NGHIEN cuu-TRAO
DOI
Ban them ve
ngiroi
hien tai trong quan niem
cua
Khdng
- Mgnh va anh
huong
cua no
a mpt
sd nuioc phuong
Bong hien
dqi
IRAN QUANG ANH*
N
ho
hpc
la
ddng cM'nh
cua
van
hda
cd
dai
Trung
Hoa,
nd da
gdp
phan lam nen
ti'nh

ngudi ta
dac
biet
chii
y
den vai trd cua
Nho
hpc.
Nho
hpc
la
trie't
hpc
cM'nh
tri
-
dao
due bao
ham nhieu npi
dung phong phii
va da dang, trong
dd
quan
die'm
eua
Khdng
tir
va
Manh tu
ve

da
quan
niem kha
ro ve
ngudi
Men va
sau
dd
dupe Manh tuke
thita,
phat
trie'n.
Thdi Dong
Chu,
ngoi vua dupe truyen
' Tmdng Dai hgc Kinh
te,
Dai hgc Da Nang
tu, khong cdn truyen Men nhu
thm
Nghieu
-
Thuan
nira. Ngoi bau
dirpc
nha vua truyen lai
cho
con ddng
trudng,
hoae chau ddng

Tdn
that
Hoang
tpc
khdng du ngudi tai gidi de cai tri dan, thi
cac
vuong
trieu phong
Men
phai
diing mpt sdngudi tai
due
trong
tMen ha
vao
viee
tri
nude,
dd
la
nhirng "ngudi
Men".
Ngudi Men thuc chat la ke
si
trong tu
dan.
Hp
la
nhirng ngudi khdng
lam

ngudi
Men
la nhirng ngum phai dpe sach, hpc tap, thuc hanh li
nhac,
nhan nghia thuan
thuc
rdi mdi
ra
lam
quan.
Hp
la
nhirng ngudi
day
cong
tu chf luyen ren
mdi
trd
nen
Men
nhan tai
diic
dupe.
1.2.
Tieu
chi
tuyen chon ngudi hien
tdi
25
NGHIEN

ed
the dupe bieu Men mpt each toan dien
hoae timg
mat.
Ngudi
cd
tai nang Met xua't tren nhieu
Hnh vuc thudng qui Mem, hp thudng la vi nhan cua
mdi thm dai. Da
so'
ngudi tai nang thudng thien ve
mpt mat, mpt linh
vuc.
Trong nhirng mdn sinh tai gidi
nha't ciia Khd'ng tir, moi ngudi ciing chi cd mpt vai
nang
kMeu nhat dinh." Gidi an
ndi,
tir
lenh
cd
Te Nga,
Tu
Cdng;
gidi ve chi'nh tri
cd
Nhiem Hiru, Quy
Lp;
gidi
ve

khie'n"
Men gia tai vi,
nang gia tai
chiic"
thi
qud'c
gia
mdi
thinh
vupng.
Theo
Khdng - Manh, tai
diic
la nhirng tieu chf khdng the
thieu kM tuye'n chpn ngudi Men, trong dd cai
gd'c,
cai
coban
ciia ngudi hien la due. Chinh vi vay, dudng ldi
due tri chi phdi toan
bp tu
tudng Khd'ng
-
Manh. Manh
tu cho rang: "Ngudi binh thudng ma dupe thien ha,
can phai cd due ca nhu dng Thuan, ong
Vii",
va ngai
Trpng Ni (Khd'ng tu) la " bac thanh
diic"^.

la bae thanh ciing khdng the
trd
thanh
ngudi tri vi tMen ha dupe. Manh tu
ndi:
"Ngudi binh
thudng ma dupe tMen ha, can phai cd
diic
ca
nhu dng
Thuan,
dng
Vii;
lai niia, can phai cd bac thien tir tie'n
eu minh (dng Thuan da cd
diic,
lai dupe vua Nghieu
tien
cii-,
dng Vii
la ngudi Men, lai
dupe
vua Thuan tie'n
cu, nen hai dng ay mdi
dupe
lam vua). Bdi vay ngai
Trpng Ni dau la bac thanh due, nhung chang dupe su
tien cu cua thien tu, nen chang dupe thien
ha"^.
Nhu

lap vdi
che
dp quan chu
quy
tdc.
Hinh
thire
tie'n
eu
ngudi
Men,
theo
Khd'ng tutra ldi
Trpng Cung
la:
"Hay
cii de
bat nhirng ngudi anh biet,
cdn nhiing ngudi anh khdng biet
tM
le nao ngudi khac
bd
hp"^.
Day la mdt bien phap diing dan, Men thuc,
kha thi.
Cimg vdi
Mnh thuc tien
cu,
Mnh thiie cau
Men

tu ciing da timg chi giao dd'i vdi cac vua Luong Hue
vuong, Luong Tuong
vuong,
Te Tuyen vuong, vua Muc
Cdng,
vua Van
Cdng,
vua Binh Cdng " Luan
ngii''
va
"Manh tu"
vin
cdn ghi lai nhung ldi giao hoa thang
than, sau sac cua Khd'ng - Manh, dd la su the Men
diing khi cua
cac
bac thanh nhan xua.
1.4. Vai
trd
vd muc dich
ciia viec
tuyen chon vd sit
dung
ngudi
hien tdi
1.
Luan
ngd,
Nguyin Hien Le
ehii djeh va

tr.
99.
5. Luan
ngu,
Nguyin Hien Le chu djeh
va
gidi
thieu,
Nxb Van
hgc,
H,
1995,
tr.
212.
26
NGHIEN
cuu-TRAO
DOI
Trong "Luan ngii" va "Manh
tu", Khd'ng
-
Manh khdng chi xac
dinh tieu chi cua viec tuye'n chpn
ngudi
Men,
ma cdn khang dinh vai
tro,
muc dfch cua viec sir dung
nguoi
Men.

cd
the kMen
cho
ngudi cong
queo
hda ra
cM'nh
truc"^.
Quan die'm nay
cd
ngudn gde
tir
trong
lich sir
Trung
Qud'c:
kM dng
Thuan
dupe
thien
ha de bat dng Cao
Dao,
kM
dng
Thang len lam vua de
bat
dng Y
Doan da lam cho nhirng ke bat nhan
sp
ma

Vdi tri tue quang bae uyen tham, hai
dng
da nMeu lan giao hda
ve
dudng
ldi
tri
nude,
ve dao
due nhan
Man
cho
nhirng
bac
quan vuong
cac
nudc Ld,
Te,
Ve,
Trau,
Dang,
Viet
nhirng
ldi
chi giao sau sac,
thang than.
Muc dich ciia viec tuye'n chpn va su dung ngudi
Men tai, xet den
ciing,
la nham tang cudng sue manh,

nham muc dfch cung
cd
quyen
lire
cua giai cap quy tpc phong
Men.
Dieu dd
phan anh
suthong
nha't va mau
thuIn
giira lap trudng
quy tdc va tu tudng than dan, giiia che dp truyen tu
ciia nha Chu vdi chu truong ehinh tri ngudi Men cua
Khd'ng-Manh.
2.
Anh
hudng ciia
van de tuyen chon va su
dung ngudi hien tai
a
mot
so nudfc phuong
Dong
hien
dai
Khdng phai mpi
tu
tudng eua mpt hpc thuye't nao
dd deu

ye'u td
ti'ch
cue
nha't dinh. Do
vay,
viec ke
thua nhirng tinh hoa
tu
tudng
Nho hpc
ndi
chung, chu truong tuye'n chpn va su dung ngudi hien
tai
ndi
rieng
la
vain de
can tMet
ddi vdi cac nwc
phuang
Ddng Men
dai.
27
NGHIEN cuu-TRAO DOI
Dua tren nhiing phuong thirc ke thira van hoa
truyen
thdng,
xa hpi
phuong
Ddng Men dai da

tien
hp
tMet lap mdt
he thd'ng giao
due Men dai va su dung nhirng ngudi td't nghiep dai
hpc ed
nang
lire
trong linh
vuc cai
tri,
bat
chap
ngudn
gd'c gia
dinh
ciia hp"l Tu tuong Khd'ng - Manh
da dupe
nang len d
trinh
dp
mdi trong tinh than dan
tdc
Nhat
Ban,
gdp
phan
dem lai su
thanh
cdng to ldn

dieu
hanh cdng viec
va cd che dp dai ngd xiing dang dd'i
vdi
cac
nhan tai
Met
xua't.
Die'm chung cua Nhat
Ban,
Han
Qude,
Dai Loan,
Singapore
la khuyen
kM'ch va
thu nhan nhan tai tir
nudc ngoai
den.
Day
la
sir
the
Men tu
tudng cau Men
trong xa
hpi Men
dai,
la
con

quan
ly dupe dao
tao
coban d
My. Cdn
d
Singapore, dng Ly Quang Dieu ndi rang:
"Nude
ta
vdn dupe hudng che dp td'i hue
qud'c,
nhan tai
ciia chiing ta de'n
tur
Malaixia,
Thai Lan, Inddnexia.
May ddi
nay Singapore
la
trung
tam giao due cua Ddng
Nam
A.
Nhieu ngudi da
d
lai dinh
ctf'^.
Dao due
tu than,
sir

luan cua Ly Quang
Dieu,
Nxb CTQG,
H,
1994,
tr.
234.
9. Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam:
Van
kien Dai hgi dai bleu toan
qude
lan
thtiX,
Nxb CTQG, H,
2006,
tr.
277.
dan Viet
Nam,
nhan dan the gidi kinh trpng Cu Hd
bat dau tir su
b'nh
trpng
y
thiic tu than nay de kinh
trpng
nhan
each cM'nh
tri.
Tieu

bd,
theo
Bae Hd
phai la ngudi tai
due
song
toan, la ngudi "vira hdng, vira chuyen". Ke thira tu
tudng Hd CM
Minh,
Dai hpi Dang toan
qud'c lan
thiiX
da
xac
dinh:
"Dang
phai
cham lo xay
dung,
ren luyen
dpi ngii can bp, dang vien cd du ban linh chfnh tri,
pham chat, tri
tue
va
nang luc
hoat
dpng thuc
tiin
de
hoan thanh nhiem

trpng dung nhan tai
va
da dat
dupe
nhiing
ket qua
budc
dau.
Cd
the
ndi,
van de dao tao va
sur dung
ngudi
Men
tai
d
mdt
so'nudc
phuong
Ddng Men dai mang
dau an
nhirng tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai tir xua den nay,
trong
dd
tu tudng cua
Khd'ng -
Manh
ddng vai
trd rat

Van
hgc,
H,
1995 tr 180.
2. Thugng Manh
td,
Doan Tmng Con
djeh,
Nxb
Trf
Ddc
Tong
Tha,
SaiGon, 1950, tr.101.
3. Ha Manh
tu,
Doan Tmng Cdn
djeh,
Nxb
Trf
Ddc Tdng Thd,
Sal Gdn,
1950,
tr.
97.
4.
Sdd,
tr.
99.
5. Luan

9. Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam:
Van
kien Dai hoi dai bieu
to^n
qude
lan
thdX,
Nxb CTQG, H,
2006,
tr. 277.
28