Over the last 30 years, a small group of visionaries in science, technology,
legislation and business have driven the development of biotechnology.
Today, in the midst of tremendous advances in medicine and agriculture, this
exhibition and accompanying brochure pays tribute to the leaders that have
shaped the biotechnology industry.
The Top 100 Living Contributors to Biotechnology have been selected by
their peers and through independent polls conducted by Reed Exhibitions, a
division of Reed Elsevier. Senior staff throughout the biotechnology industry
have identified the most influential and inspirational pioneers. The results
are presented here alphabetically.
T
o those named in the Top 100, and the many other contributors not listed,
the biotechnology community is deeply appreciative.
LIVING CONTRIBUTORS
TO BIOTECHNOLOGY
THE
TOP
100
1
DAVID BALTIMORE
David Baltimore, one of the
world’s most distinguished biol-
ogists and winner of the 1975
Nobel Prize for his work in virol-
ogy, became president of the
California Institute of Technology
in 1997. Previously he was a pro-
fessor at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, founding

ism Drosophila melanogaster,
about which he has written the
book Drosophila: A Laboratory
Handbook. His research has cov-
ered a range of subjects, from
classical genetics, developmen-
tal biology, cytogenetics to evolu-
tion, at both molecular and
organismal levels. Ashburner is a
founder of FlyBase, and of the
Gene Ontology Consortium.
From 1994-2001 Ashburner
served first as research coordina-
tor and then joint-head of the
European Molecular Biology
Laboratory - European Bioinfor-
matics Institute at Hinxton,
Cambridge. Ashburner is a
Fellow of the Royal Society of
London and of the Academia
Europeae; he is a foreign hon-
orary member of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, a
member of the European
Molecular Biology Organisation,
and past president of the British
Genetical Society. He also is a
Professorial Fellow of Churchill
College, Cambridge.
SEYMOUR BENZER

the Stanford University School
of Medicine, and director emeri-
tus of the Beckman Centre for
Molecular and Genetic
Medicine. He is one of the prin-
cipal pioneers in the field of
“gene splicing.” Berg, along with
his colleagues Walter Gilbert and
Frederick Sanger, was awarded
the 1980 Nobel Prize in
Chemistry for developing meth-
ods that make it possible to map
the structure and function of
DNA. His work on the genetic
apparatus that directs the syn-
thesis of proteins earned Berg
the Eli Lilly Award in Biochem-
istry in 1959 and the California
Scientist of the Year Award in
1963. He has twice been hon-
ored with the Henry J. Kaiser
Award for Excellence in Teaching
at the Stanford University School
of Medicine and has won the
Roche Institute for Molecular
Biology’s V. D. Mattia Prize, the
Sarasota Medical Awards for
Achievement and Excellence, the
Annual Award of the Gairdner
Foundation, the Albert Lasker

leaders and investors around the
world. Bernstein has researched
and written on biotechnology
topics since 1987, she previously
was senior editor of
Bio World
and director of research at the
Centre for Science Information
in San Francisco. She has held
faculty positions at Stanford
University, Mills College, the
University of California at Santa
Cruz and San Jose State
University.
RENE BERNARDS
Rene Bernards has worked for 25
years in oncology research, most
recently developing functional
genetic approaches to aid cancer
treatment. His work at Utrecht
University focuses on the cre-
ation of genome-wide genetic
screens for the identification of
genes that act in cancer-relevant
pathways. It led to the discovery
in 2003 of a 70-gene fingerprint
that may predict the recurrence
of breast cancer in certain
patients, improving the accuracy
with which doctors can predict

J. MICHAEL BISHOP
J. Michael Bishop, is Chancellor,
Arthur and Toni Rembe Rock
Distinguished Professor, and
Professor of Microbiology and
Immunology at the University
of California, San Francisco. A
recognized authority on the
molecular mechanisms of can-
cer, he shared numerous awards
with his colleague Harold
Varmus, including the 1982
Albert Lasker Award for Basic
Medical Research, the 1984
Alfred P. Sloan Jr. Prize from
the General Motors Cancer
Research Foundation, the 1984
Gairdner Foundation Inter-
national Award, and the 1989
Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine. Bishop has received
the 2003 National Medal of
Science; is a member of the
National Academy of Sciences,
the Institute of Medicine, the
American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, and the American
Philosophical Society; and holds
honorary degrees from several
universities. He continues to

identified HBV in the mid 1960s.
Diagnostics and a vaccine were
invented soon afterwards; they
have a wide application in clini-
cal and preventive medicine. The
vaccine has been administered
to more than one billion people
in over 150 national programs
and has resulted in a dramatic
drop in the infection rate and in
deaths from liver disease due to
HBV including liver cancer
.
ELIZABETH BLACKBURN
Elizabeth Blackburn is a leader
in the area of telomere and
telomerase research, and is a
world-renowned expert on both
their influence in cells and their
implications for human health.
She has made several key dis-
coveries in different aspects of
telomere function and biology,
including their molecular struc-
ture and discovery of the ribonu-
cleoprotein enzyme, telomerase.
More recently, Blackburn has
been applying her insights into
telomere biology to the develop-
ment of a new anti-cancer thera-

August 2005. He was made a
Fellow of the Royal Society in
1974, and received a knighthood
in 1986. Sir Walter, with Julia
Bodmer, was a pioneer in the
development of the human tis-
sue typing, or HLA system and
has worked to understand how
cancer cells can escape from
attack by the immune system.
His current scientific work at his
laboratory, the CRUK Cancer &
Immunogenetics Laboratory at
the Weatherall Institute of
Molecular Medicine, Oxford, is
aimed at working out the mech-
anisms that underlie the patho-
genesis of colorectal cancer
using a large collection of col-
orectal cancer cell lines, as well
as primary tumour material.
1
5
Bertarelli has transformed
Serono into the third largest
biotech company in the world
1
GORDON BINDER
Gordon Binder is the former
CEO of Amgen. During his

of plant pests and diseases.
Their work in the mid-1960s led
to the introduction of his grain
and modern agricultural tech-
niques to Mexico, Pakistan, and
India; hugely improving the
food-security of these nations.
For this, Borlaug is credited with
saving over 1 billion lives from
death by starvation, and was
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
in 1970.
DAVID BOTSTEIN
David Botstein is Director and
Anthony B. Evnin Professor of
Genomics at the Lewis-Sigler
Institute for Integrative Gen-
omics, Princeton University. He
was as Vice President, Science,
at Genentech and has chaired
Stanford University’s Depart-
ment of Genetics. Botstein’s
research has centred on genet-
ics, especially the use of genetic
methods to understand biologi-
cal functions. Botstein’s current
research effort is devoted to the
study of yeast biology at the
system level. In August 2004,
the National Institute of General

venture capitalist Robert
Swanson to create the biotech-
nology firm Genentech. Boyer is
currently the chairman of the
Genentech Foundation for
Biomedical Sciences, and serves
as Vice-Chairman of the Board of
Directors of Allergan.
JOSHUA BOGER
Joshua Boger is founder,
Chairman, President, and CEO
of Vertex Pharmaceuticals. Prior
to founding Vertex in 1989,
Boger held the position of Senior
Director of Basic Chemistry at
Merck Sharp & Dohme Research
Laboratories in Rahway, N.J.,
where he headed both the
Departments of Biophysical
Chemistry and Medicinal
Chemistry of Immunology &
Inflammation. During his 10
years at Merck, Boger developed
an international reputation as a
leader in the application of com-
puter modeling to the chemistry
of drug design and was a pio-
neer in the use of structure-
based rational drug design as
the basis for drug discovery pro-

serves as Chairman of the
Boards of Icoria, Pharmasset,
and Pyxis Genomics; and is a
member of the Boards of
Directors of Catalyst Biosciences,
DepoMed, Galapagos Genomics,
Targacept, and Third Wave
Technologies. Prior to founding
Burrill & Company in 1994, he
spent 28 years with Ernst &
Young, directing and coordinat-
ing the firm’s services to clients
in the biotechnology/life sci-
ences/high technology/manu-
facturing industries.
BROOK BYERS
Brook Byers is a venture capital
investor with Kleiner Perkins
Caufield & Byers (KPCB). He has
been closely involved with more
than 40 new technology-based
ventures, over half of which have
already become public compa-
nies. He formed the first life sci-
ences practice group in the ven-
ture capital profession in 1984
and led KPCB to become a pre-
mier venture capital firm in the
medical, healthcare, and bio-
technology sectors. KPCB has

on the Board of Directors of a
number of companies, including
Chiroscience and Cogito. He is
on the Board of Trustees of
research institutes including the
Whitehead Institute at MIT.
SYDNEY BRENNER
Sydney Brenner is known for his
substantial contributions to the
field of molecular genetics,
including the identification of
mRNA, the demonstration that
the genetic code consists of
triplets, and the development of
the nematode
C.
elegans as a
model research organism. His
work with this roundworm has
garnered insights into aging,
nerve cell function, organ devel-
opment and controlled cell
death, and for this he received
the 2002 Nobel Prize. Most
recently Brenner has been study-
ing vertebrate gene and gene
evolution, researching novel
ways to analyse gene sequences
and creating a new insight into
the evolution of vertebrates.

mation, but could have an active
role in cellular metabolism.
Only years later was it recog-
nized that RNA catalysts, or
“ribozymes,” might provide a
new class of highly specific phar-
maceutical agents, able to cleave
and thereby inactivate viral
RNAs or other RNAs involved in
disease. Cech continues
research on ribozyme structure
and on telomerase in his
Boulder, Colorado laboratory.
JULIO E. CELIS
Julio E. Celis is Professor and
Director of the Institute of
Cancer Biology at the Danish
Cancer Society and is generally
recognized as on of the founding
fathers of proteomics. Julio Celis
interest in proteomics started in
1973 while at the laboratory of
molecular biology in Cambridge.
His group in Aarhus, introduced
the use of protein identification
techniques to map HeLa cell
proteins and developed the first
protein database in 1981. In the
early 1980s, the group also laid
out foundations for proteomics

tions as Chairman of Arrow
Therapeutics and as a non-exec-
utive director of Arakis, both UK
based biotechnology compa-
nies. He also acts as
advisor to several international
private equity funds.
JIMMY CARTER
Jimmy Carter, the 39
th
President
of the United States, is an out-
spoken supporter for the biotech
industry and the founder of The
Carter Centre, dedicated to
advancing human rights and
alleviating unnecessary human
suffering. The centre, led by
Carter, is committed to fighting
disease and improving quality of
life through international health
programs that focus on infec-
tious disease control and pre-
vention, Guinea worm disease
eradication, and agricultural
training to multiply crop yields.
STANLEY COHEN
Stanley Cohen is the Kwoh-Ting
Li Professor of Genetics and
Professor of Medicine at

the development of innovative
pharmaceuticals for the preven-
tion and treatment of vascular
diseases. He also directs the
Molecular and Cardiovascular
Medicine Group at University of
Leuven, Belgium. Collen’s labo-
ratory was the first to produce
clinical supply of tissue plas
-
minogen activator (tPA), one of
the most effective drugs for
thrombolytic therapy of acute
myocardial infarction.
FRANCIS S. COLLINS
Francis S. Collins is Director of
the National Human Genome
Research Institute (NHGRI) at
the US National Institutes of
Health. He oversaw the Human
Genome Project, an internation-
al enterprise that finished the
human genome sequence in
April 2003. Building upon that
success, Collins is leading
NHGRI’s effort to use genomic
knowledge to improve human
health. Among other projects,
his lab is currently searching for
genes that contribute to type

He has been the Principal
Scientist at the Paris-based
Genset since 1996.
1
1
15 1 4
Daniel Cohen
conceived and
implemented a
highly innovative
and effective
strategy to map the
human genome.
STANLEY CROOKE
Stanley Crooke is Founder,
Chairman and CEO of Isis
Pharmaceuticals, a development-
stage biopharmaceutical compa-
ny focused on a new paradigm in
drug discovery, antisense
oligonucleotides. Since Crooke
and colleagues founded Isis in
1989, it has pioneered RNA
based drug discovery including
all mechanisms of antisense
technology and small molecule
interactions with RNA, and has
pioneered a novel infectious dis-
ease diagnostic technology
called TIGER. Prior to founding

K. Eric Drexler is often described
as the father of nanotechnology.
His theoretical research in this
field has been the basis for
numerous journal articles and
books including Engines of
Creation and Nanosystems:
Molecular Machinery, Manufac-
turing, and Computation. In 1981,
Drexler described an approach
to implementing productive
nanosystems in the Proceedings
of the National Academy of
Sciences. This paper established
fundamental principles of pro-
tein engineering. Drexler found-
ed the Foresight Institute, a non-
profit organisation focused on
nanotechnology, and currently
serves as Chief Technical
Advisor to Nanorex, a company
developing software for molecu-
lar engineering. He was awarded
a PhD from MIT in Molecular
Nanotechnology (the first
degree of its kind).
SIR DAVID COOKSEY
Sir David Cooksey has been in
venture capital fund manage-
ment since 1981 when he found-

Associates, where he has worked
since 1974, focusing largely on
biotechnology and related life
sciences. Evnin serves on the
boards of several public and
private companies including
Memory Pharmaceuticals, Ren-
ovis, Sunesis Pharmaceuticals,
and Icagen. He led Venrock´s
investment in Athena Neuro-
sciences, Centocor, Genetics
Institute, IDEC Pharmaceuticals,
IDEXX Laboratories, and
Sepracor. Evnin’s previous expe-
rience was as a research scien-
tist and business development
manager at Story Chemical and
Union Carbide Corp. Evnin was
awarded his PhD in Chemistry
from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology and also
has an A.B. in Chemistry from
Princeton University
.
CARL FELDBAUM
Carl Feldbaum is the former
leader of the U.S based Biotech-
nology Industry Organisation
(BIO). Feldbaum helped create
BIO in 1993 and was its leader

from 1990 to 2003. He oversaw
its development into the UK’s
largest biotechnology company
until its acquisition in 2004.
Before joining Celltech, Fellner
served as CEO of Roche UK,
from 1986 to 1990.
SIR CHRISTOPHER
THOMAS EVANS
Sir Christopher Thomas Evans is
the Founder and Chairman of
Merlin Biosciences. He is
regarded as one of Europe’s
leading biotechnology entrepre-
neurs and has a proven track
record of establishing success-
ful, high-quality science compa-
nies, eight of which have been
taken public. Sir Christopher’s
considerable contributions to
the biotechnology industry were
honoured with a knighthood in
2001. Sir Christopher is highly
regarded for his efforts to
encourage small business and
entrepreneurship throughout
the UK and Europe. In addition
to being voted Cambridge
Businessman of the Year twice,
he has been awarded the BVCA

National Centre for Genome
Resources and Chairman of the
Board of The Irvington Institute
for Immunological Research. In
1998 Frank was honored for out-
standing contributions in the
field of immunology by the
Irvington Institute, and in 1997,
he received the Biotech Meeting
at Laguna Niguel Hall of Fame
Award for Special Recognition
for an Individual.
ROBERT C. GALLO
Robert C. Gallo spent 30 years at
the National Cancer Institute of
the National Institutes of Health.
For over 20 years he was Chief of
the Laboratory of Tumor Cell
Biology. In 1996 Gallo co-found-
ed and is the director of the
Institute of Human Virology
(IHV), at the University of
Maryland in Baltimore. He is
also a professor of Medicine and
of Microbiology in the university’s
School of Medicine. Gallo and
his colleagues discovered the
cytokine interleukin-2 (Il-2), the
first human retroviruses – name-
ly the leukemia viruses – HTLV-1

ous diseases in developing
countries.
RICHARD B. FLAVELL
Richard B. Flavell joined Ceres in
1998 as the CSO. From 1987 to
1998, he was the Director of the
John Innes Centre in Norwich,
England, a premier plant and
microbial research institute. He
has published over 190 scientific
articles, lectured widely and con-
tributed significantly to the
development of modern biotech-
nology in agriculture. His
research group in the United
Kingdom was among the very
first to successfully clone plant
DNA, isolate and sequence plant
genes, and produce transgenic
plants. Flavell is an expert in
cereal plant genomics, having
produced the first molecular
maps of plant chromosomes to
reveal the constituent seq-
uences. He has been a leader in
European plant biotechnology
initiating and guiding a pan-
European organization to manage
large EU plant biotechnology
research programs more effec-

biochemistry from the University
of Colorado and his BA in chem-
istry from the University of
California, San Diego.
EUGENE GOLDWASSER
Eugene Goldwasser is responsi-
ble for obtaining the first partial
amino acid sequence of purified
erythropoietin (EPO), a hor-
mone that stimulates the pro-
duction of red blood cells, in
1977. His fundamental contribu-
tions in the identification of EPO
led to its therapeutic use in the
correction of anaemia in
patients with chronic kidney
disease, a landmark achieve-
ment in the history of renal med-
icine. The drug has improved the
lives of millions of patients
worldwide and is currently
undergoing tests for use in the
treatment of sickle cell anaemia
and aids. Goldwasser retired in
2002, after 47 years at the
University of Chicago.
ANDREW HAN
Dr Andrew Han established first
biotech start up (Imagene) in
Korea in 1997 riding the interna-

Biology at Harvard University.
Gilbert is also Managing
Director of BioVentures Inves-
tors, Vice Chairman of the Board
of Directors of Myriad Genetics,
and a member of the Board of
Directors of Memory Pharma-
ceuticals
.
15 1
Goldwasser
is responsible
for obtaining
the first
partial amino
acid sequence
of purified
erythropoietin
1
BILL HEMBRECHT
In 1968, Bill co-founded
Hambrecht & Quist, an invest-
ment banking firm specializing
in emerging high-growth tech-
nology companies. He currently
serves as a director for numer-
ous private and public compa-
nies including KQED, Inc., San
Francisco’s public radio and tele-
vision station. Mr. Hambrecht

a role in founding numerous bio-
technology companies, includ-
ing Amgen, Applied Biosystems,
Systemix, Darwin, and Rosetta.
WOO SUK HWANG
Woo Suk Hwang is a Professor
of Veterinary Medicine at Seoul
National University, South
Korea. One of the country’s lead-
ing embryonic stem cell (ESC)
and somatic cell nuclear transfer
(SCNT) scientists, Hwang leads
the Department of Theriogenol-
ogy and Biotechnology, which
focuses on animal cloning and
human ESCs. He started
researching in vitro fertilization
(IVF) and embryo transfer tech-
niques to improve financial out-
come of farmers which resulted
in “elite” or “high performance”
IVF or SCNT cows that produce
a larger amount of milk. In 1999,
he was the first Korean scientist
to report the cloning of a
Holstein cow named “Young-
long.” Hwang’s research career
includes the production of
bovine spongiform enceph-
alopathy (BSE)-resistant cows

establishing seven biotechnology
companies, among them,
Dendreon, Diversa, and Human
Genome Sciences and participat
-
ing in the formation of another
20, including Medimmune, as a
Healthcare Ventures advisor.
RUDOLPH JAENISCH
Rudolph Jaenisch, a founding
member of the Whitehead
Institution at MIT, was the first
person to put foreign DNA (viral
in this case) into mouse
embryos. This eventually led him
to mouse developmental biology.
One of these virus insertions
happened to knock out a colla-
gen gene and the result was a
mouse model for a human bone
disease. Jaenisch’s recent work
includes the role of DNA methy-
lation in mammalian brain
development and the mecha-
nism of X inactivation and
genomic imprinting. His current
work is focused on mouse
cloning. Jaenisch developed a
conditional knock-out mouse
model for MECP2, work that

research areas include structure-
function in rhodopsin and
protein-protein interactions in
amplification and adaptation
among other topics. He contin-
ues to work as the Alfred P.
Sloan Professor of Biology and
Chemistry
, Emeritus, and Senior
Lecturer at MIT.
ARTHUR KORNBERG
Arthur Kornberg received the
1959 Nobel Prize for Physiology
or Medicine for discovering the
means by which deoxyribonucle-
ic acid (DNA) molecules are
duplicated in the bacterial cell,
as well as the means for recon-
structing this duplication
process in the test tube. He is
presently Professor Emeritus at
Stanford University. He helped
discover the chemical reactions
in the cell that result in the con-
struction of flavine adenine din-
ucleotide (FAD) and diphospho-
pyridine nucleotide (DPN),
coenzymes that are important
hydrogen-carrying intermedi-
aries in biological oxidations and

the coded information of DNA
and then serves as the template
for this information’s translation
into proteins. Jacob has won
numerous other awards and is a
member of many honorary soci-
eties, including the F
rench
Academy of Sciences, the
National Academy of Sciences of
the United States, and the Royal
Society of London.
8
5
1
1
4
“It is exhilarating to connect
a human disease to my work.”
—Rudolph Jaenisch
ERIC LANDER
Eric Lander is a Member of
Whitehead Institute and Found-
ing Director of the Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard.
He is also a professor of biology
at MIT and a professor of sys-
tems biology at Harvard Medical
School. Lander was a leader of
the international Human Gen-

where he leads a research team
studying human tumour sup-
pressor gene function. Sir David
is also the Founder and CSO of
Cyclacel, a Dundee-based bio-
technology company developing
novel drugs for the treatment of
cancer. Sir David is internation-
ally recognised for his original
discovery of the p53 protein
SV40 T antigen complex and
for his many subsequent contri-
butions to the field and was
knighted for his contribution to
cancer research in January 2000.
He is co-author with Ed Harlow
of the most successful practical
guide to the use of immuno-
chemical methods: The
“Antibodies“ manual has sold
over 40,000 copies.
ROBERT LANGER
Currently the Germeshausen
Professor of Chemical Engineer-
ing at Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Robert Langer
received his B.S. in Chemical
Engineering from Cornell
University (1970) and his Sc.D.
in Chemical Engineering from

Chinese hamster ovary cells. In
1983 he was able to isolate the
gene which coded for human
EPO from a human donor cell
and then introduced it into a
mammalian cell in culture,
cloning the gene that produces
EPO. This led to the production
of the medicine Epogen
®
(Epoetin alfa), which has vastly
improved the quality of life for
people on kidney dialysis.
MARK J. LEVIN
Mark J. Levin is presently a
member of the Board of Dir-
ectors of Millennium Pharma-
ceuticals and has served as its
President and CEO. In 2002, he
became a peer-appointed mem-
ber of the National Academy of
Engineers. From 1987 to 1994,
Levin was a partner at Mayfield
Fund, a venture capital firm, and
co-director of its life science
group. While employed at
Mayfield, Levin was the founder
of several biotechnology and
biomedical companies, includ-
ing Cell Genesys, CytoTherape-

authored more than 80 scientific
articles.
DENIS LUCQUIN
Denis Lucquin, Managing
Partner, joined Sofinnova in
1991. Denis began his career in
academic research. For five
years, he was in charge of the
technology transfer department
at the National Institute for
Agricultural Research (INRA),
France’s agricultural research
institute. In 1989, he joined the
venture capital industry as direc-
tor of investments at Innolion
(Crédit Lyonnais). He carried out
many investments in France and
other European countries in
companies such as Nicox,
Exonhit, IDM, Neurotech, Innate
Pharma, Neuro 3D, Oxford
Glycosciences, Oxford Mole-
cular, PPL Therapeutics, Crop
Design, Metris Therapeutics,
and Ablynx. He sits on the board
of many of these companies.
Denis is also a founder of
Association F
rance Biotech.
PHILIP LEDER

in the field of molecular biology
KARY MULLIS
Kary Mullis is the inventor of
polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
a vital technique for the amplifica-
tion of specified sequences of
DNA. The process enables scien-
tists to synthesize billions of
copies of a specific DNA strand
in a matter of hours, allowing
indepth study of the selected area.
PCR is used in many areas of sci-
ence, from molecular biology to
forensics and palaeontology.
Mullis received a Nobel Prize for
his work in 1993. And holds sever
-
al major patents; his most recent
patent application covers a revo
-
lutionary approach for instantly
mobilizing the immune system to
neutralize invading pathogens
and toxins, leading to the
formation of his latest venture,
Altermune LLC.
ALISON MURDOCH
Alison Murdoch is the Professor
of Reproductive Medicine and
Head of Department at

received the 1968 Nobel Prize in
Medicine/Physiology for his
translation of the genetic code
and its function in protein syn-
thesis. Nirenberg and his
coworkers deciphered the genetic
code and he helped established
many clonal lines of mouse neu-
roblastoma cells. He created a
neuroblastoma-glioma somatic
hybrid cell line that expresses
abundant opiate receptors which
is used as a model system to
explore the mechanism of opiate
dependence. Nirenberg and col-
leagues discovered and charac-
terized
Drosophila and mouse
homeobox genes. Current stud-
ies focus on determining how a
pattern of neuroblasts that
express the vnd-NK-2 gene is
formed in the central nervous
system.
SHIN-YOUNG MOON
Shin-Yong Moon is the director
of the Korean Stem Cell
Research Centre and serves as a
Director of ART (Assisted
Reproductive Technology),

PaineWebber, where he was most
recently Chairman of Paine-
Webber Development, a Paine-
Webber subsidiary focusing on
biotechnology. Before coming to
Wall Street, Papadopoulos was
on the faculty of the Department
of Cell Biology at New York
University Medical Center. He
continues his affiliation with
NYU Medical Center as an
adjunct associate professor of
cell biology. Papadopoulos is a
cofounder and Chairman of
the Board of Exelixis, and he is
a cofounder and member of
the boards of C
ellZome and
Anadys Pharmaceuticals. He is
also a member of the Board of
Directors of GenVec, Structural
GenomiX, and Beyond Genomics.
EDWARD PENHOET
Edward Penhoet has dedicated
his career to advocating for the
development and discovery of
cures and preventative meas-
ures for many life threatening-
diseases. He is currently the
President of the Gordon and

Plough’s new drug discovery
programs across all therapeutic
areas, and for coordinating
those programs with other
research and commercial
components. Pickett came
to Schering-Plough Research
Institute from Merck Research
Laboratories, where he served as
Senior Vice President, basic
research.
SIR PAUL NURSE
Sir Paul Nurse who shared the
2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine, is President of The
Rockefeller University. Previously
he served as Chief Executive of
Cancer Research UK, the largest
cancer research organization
outside the United States. Sir
Paul’s research includes discov-
eries of molecular mechanisms
that regulate the cell cycle. His
work, which is fundamental to
understanding growth and dev-
elopment, is also vital to cancer
research, because mistakes in
the cell duplication process can
contribute to the formation of
tumors. Sir Paul joined the

up. Prakash believes that genetic
engineering will help the human-
ity and help enhance the quality
of life for all. He has spent the
past five years intensively on
biotechnology education and
outreach.
DENNIS J. PURCELL
Dennis J. Purcell is Senior
Managing Director of the
Perseus-Soros BioPharmaceut-
ical Fund (PSBF). He is respon-
sible for the overall management
of the fund, which is dedicated
to making private equity invest-
ments in the life sciences indus-
try. Prior to joining PSBF, Purcell
served as Managing Director
and Head of Life Sciences
Investment Banking Group at
Hambrecht & Quist (now J.P.
Morgan H&Q). He was honored
in the “Biotech Hall of Fame” by
Genetic Engineering News in June
1998 and named to the
Biotechnology All-Stars list by
Forbes ASAP in May 1999. Prior
to joining Hambrecht & Quist,
Mr. Purcell was a Managing
Director in the Healthcare

Plant Sciences and has contrib-
uted to food security in develop-
ing countries. Focusing on
development and application of
genetic engineering technology
for crops such as rice (Oryza
sativa), wheat (Triticum aes-
tivum), sorghum (Sorghum bicol-
or), and cassava (Manihot escu-
lenta)
. Potrykus researched the
problems areas of disease and
pest-resistance. He is consid-
ered the inventor of “Golden
Rice” and is chairman of Hum-
anitarian Golden Rice Board and
Network. A recipient of numer-
ous awards, Potrykus is a mem-
ber of the Academia Europaea,
the World Technology Network,
and the Swiss Academy of
Technical Sciences.
CYNTHIA
ROBBINS-ROTH
Cynthia Robbins-Roth, the
founder of BioVenture Publish-
ing and BioVenture Consultants,
has been part of the biotechnol-
ogy industry since 1981. A fre-
quent speaker on issues and

of the first clinical neurologists
to apply molecular genetic
strategies to neurological dis-
eases. His laboratory at Duke
University Medical Center
reported the chromosomal loca-
tion for more than 15 diseases,
including several muscular dys-
trophies. He led the team that
identified a form of the APOE
gene as a susceptibility gene in
late-onset Alzheimer disease.
His work has greatly contributed
to understanding of susceptibil-
ity genes in the epidemiology of
many common diseases. He has
discovered genes for more than
a dozen other diseases. At GSK,
Roses has continued to expand
the support of clinical research
and access of academic investi-
gators to new technologies like
interactive proteomics, single
nucleotide polymorphism’s
(SNPs) linkage mapping, and
whole genome SNPs mapping.
WILLIAM RUTTER
William Rutter, cofounder of
Chiron, is a renowned scientist,
academic, and corporate leader.

2005. He has also been a
founder and/or director of Aston
Molecules, Cambridge Biotech-
nology, Amedis and Sirus all of
which were successfully sold.
Prior to Chiroscience he was at
ICI (now Zeneca) and PA
Consulting. He is a Cambridge
graduate with a PhD in Enzyme
Chemistry. He is a founder
member of the C
ambridge
Angels, a founder investor in
LibraryHouse.
61
5
1
1
Potrykus is considered the inventor of “Golden Rice”
FREDERICK SANGER
Frederick Sanger and his col-
leagues developed many of the
techniques still used in genomic
biology to this day. The funda-
mental method of ‘reading’ DNA
using special bases called chain
terminators, the use of very thin
gel systems, the adaptation of
efficient cloning methods to pro-
duce both DNA strands and the

bone marrow-derived stem cells
to repair, regenerate and remod-
el tissue in acute and chronic
disease settings. As chairman
of Centocor, he shepherded
the firm through setbacks and
successes of drug approvals
such as US F
ood & Drug
Administration approval of
ReoPro, a drug to reduce heart
attacks in patients who have had
angioplasty, and approveal of
Remicade for Crohn’s disease
and rheumatoid arthritis.
HELMUT M. SCHÜHSLER
Helmut M. Schühsler is manag-
ing partner of the Life Science
team at Techno Venture Man-
agement, a German-US venture
capital company. He has been
responsible for over 20 TVM
investments in life science com-
panies, and has since 1990
served on various committees,
among others as a member
of the Senate of the Hermann
von Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Deutscher Forschungszentren
(HGF). Currently he is a board

Industrial Biotechnology Assoc-
iation and was founding chair-
man of the Biotechnology
Industry Association’s Food and
Agriculture Division. He is the
current Chairman of the Board
of University of California, Davis,
CONNECT and serves on the
advisory board of the Friday
Harbor Laboratories of the
University of W
ashington.
KAROL SIKORA
Karol Sikora is Professor of
Cancer Medicine and honorary
Consultant Oncologist at
Imperial College School of
Medicine, Hammersmith
Hospital, London where he was
Clinical Director of Cancer
Services for 12 years. He is
Scientific Director of Medical
Solutions, Britain’s leading can-
cer diagnostic company and
Special Adviser to HCA
International in the creation of
the London Cancer Group This
includes the construction of a
major new international cancer
centre for care, teaching and

earliest DNA sequencing. Sir
Edwin received a knighthood for
services to the development of
DNA technology in 2003. Sir
Edwin also founded a charity
The Kirkhouse Trust to promote
education and research in the
natural sciences. This charity
is financed using royalty income
from licensing microarray
technology
.
HENRI A. TERMEER
Henri A. Termeer is Chairman
and CEO of Genzyme. Under his
leadership, Genzyme has grown
from a entrepreneurial venture
into one of the world’s top
five biotechnology companies.
Termeer is renowned worldwide
for his contributions to the
biotechnology industry and par-
ticularly noted for his expertise
in financing new initiatives. His
innovative approaches have
earned Genzyme the Laguna
Niguel Best of Biotech award in
1991 and 1994, as well as the
Laguna Niguel Hall of Fame
Award in 1997. In 2002, Termeer

involves centres in the U.S.
Canada, Switzerland, Germany
and Italy. Shapiro and the Islet
Transplantation Group were
awarded the ‘Outstanding
Leadership in Alberta Science
Award’ from the Alberta Science
and T
echnology Foundation
(AST
ech) in October 2000.
1
1
Sanger is the only chemist to have
received two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry
1
ALAN TROUNSON
Alan Trounson’s research during
the late 1970s established IVF
as a practical and repeatable
method for the treatment of
human infertility that was adopted
worldwide. Trounson presently
leads the Monash University’s
IVF scientific team. His work in
devising culture methods for fer-
tilization and the early develop-
ment of the IVF embryo, resulted
in the birth of normal IVF babies
for many couples. Trounson also

highly informative fluorescent
reporters of signaling and gene
expression in live cells and has
creatively used them to elucidate
fundamental mechanisms of cal-
cium signaling and synaptic
plasticity. These fluorescent
probes make possible a wide
range of high-throughput
screening assays and explo-
rations of cell function. Tsien has
won a number of awards for his
work including the recent 2002
Heineken Prize for his work on
green fluorescent protein. Tsien
is a co-founder of Senomyx, a
biotechnology company using
proprietary taste receptor-based
assays and screening technolo
-
gies to discover and develop
novel flavor enhancers and taste
modulators for the packaged
food and beverage industry.
THOMAS TUSCHL
Thomas Tuschl is Associate
Professor and Head of the
Laboratory for RNA Molecular
Biology at Rockefeller University.
His work on manipulation of

Medicine in 1987 for his discov-
ery of the genetic principle for
generation of antibody diversity.
Although he received the Nobel
Prize for his work in immunology,
Tonegawa is a molecular biolo-
gist by training. In his later years,
he has turned his attention to
the molecular and cellular basis
of memory formation. In 1981,
he became a professor at the
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, where he is still
based as Picower Professor of
Biology and Neuroscience and
a Howard Hughes Medical
Institute investigator.
MARC VAN MONTAGU
Marc Van Montagu is Chairman
of the Institute Plant Biotech-
nology for Developing Countries.
Marc Van Montagu was formerly
Full Professor and Head of the
Laboratory of Genetics at the
University of Gent (Belgium)
and part-time professor at the
Free University of Brussels
(VUB). His main fields of
research are cell biology, chem-
istry, virology, biotechnology,

Varmus received the 1989 Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine
along with J. Michael Bishop. In
1993, Varmus was named by
President Bill Clinton to serve as
the Director of the NIH, a posi-
tion he held until his appoint-
ment as CEO of the Memorial
Sloan-Kettering C
ancer Center.
J. CRAIG VENTER
J. Craig Venter is founder and
president of the J. Craig Venter
Institute and the J. Craig Venter
Science Foundation. The Venter
Institute conducts basic
research that advances the sci-
ence of genomics; specializes in
high volume genome sequenc-
ing, and explores the ethical and
policy implications of genomic
discoveries. The Venter Science
Foundation supports both the
Venter Institute and The
Institute for Genomic Research
(TIGR), an affiliated research
organization led by Claire M.
Fraser. Venter founded TIGR in
1992. While on faculty at the
National Institutes of Health,

ognized, Ullrich has been active-
ly involved in application-orient-
ed gene technology-based
research and the development of
the biotech industry in the US
and Germany for the last 25
years. As a postdoctoral fellow at
the University of California in
San Francisco (1975-1978) he
laid the groundwork for the first
gene technology-based thera-
peutic product by cloning the
first medically relevant gene
encoding Proinsulin. As one of
the leading scientists in
Genentech, Ullrich acquired in
depth research management
experience and was instrumental
in the development of the first
recombinant DNA-based thera-
peutic protein, human insulin
(Humulin) and the first target-
specific anti-oncoprotein thera-
peutic for the treatment of
breast cancer, Herceptin. Ullrich
is the founder of two successful
biotech companies Sugen and
Axxima.
11
5

was Professor of Macromolecu-
lar Science and Director of
the Laboratory for Biological
Macromolecules. In addition to
serving as the author of more
than 130 scientific articles, books
and chapters, Walton holds
patents in the fields of molecular
biology and biotechnology.
Walton was a founder of Human
Genome Sciences and Gene-
Logic and is the Founding
Chairman of the Biotechnology
Venture Investors Group.
JAMES WATSON
James Watson is best known for
his discovery of the structure of
DNA for which he shared with
Francis Crick and Maurice
Wilkins the 1962 Nobel Prize in
Physiology and Medicine. In
1968, Watson became Director
of Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory and steered the labo-
ratory into the field of tumor
virology. In addition to the high-
level research on cancer, plant
molecular biology, and cell bio-
chemistry, the laboratory func-
tions as a postgraduate university

Wilmut and Campbell continued
their studies, and in 1997 creat-
ed Polly, a sheep cloned from
fetal skin cells that had been
genetically altered to contain a
human gene. Wilmut, who
states that he sees no reason for
the pursuit of the first cloning of
a human, conducts his research
with the hopes of producing ani-
mals that act as manufacturing
plants for valuable human pro-
teins, which are costly and diffi-
cult to produce in large amounts
elsewhere.
BERT VOGELSTEIN
Bert Vogelstein was the first to
elucidate the molecular basis of
a common human cancer. His
work on colorectal cancers
forms the paradigm for much of
modern cancer research, with
profound implications for diag-
nostic and therapeutic strategies
in the future. He has received
numerous awards recognizing
this work and is a member of the
U.S. National Academy of
Sciences. Vogelstein is currently
the Clayton Professor of

professor of neurosurgery
at Benjamin F
ranklin-Medical
Centre, Free-University Berlin.
Zhu serves on the executive
committee as the current treas-
urer for Asia-Australiasian
Society of Neurological Surgery.
ALEJANDRO ZAFFARONI
Alejandro Zaffaroni’s distin-
guished career in the health sci-
ences has spanned nearly five
decades. During his 50 year
career as a scientist and entre-
preneur, Zaffaroni helped to
transform the pharmaceutical
industry. His novel methods for
controlled drug delivery have
improved medical therapy
throughout the world. Through a
combination of scientific creativ-
ity and entrepreneurial insight
and drive, he created new bio-
chemical processes, drug deliv-
ery technologies—most signifi-
cantly, the birth control pill,
transdermal patches and once-a-
day pills—and pioneered the
development of new biomedical
industries. Zaffroni has founded

UK. He has worked at this labo-
ratory for more than 30 years,
and is a pioneer of the science
and application of protein and
antibody engineering. He is a
prolific inventor, in particular of
“humanized antibodies” by CDR-
grafting and of human antibod-
ies by selection from combinato-
rial antibody repertories: most
therapeutic antibodies on the
market utilize his inventions. He
is a co-founder of two antibody
biotech start-ups (Cambridge
Antibody Technology and
Domantis), and currently serves
as a Director and Chairman of
the Scientific Advisory Board of
Domantis.
11
5
1
Zhu led the first team
to successfully grow
human brain cells in
the laboratory
produced by
in association with