and safety because of profit, facilitate the production
and unreasonable using of agricultural chemicals lead to heavy metal contaimination.


3.
Cây

n

Tp HCM

KLN

4.
Tp HCM, theo các ph

ng ti n thông tin

nóng v vi c m t an toàn v sinh

mà

i chúng, hi n nay có nh ng i m
tài

c bi t quan tâm, nh rau

tr ng t i m t s vùng nh quanh l u v c c a kênh Tham L
C u L n, rau trên
kênh Ba Bò (d n n
và c ng thoát n

ng Ngô Chí Qu c (ph

sen, K

[5,6,7,27,28,39]

SH có trong enzim. Các


2+

dehy

cytochromes.

Asen can

.
Ngoài ra, Asen còn
da.


có 2 lo i là m c d
khác nhau nh
y

ru ng,

tài nghiên c u

l y


c

nghiên c u,
Tp

HCM.

5.
5.1.
và tron
5.2.

5.3.

Tín

các
rau
.


NGHIÊN
1.1.

KLN

1.1.1.

KLN
KLN


Chì (Pb), Cadimium (Cd) và

. Trong danh sác

,

Asen (As), và Cadimi
[5,6,7,10,14,15,27,35,37,38]

1.1.2.

quá trình oxy hóa

1.1.2.1.

KLN trong

Nguyên nhân

là do

KLN
KLN


KLN

KLN theo
[3]


Cd
< 1 - 3410
0,01 -100
0,1 - 0,8
0,1 - 190
0,005 8,5
0,04 - 0,1

Zn
91- 49000
82 - 5894
15 - 566
1 42
10 - 450
-

11 - 26

-

-

< 20

< 0,05

-

[38]


- 2002),
phép

[24]

KLN
- T


KLN
KLN
KLN
p thu

.
KLN
cho rau.

.[7]

Tp HCM

ng

KLN

KLN.


[15]


có
[22]

.5. K
[4]

t
Thông

Tháng 5/2012
phép
0.3(mg/m3)

0.44-0.81(mg/m3)

93

Không quy

0.38-0.54 (µg/m3)

Không
nh

NO2

0.3(mg/m3)

0.16-0.23(mg/m3)


[8,25]

cho


Phun n
, ngoài ra t

các KLN,

.
.6.

STT

1

[42]

KLN

(Ravenol,VSiSAE5W-40)

Cu

Mg

Cr


4,6

81

1,5

1,6

14,6

72

1280

1,5

1

(Ravenol,VSiSAE5W-40)
2
3000 km)
Ngoài ra còn c

[3,5,6,7,15,16,20]

1.1.2.2.

KLN
KLN



4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

- CH3COONa
-

Carbonate

ê - NH2OH.HCl 0,04M trong CH3COOH
25%
960
magiê oxyt.

- HNO3 0,02 M trong H2O2 30%(w/v)
o
C và
thêm
CH3COONH4 3,2 M trong HNO3
2O2 30% (w/n) trong

- KLN

0

HNO3

Residual
hiên.
KLN
1.9. K

KLN


[5,6,7]

Hình 1.3
1.1.2.3.

KLN
[5,6,7,10,15,37]

KLN

KLN

KLN trong
(cation) và
KLN


- Các ion

KLN

là hút bám trao

KLN

KLN vào trong cây
KLN

:



.

o

KLN
KLN
KLN
KLN
KLN