Ngữ Pháp Căn Bản Ôn Thi Tốt Nghiệp
SOME BASIC STRUCTURES (Cấu trúc cơ bản)
1. PHRASES OF RESULT (Cụm từ chỉ kết quả)
a. TOO (quá … không thể)
Ex: He is too short to play basketball.
Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race. This book is too dull for you to read.
b. ENOUGH

(đủ … để có thể)
Ex
: Mary isn't old enough to drive a car.
She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter. It is cold enough to wear a heavy jacket.
2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT

(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả)
a. SO … THAT

(quá (nhiều/ít)… đến nỗi)
Ex: It was so dark that I couldn't see anything.
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.
b. SUCH ... THAT

(quá … đến nỗi)
Ex:
It was such a heavy box that the children couldn’t carry it.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
3. PHRASES OF REASON (Cụm từ chỉ lí do)
Ex:
The students arrived late because of the traffic jam.


Because of
As a result of (bởi vì) + Noun / Noun phrase / V
-ing
Due to
S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + Adj. + N + THAT + S + V…
Because of
As a result of (bởi vì) + Noun / Noun phrase / V
-ing
Due to
Because
Since (bởi vì) + S + V …
As
Despite
(mặc dù) + Noun / Noun phrase / V
-ing
In spite of

Ngữ Pháp Căn Bản Ôn Thi Tốt Nghiệp
6. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION

(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time.
Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a nice time.
Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you.
What others may say, you are certainly right.
7. CLAUSES AFTER “ AS IF, AS THOUGH ”

(Mệnh đề sau “as if và as though”)
Ex: He acts as though he were rich.

How (adj/adv) (dù …đi nữa) + S + V ….
Whatever (+ N)
V
(present)
V
2/ed
….
S +

AS IF/AS THOUGH + S

+
V
(past)
(như thể, dường như)

had + V
3/ed
….
It’s time/it’s high time (đã tới lúc) + S

+ V
2/ed
…..

It’s time/it’s high time (đã tới lúc) + (for + O) + to V
0
….

S + would rather (that) + S + V

0
….
( will / would / can /could/may/might… )

Ngữ Pháp Căn Bản Ôn Thi Tốt Nghiệp
Ex: Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her.
Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished.  As he behaved badly, he must be punished.
 MODEL 2
Ex Although it rains, we go to school on time.  Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time.
Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons.  Though it was very noisy, we continued to study our
lessons.
 MODEL 3
Ex: The film was so good that I saw it three times.  It was such a good film that I saw it three times.
It is such a bad book that nobody reads it.  This book is so bad that nobody reads it.
 MODEL 4
Ex: Mary is too young to get married.  Mary isn’t old enough to get married.
The tea was not cool enough for her to drink.  The tea was too hot for her to drink.
 MODEL 5
Ex:  This raincoat is so small that she can’t wear it.  This raincoat is too small for her to wear.
 It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times.The novel was interesting enough for me to
read many times.
 This question is easy enough for us to answer.  This question is so easy that we can answer.
 The box was too heavy for the child to carry.  It was such a heavy box that the child couldn’t carry it.
 MODEL 6
Ex: To live on my salary must be hard.  I find it hard to live on my salary.
 MODEL 7 (Câu điều kiện)
Note: Clause
1
+ so + clause
2


ENOUGH … + to V
0
To V
0
… + be + Adj/N …. S + V + it + Adj/N + to V
0
…..
…. SO …THAT / SUCH … THAT …. …TOO … + to-infinitive / ENOUGH … + to V
0
…..

If …not Unless …
- Hiện tại
Câu ở
- Quá khứ
- Loại 2 (Quá khứ đơn)
IF
- Loại 3 (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
Ngữ Pháp Căn Bản Ôn Thi Tốt Nghiệp
 MODEL 9
Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years. It is five years since Tom and Mary were married.
I haven’t seen my father for one month. It’s one month since I last saw my father.
 MODEL 10 (Câu ao ước)
Ex:  She won’t visit me again. I wish she would visit me again.
 My wife can’t speak French.  I wish my wife could speak French.
 What a pity you failed in your driving test.  I wish you hadn’t failed in your driving test.
 MODEL 11
Ex: I haven’t heard him since August.  The last time I heard him was in August.
I haven’t seen him since I was a student.  I last saw him when I was a student.

-ing
+ since (for)…
S + V + ….. + time … It take/took + (Object) + time + to V
0
…
( Ai mất thời gian bao lâu để làm gì)
S + didn’t +V
1
… until… It was not until … that… (Mãi cho đến khi… )
have + V
0
S + Object
1
Object
2
……
get + to V
0
S + HAD V
3/ed
…. + time ….. It is + time … + since … + V
2/ed
…..
have
S + + Object + V
3/ed
get
S + V + Object …
S + be + V
3/ed

 It + is / was + V
3/ed
(của V
1
) + that + S + V
2/ed
+….

to V
0
…. (khi V
2 /ed
ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
 S + be + V
3/ed
(của V
1
) +
to have + V
3/ed
…. (khi V
2
ở quá khứ)
SO SÁNH HƠN SO SÁNH NHẤT