VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

NGUYEN MINH THANG

STATE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC
JOURNALISM IN VIETNAM NOWADAYS
Major: Constitutional Law and Administrative Law
Code: 9.38.01.02

SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION FOR A
DOCTORAL DEGREE IN JURISPRUDENCE

Hanoi - 2019


The work was completed at
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Scientific Supervisor: Prof. PhD. Hoang The Lien

Reviewer 1: Prof. PhD. Nguyen Minh Doan

Reviewer 2: Prof. PhD. Nguyen Dang Dung

Reviewer 3: Assoc.Prof. PhD. Le Thi Huong

The dissertation will be defended before the thesis review council
of the Academy at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences at
minute, day month year.


State and the law are in line with the journalism and Internet regulations; law
documents about journalism are not sufficient, suitable and synchronized; The
officers responsible for State management are not sufficient and there are some
limitations that are not commensurate with the development of electronic
journalism. The issues mentioned above are also one of the basic causes of
difficulties in the state management of electronic journalism in our country.
Therefore, the study of the topic in the scale of a doctoral dissertation is topical in
the current situation.
From the above reasons, the researcher chooses the topic "State
management of electronic journalism in Vietnam nowadays" as a dissertation
for a doctoral degree in jurisprudence.
2. Aims and tasks of the study
2.1. Aims of the study
The dissertation's research purpose is to contribute to clarify theoretical
issues about state management of electronic journalism; assess and generalize the
state management of electronic journalism in our country in recent years.
2.2. Tasks of the study
(1) Need to collect and research works inside and outside the country that
point out the issues that need research related to the dissertation such as (2) Study

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the theoretical basis of state management for electronic journalism , clarifying the
content of theoretical bases (3) Studying state management practices for electronic
journalism, it is necessary to generalize, analyze and synthesize electronic
journalism organization, newspaper activities (4) Proposals, some orientations and
views of our Party and State on state management of electronic journalism.
3.1. Research subjects
The research subjects of the dissertation are issues related to state

Theoretical aspect: The dissertation contributes to clarify the theoretical
aspect and serves as a basis for the continuation of the law on state management
with electronic journalism in Vietnam nowadays.

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Practical aspect: The dissertation contributes to provide practical basis for
the competent authorities to refer and apply the research results of the dissertation
topic in the effective implementation and management of the dissertation. state
management for electronic journalism.
7. Organization of the study
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, references, the main content of
the dissertation consists of 4 chapters as follows:
CHAPTER 1: Overview of the researches related to the topic
CHAPTER 2: Theoretical issues of state management of electronic journalism
CHAPTER 3: The reality of state management of electronic journalism
in our country
CHAPTER 4: Orientation and solutions to improve the state management
of electronic journalism.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES RELATED THE TOPIC
1.1. Reality of the researches related to the topic
1.1.1. The reality of researches of theoretical issues related to the topic
The Fourth Power and Four General Secretary Generations (1995),
(From Brussels to Giápcopop in "Pravda": Reference Victo Aphanaxép.
Translated by: Nguyen Tan Viet, Ho Quy Truyen, Vu Van Thach, (National
Political Publishing House, Hanoi.) The book outlines the birth of the journalism
and the position and the great role of the journalism, in the political institutions, in
society; the book also clarifies the concept of the power of journalism on political

(Academy of Journalism and Communication). This dissertation has the title of
electronic network newspaper, so the dissertation only gives some concepts of
electronic network newspapers and characteristics and the role of electronic
network newspapers.
The group of above-mentioned works focused on the internal research of
theoretical issues on state management of journalism, mass media and electronic
journalism. Those are the issues: concepts, origins, characteristics and nature of
journalism, electronic journalism and management, state management of
electronic journalism ... The authors clarify the theoretical issues for with the
target groups, in each field, from which to draw comments, assessments, general
conclusions and characteristics of state management over the journalism,
electronic journalism.
1.1.2. The reality of researches of practical issues related to the topic
The book Four Media Theories (1956) in the US, by Fred S. Siebert,
Theodore Peterson, Wilbur Schramm, the former head of the communications
department, University of Michigan, translated by translator Le Ngoc Son
(Knowledge Publishing House, 2013). Four media theories have identified the
types of media that the world and the Western journalism have: authoritarianism,
liberalism, the social responsibility theory, the totalitarian theory.
The book Strengthening leadership and state management to create
favorable conditions for the Vietnamese journalism to develop strongly and firmly
(2007), edited by the Central Propaganda Department (Political Theory Publishing
House, Hanoi). The book affirms that our revolutionary journalism principle is
always under the leadership of the Party, the State's management, and the voice of
the Party, the State and the people.
The doctoral dissertation Communist Party of Vietnam’s management of
the electronic newspaper in the present day (2014), by Nguyen Huy Ngoc (Ho
Chi Minh National Academy of Politics). The author has mentioned the current
status of electronic media and affirmed the leading role of the Communist Party of
Vietnam in the journalism.

home and abroad; Along with the strong development of the Internet and social
networks, the electronic journalism in our country has also developed rapidly with a
large readership. Management, planning and building of a contingent of state
management officials for electronic journalism are still limited; mechanisms, policies
and systems of legal documents are inadequate and inadequate. This is a valuable
resource for the author to inherit, promote and clarify new issues of the dissertation.
1.1.3. Research situation and proposals, recommendations and solutions
related to the dissertation topic
The book The direction of the state management of journalism for 25
years conducting the renovation cause (2012), edited by author Nguyen The Ky
(National Political Publishing House, Hanoi). The book consists of 3 chapters,
including chapter 3 of the book analyzing the interpretation and proposal (5 tasks)
and (6 solutions) to enhance the quality and effectiveness of leadership.
Book Building media group strategic solutions in developing Vietnam
press (2013), by Le Hai (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi). The book
not only offers solutions for building a media group model in our country, but also
recommends a number of models of state management of journalism in some
countries with developed journalism.
The book Electronic Journalism in Vietnam - orientation and solution
(2015), by Nguyen Cong Dung (People's Army Publishing House, Hanoi). The
book consists of 2 parts: Part 1, introducing some issues of state management of

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electronic journalism in Vietnam and some experiences and solutions of state
management of electronic journalism in some countries.
The ministry-level topic Researching theoretical and practical basis,
proposing state management solutions for journalism in our country in the trend
of economic integration (2008), by Vu Thanh Son (Press Department, Ministry of

1.2. Comment on the dissertation research situation
1.2.1. Research issues have reached a consensus
1.2.1.1. Theoretical consensus has been reached
In the above studies, the authors are aware that state management
activities in the field of electronic journalism according to the views of the
Communist Party of Vietnam on the journalism in general and the electronic
journalism in particular an organic component in the working apparatus of our

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party. It is an element of the activity on the ideological and cultural front, and a
shocking weapon on the ideological and theoretical front.
The above studies also agreed that the role of the law on state
management in the field of electronic journalism is not close enough, not
commensurate with the development of electronic journalism, and has no separate
legal documents for electronic journalism, therefore, the quality of content of the
electronic journalism is not high, not adhering to the principles and purposes.
1.2.1.2. In practice, general consensus has been reached
All studies believe that online and electronic newspapers develop in both
quantity and quality; diversified forms of transmission, richer content vividly; the
number of publishing scope increased, the team of reporters was overwhelming.
Therefore, the state management in the field of electronic journalism in the past
time still faces many difficulties and inadequacies in state management.
Regarding the state management in the field of electronic journalism, the
studies have mentioned a number of results achieved in recent years, such as:
Amending, supplementing and issuing new legal documents; providing
information and direct the press in the direction of major programs and objectives
of the Government in order to create consensus in the society etc.
1.2.1.3. Regarding proposals, recommendations and solutions, the

The Press Law 2016 still has many controversial issues, which are not
specific to the electronic press, the state management apparatus for the electronic
press is still overlapping and inadequate in practical operations at all levels of
state management, the ten contents of state management of journalism in general
are outdated, still controversial, and inconsistent, mainly applied to printed
newspapers.
Although there are many different perspectives, perceptions and
approaches, the above works are a valuable source of material for inheriting
research and promoting research into the dissertations for a more comprehensive
and in-depth study.
1.2.2.3. The proposals, recommendations and solutions are still different
and controversial
Through an overview of research works on state management of journalism
and electronic journalism, the authors put forward a number of recommendations,
proposals, and solutions to enhance the state management of journalism and
electronic journalism, and there are many different issues on the viewpoint and the
awareness of electronic journalism, the negative side and the impact of the
electronic press, social networks on the public; prevention and handling also have
other opinions. The authors debate whether social media is electronic journalism,
social networks have developed strongly in Vietnam over the past time. Therefore,
the state management and how to use social networks in accordance with
regulations, principles and purposes.
1.2.3. These issues have not been researched
1.2.3.1. On theoretical basis
There has not been any research project that clarifies the characteristics,
characteristics, role and value of electronic journalism, the works mainly focus on
research on newspapers, electronic newspapers and online newspapers. The
research works have not yet analyzed and interpreted in a profound and thorough
way the content and factors affecting the state management of electronic
journalism in the current situation and the coming time.

namely: concepts, features, characteristics of electronic journalism; concepts,
characteristics, subjects, principles, content and factors affecting the state
management of electronic journalism in our country.
1.3.1.3. Continue to research, analyze and assess the state of state
management of electronic journalism in our country in the past time: the
organization and operation of electronic journalism, from that draw on the results,
shortcomings and causes of the shortcomings in assessing the policy on state
management of electronic journalism.
1.3.1.4. Proposing, suggesting and giving solutions to enhance the state
management of electronic journalism, contributing to improving the state
management capacity of electronic journalism.
1.3.2. Research questions and research hypotheses
1.3.2.1. Research questions
(1). How are the theoretical issues about State management of Electronic
journalism understood? What are the characteristics of state management and
electronic journalism? (2) What is the content of management and the factors
affecting the state management of electronic journalism? (3) Has the state
management status of electronic press activities met the requirements? What is the
limit of remained issues? What are the causes of these shortcomings and
limitations? (4) What are the solutions to enhance state management for the
operation of electronic journalism? Have those solutions met the requirements of
building and completing documents system to manage legislation yet?
1.3.2.2. Research hypotheses
(1) The theoretical issues about State Management of Electronic
journalism are awareness, concept, characteristic, role, content and factors

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affecting to State management of electronic journalism which are researched and

research thesis will is the premise, basis, for the theoretical issues of the thesis
topic and the following sections.
Chapter 2
THEORETICAL ISSUES ON STATE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC
JOURNALISM
2.1. The concept, characteristics, roles and values of electronic journalism
2.1.1 The concept of Electronic journalism
In the recent years, Electronic journalism has developed rapidly in both
quantity and quality, creating a vivid competition for the Vietnam Electronic

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journalism, such as Vietnam Quick News newspaper (Vnexpress.net),
VietnamNet and VnMedia. This type of newspaper is called with many different
names such as: online newspaper (Internet newspaper), etc.
At Directive No. 30-CT / TW, dated 25/12/2013 of the Ministry of
Politics stipulating the development and strengthening of state management of
electronic journalism, according to social networks and other forms of
communication on the Internet, this type of journalism is Electronic journalism
[133]. Circular No. 33/2011 / TT-BTTTT, dated November 1, 2011 of the
Minister of Information and Communications, detailing the issuance of licenses
for electronic press activities, licenses for specialized websites, in Clause 1,
Article 3, called Electronic journalism [134].
It can be affirmed that although electronic press still has many different
ways of calling, but in essence, Electronic journalism (including online
newspaper, online network newspaper, online newspaper, network newspaper) is a
type of journalism that use text, images, sounds, built in the form of a Web site,
released on the basis of Internet. Therefore, in this thesis, the research object is the
state management of all the above-mentioned newspapers, so we choose to

interact with readers continuously daily, hourly.
(4) Electronic journalism is multimedia, integrated to many types of
newspapers on the Internet such as text, still image and graphie, audio, video and
animation and interactive program.
(4) Electronic journalism have large and extensive links: from an article,
readers can easily search for more relevant information on issues of interest.
(5) Electronic journalism has the ability to store and easily to search
information related to social life, economy, politic in the country and abroad.
2.1.2.4. Basic difference
Traditional media types, due to limitations in receiving and transmitting
feedback from the public, especially in terms of framework, number of pages,
program duration, linear time.
The interaction is done on many different devices such as computers,
smartphones, tablets, etc. Interactions on electronic journalism take place
simultaneously with unlimited numbers.
The level of spread and interactive exchanges also increased at a dizzying
rate for news articles reflecting issues and events that were of particular interest to
readers, but not identified subjects.
2.1.3. The value role of Electronic journalism in social life
In our country, the newspaper is a political tool of the Party, the State,
Organizations, social organizations, a forum of the people and an essential means
of mass communication for social life. Electronic journalism is also not out of that
principle, purpose and Electronic journalism becomes an important weapon of our
people.
Electronic journalism also creates the necessary conditions for the people
to participate in the political life of the country (through an interactive forum
between readers and Electronic journalism).
2.1.3.1. As an important tool and weapon of thought and public
orientation.
2.1.3.2. Effective and timely external information channel of the Party,

Thus, from the basic elements and issues related to State management, the
author has just generalized, analyzed and interpreted the above.
In the view of the author of the state management, "State management is
the impact of the subjects of the state power, by many measures to the
management subjects to perform internal functions." and the State's external
relations on the basis of the social development rules aimed at stabilizing and
developing the country ".
State management in the broad sense is the state management activity
conducted by agencies in the state apparatus including: legislative, executive and
judicial agencies of the political system.
In this thesis, the author accesses the content of State management of
electronic journalism in the narrow sense that is the State management activities
of law enforcement agencies in State management (Government system and
local government).
From the basic and important contents related to State management of
Electronic journalism as analyzed above, the author can give direct elements
related to conceptual content of the State management of Electronic journalism
are as follows:
State management of Electronic journalism is the operation of the state
apparatus assigned responsibilities and powers of State management about
Electronic journalism.
State management of Electronic journalism is the operation of the
executive body of institutionalization, realizing the Party's guidelines and
resolutions for Electronic journalism into laws and Government's policies.
State management of Electronic journalism is the process of influencing
the organization of State management in an organized, strategic direction to the

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speech on public press.
2.2.2. Characteristics of state management of electronic journalism
State management of electronic journalism shows the unilateral
characteristic of the state power, the imperative order that force the management
objects to unconditionally comply with the provisions of the managing subject.
State management of electronic journalism is a strategic activity with a
program and specific plan set out to implement the set goals.
State management of electronic journalism is an active, creative and
flexible activity in management. It is necessary to keep up, and flexibly adjust the
human behavior in those social relations accordingly.

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State management of electronic journalism is continuous and relatively
stable, it is the bridge between the people and the state and it is the system of state
management agencies on electronic journalism from the central to local levels.
2.2.3. The role of state management of electronic journalism
State management of electronic journalism creates a favorable legal
environment to help electronic journalism operate equally, stably and develop in
line with the general trend of society in the period of international integration.
State management of electronic journalism helps improve the operational
efficiency, ensure the electronic journalism operation in the right direction,
contribute to political stability, promote socio-economic development and ensure
security and social order. ..
State management of electronic journalism aims to ensure that citizens
have the rights to perform freedom of press and freedom of speech on public press
and the right to access information with specific contents.
2.3. Subjects, targets, principles and contents of state management of
electronic journalism

individuals in different positions, titles, different names depending on the tasks
and assigned jobs.
2.3.3. The principles of state management of electronic journalism
2.3.3.1. General state management principles
2.3.3.2. Specific principles on state management of electronic journalism
(1). State management of electronic journalism must be under the
leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam
(2). State management of the PSC must ensure the right to freedom of
speech and press.
(3). Constantly renovating leadership thinking, directing the state
management of electronic journalism
(4). State management of electronic journalism must be consistent with the
market economy mechanism
(5). Fight against the acts of taking advantage of the freedom of the press,
the freedom of speech and unlawful acts
2.3.4. Contents of state management on electronic journalism
2.3.4.1. Formulating and promulgating a system of state management
documents on electronic journalism.
2.3.4.2. Tổ chức và thực hiện văn bản QLNN về BCĐT.
Organizing and implementing the state management documents on
electronic journalism.
2.3.4.3. Inspecting, examining and settling complaints and denunciations
about the state management of electronic journalism.
2.3.4.4. Handling violations on the field of electronic journalism
2.4. Basic factors affecting the state management of electronic
journalism nowadays
2.4.1. Political factors
2.4.2. Legal factors
2.4.3. Socioeconomic factors
2.4.4. Social and cultural factors

3.1. The situation of organizing and operating of electronic
journalism in our country
3.1.1. The situation of organizing electronic journalism
According to the website of the Ministry of Information and
Communications (source: "http // mic.gov.vn"):
As of January 2019, the country had 150 e-press agencies of which (there
are 24 independent e-press agencies, 126 press agencies that have the type of
electronic press), nearly 1,600 pages of integrated electronic information and 420
social networking sites have created a vivid picture in media activities.
Therefore, the electronic press organization in our country as prescribed
in (Chapter III, Press Organization) of the Press Law 2016 has many relevant
contents, but in the context of the author's thesis topic approach and select some
main contents suitable to electronic journalism as follows:
3.1.1.1. The legal conditions for establishing an electronic press agency
According to Article 14 of the Press Law promulgated by the Chairman of
the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on April 5, 2016,
taking effect from January 1, 2017, establishing press agencies must be based on
the following conditions: "Party agencies, state agencies, socio-political
organizations, professional organizations, religious organizations from the
provincial level and equivalent to higher, legally operating according to the
provisions of the Vietnamese law can be established a press agency ”.
3.1.1.2. Personnel organization and operation model of electronic press
agencies

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Electronic press units often have the following personnel structure:
Board of Directors
Chief Editor, General Director , Director

journalism
3.2.2.1. Practice of issuing legislative documents
During the past time, the Party and the State have had many legal
documents issued; including a number of documents of the Decree No.
159/2013/ND-CP dated November 12, 2013 of the Prime Minister regulating on
sanctioning administrative violations in press and publishing activities, Decree
No. 72/2013/ ND dated July 15, 2013 of the Government regulating the

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management, provision and use of Internet services and online information ...
Most recently, the Law on Journalism 2016, Law on Cyber Security 2018.
3.2.2.2. Practical implementation of law provisions
Through practical work, there are a number of press agencies that do not
operate according to the right principle and purpose, such as Viettimes, Tam Nhin
Magazine, Mot the gioi, giaoduc.vn ...
3.2.2.3. Practical examination, inspection and settlement of complaints
and denunciations about the organization and operation of electronic press
From 2010 to 2015, Inspectors of the Ministry organized 9 periodic,
irregular inspection and examination, detected 83 violations, warned 12 cases and
proposed administrative handling of 71 cases. Settlement of complaints and
denunciations of 13 cases related to electronic journalism, including 1 case
transferred to the investigation agency of the Ministry of Public Security….
3.2.2.4. Sanctioning administrative violations in the field of electronic
journalism
From 2010 to 2019, Inspectors of the Ministry organized, inspected,
periodically, irregularly and regularly 133 proposals for administrative handling of
VND 3,578,000,000 (Three billion five hundred and seventy eight million).
Settlement of 13 letters of complaint and denunciations related to electronic

press today in our country
3.3.3.1. Objective reasons
The process of rapid and extensive integration directly into the socioeconomic life with the explosion of information technology, especially new types
of media on the Internet.
3.3.3.2. Subjective reasons
Thinking about leadership and direction of the Party and State on state
management, building policies for electronic journalism is still slow to innovate, not
keeping up with the development of practical application.
CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 3:
The state management of electronic journalism in recent years has
achieved important results such as: drafting, amending, supplementing and
promulgating a number of legal documents related to state management of
electronic journalism, initially meeting the new needs arising in the operation of
electronic journalism and state management, contributing to promoting the
development of electronic journalism and state management activities; central and
local state management agencies have co-operated with lead agencies, ministries,
departments and localities, etc.
The limitations in state management of electronic journalism mentioned
above are one of the important causes leading to several shortcomings and
weaknesses of the electronic journalism agencies such as: working and operating
without principles, purposes and objects to surve; lack of political acumen,
inadequate information, inaccurate.
Chapter 4
DIRECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE CAPABILITY OF
STATE MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC JOURNALISM IN VIETNAM
4.1. Directions of state management of electronic journalism in our
country nowadays
4.1.1. Directions to improve capability of state management of electronic
journalism in our country nowadays
4.1.1.1. Based on the circulars and documents of our Party, we can see

the old state management work on electronic journalism and influence to the
development of politics, economy, society, etc.
4.2.2.2. Solutions of completing the system of legal documents
First is, strengthening the review, amending, supplementing and
completing of the system of legal documents directly related to electronic
journalism is a matter that needs to be taken into consideration, amended,
completed.
Second is, the system of legal documents in state management of
electronic journalism must synchronize with each other and be consistent with
other relevant laws.
Third is, review, amend and supplement the provisions of law on
sanctioning of administrative violations regarding electronic journalism.
Fourth is, there are in fact no legal documents specifically for the type of
electronic journalism, íntead all regulations on electronic journalism are still in
line with the regulations on the press or the Internet. The development of law on
agencies in charge of electronic journalism is not focused on and lack of
practicality.
Fifth is, the law on journalism 2016 was effective from 1/1/2017 but in
actuality there is still no guiding legal document under Law that concretizes all
activities of journalism.
Sixth is, increase the dissemination and thorough understanding of the
Party and State's regulations related to the field of electronic journalism such as:

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The 2013 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; The Law on Cyber
Security 2018 becoming effect from 1/1/2019.
4.2.2. Category of solutions on improving capability of state
management agencies of electronic journalism nowadays

4.2.3.2. Solutions to improve the capacity of human resources in state
management of electronic journalism
4.2.3.4. Solutions to enhance international cooperation and application of
science and technology in state management of electronic journalism
(1). The promotion of international cooperation and exchange is an
indispensable issue of the Vietnamese press, especially the electronic journalism.
Therefore, the solution to enhance international cooperation in state management
of electronic journalism is a strategic solution.

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(2). Support the application of technology and science to the state
management of electronic journalism
GENERAL CONCLUSION
Over the past years, our Party and State have paid much attention to the
establishment and development of electronic journalism and the state management
of electronic journalism; issued many important documents to improve the state
management of electronic journalism. As a result, our country's electronic
journalism has developed quickly and strongly in many aspects, contribute to
improve the capacity and effectiveness of information work, propagate and raise
the people's intellectual level, meet the increasing information and cultural
enjoyment needs of readers and the masses, effectively serve the cause of
industrialization, modernization and international integration, national
construction and defense. In addition, the state management of electronic
journalism in our country still faces challenges in the quality of electronic
journalism, the contingent of state management officials and management of
electronic press agencies is limited, inadequate, institutional and legal corridor on
electronic journalism is still inappropriate.
One of the basic reasons for limiting the above challenges is that the state