HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS AND
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
NGUYEN THI GIANG HUONG
HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT FOR WOMEN IN VIETNAM
AT PRESENT TIME
Major: The Dialectical Materialism &Historical Materialism
Code : 62 22 80 05
THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN PHYLOSOPHY
Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Nga
HANOI - 2013
I
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY
I hereby declare that the research paper titled “High-Quality Human Resource
Development for Women in Vietnam at Present Time”is my own work and to the best of
my knowledge. Data and materials used in the thesis are real with obvious origins; findings
in this thesis are studied results of the writer.
AUTHOR OF THE THESIS
Nguyen Thi Giang Huong
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
1
Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO THE THESIS
6
1.1. The research works related to the thesis
6
1.2. The value of the referenced works and further study
22
Chapter 2: HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

human resource for women
124
CONCLUSION
146
LIST OF AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS
149
LIST OF REFERENCES
150
APPENDIX
161
III
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BCH : Committee
BTV : Standing Committee
CĐ, ĐH và sau ĐH : Undergraduate and Graduate
CNH, HĐH : Industrialization and Modernization
HĐND : People’s Council
NNLNCLC : High-Quality Female Human Resource
NNLCLC : High-Quality Human Resource
NNLN : Female Human Resource
NNL : Human Resource
QH : National Assembly
TCCN và TC ngh
ề
: Vocational Training
TW : Central level
IV
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 3. 1:

85
Table 3.11:
Percentage of female labor leaders, management of the Central
State
86
Table 3.12:
Percentage of female workforce participation level People's
Committees
89
Table 3.13:
Some basic indicators related to maternity care, 2001 – 2009
96
Table 3.14:
Number of hours worked by the average per person/per day
ational level
97
Table 3.15:
Average income/month NNLCLC
109
1
INTRODUCTION
1. The urgency of the theme
The development of human history has demonstrated the important
role of women in producing materials, spirits, especially human
reproduction. However, in most places of the world, compared with men,
women still suffer disadvantages and their role and position in family and
society has been undervalued.
In recent years, on a global scale, many countries have achieved female
human resource achievements in all aspects: On the social level, women
participate more in social activities of society. In the family, women also have

capabilities. It is proven that women are not inferior to men in terms of
intellectual, ability and other qualities. Thus, the development of female
human resource, especially NNLNCLC is one of the important issues today,
because if not we will lose half the power of the country for socio-economic
development. Furthermore, the liberation and development of intellectual
potential of NNLNCLC is an urgent objective requirement of social
development. As the social development has created the objective conditions
for the exploitation and development of that potential at higher level. In order
to exploit the maximum power of NNLNCLC, we have to combine an
effective manner the impact of objective conditions and subjective factors in
the process of NNLNCLC development. Therefore, NNLNCLC development
in our countries should be considered as an important part of NNLCLC during
the development of the country.
3
As part of Vietnam’s women and human resource of our country,
NNLNCLC work creatively with enthusiasm and their inherent ability to
contribute to the construction and protection of the country and the struggle for
women's liberation. At the same time, the earnest desire of NNLNCLC is that
social and family give them the favorable objective conditions to improve their
ability to contribute to development of a rich and strong Vietnam.
For this purpose, the study of NNLNCLC development viewed from
the interaction between the objective conditions and subjective factors seeks
their contribution to socio- economic development in our country in recent
years. Based on the results, finding feasible solutions to develop NNLNCLC
to meet the requirements of the reform of the country's is an urgent significant
theoretical and practical issue.
Deriving from the above reasons, the postgraduate student chooses the
topic “High-Quality Human Resource Development for Women in Vietnam
at Present Time” for the doctoral thesis in philosophy.
2. Objectives and tasks of the thesis

4. Rationale and Research Methods
4.1. Rationale: research thesis is based on the perspective of Marxism -
Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Ideology, the Communist Party's views on
Vietnam human, human resource, high quality human resource, women's
roles, women's liberation and the previous studies of working women.
4.2. Research Methodology:
5
The thesis uses points of dialectical materialism and historical
materialism ideology of Marxist-Leninist philosophy- as a basic methodology
for interpretation and analysis.
The thesis uses the history and logic, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and
generalization, comparison, statistical data processing methods.
The thesis is also in conjunction with the interdisciplinary approach of
the sociology of gender and science.
5. Scientific contributions of the thesis
The thesis clarifies NNLNCLC, NNLNCLC development and the
importance of developing NNLNCLC in Vietnam today.
The thesis contributes further analyses some basic contradictions of
gender perspective in the development of Vietnam NNLNCLC today. On that
basis, the thesis offers a number of solutions related to objective conditions
and subjective factors primarily aimed at NNLNCLC development in
Vietnam today.
Initially, the thesis has new approaches to gender issues in strategic
NNLNCLC in particular and NNLCLC of Vietnam in general.
6. The theoretical and practical meaning of the thesis
- The thesis contributes to the study of the theoretical and practical
NNLNCLC, adding scientific basis referenced in making strategy and policies
related to NNLNCLC development in Vietnam today.
- The thesis may make reference application in research, teaching and
learning about NNLNCLC, gender and development in universities and

intelligentsia situation and policies of the Party for the intelligentsia, which
7
have developed a strategic partnership with Vietnam intelligentsia to deserve
as the backbone, the essence of the human resources.
Dr. Do Minh Cuong, Dr. Nguyen Thi Doan (2001), Human Resource
Development of higher education in Vietnam, National Political Publishing
House, Hanoi. The book mentions some contents about higher education, and
proposes feasible solutions for human resources development of higher
education, highly qualified human resources in our country, for the
industrialization and modernization process.
Dr. Nguyen Huu Dung (2003), Effective use of human resources in
Vietnam, Social- Labor Publishing House, Hanoi. The book presents a system
of theoretical issues and practices related to the development, distribution and
use of human resources in the development of a socialist-oriented market
economy in Vietnam; evaluation of 15 years of human resource innovation;
introduction of experience of U.S, Japan and China on this issue, and then the
solution proposed for the development, proper distribution and effective use
of human resource in the economic development in our country by 2010.
Pham Thanh Nghi, Vu Hoang Ngan (eds) (2004), Human Resource
Management in Vietnam-Some theoretical and practical issues, Social
Sciences Publishing House, Hanoi. The book is a collection of research
papers, articles, presentations at the State-level Science and Technology
Program Project KX.05.11 workshop (2001 - 2005), with the theories,
experiences, and recommendations on human resources management in
Vietnam. The work has important implications for our State to efficiently
manage Vietnam Human Resource, contributing to promote modernization
and implementation of socialist-oriented reform.
Dr. Doan Van Khai (2005), Human Capital in the process of
industrialization and modernization in Vietnam, Publishers Political Theory,
8

proposed the application of the appropriate human resource management
model to replace outdated models. At the same time, the book also offers the
views and solutions to improve the efficiency of human resource management
in three areas: state administration, public service delivery units, and
business. The proposals are comprehensive, uniform, science - based and
feasible.
Ministry of Planning and Investment (July 2011), General report on
Vietnam workforce development plan (2011-2020). The Report, a valuable
scientific work of scientists, has focused on the following important issues:
Current situation of HRD with the fundamental achievements, the main
limitations and its causes; Vietnam HRD Orientation by 2020 and the raised
issues; The main measures implemented workforce development planning in
Vietnam during 2011 - 2020; organization of Vietnam workforce development
plan 2011-2020.
1.1.2. The research works related to high-quality female human
resource
Dr. Bui Thi Ngoc Lan (2002), The intellectual resources of the
innovation in Vietnam, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. The
author has pointed out the important role of intellectual resources for the
development of the society and also clarified the characteristics and situation
and development trends of intellectual resources in Vietnam, thus affirming
the need to care for the development and promotion of intellectual resources
in the reform in Vietnam. On that basis, the author has proposed the basic
ideas and the main measures such as raising awareness of the society about
the need to develop intellectual resources for the reform; education and
10
training reform to provide foundation to develop the intellectual resources;
building sound cultural and social environment, promoting sustainable
intellectual resources of Vietnam. These are feasible solutions to HRD in the
country's human resources. The work has important implications for

the reinforcers. The authors have stated their views on NNLCLC and showed
the impact factors. They have initially assessed the situation of our country
NNLCLC groups and proposed directions and measures to develop Vietnam
NNLCLC in the coming years.
Dr. Pham Hong Tung is chief editor of Brief Study on Discovery (2008),
Training and Using of talent in the History of Vietnam, National Political
Publishing House, Hanoi. Virtually, the book brings us a concise and
comprehensive assessment about both pros and cons in practical training as
well in using talent over the era of our forefather's generation from the period
of nation building to the North conquered period, passing the construction
period of the monarchical state independent (the tenth century to the
fourteenth century) to the middle age in Vietnam with folk conception of
talent usage; besides, a lastest conception of human resources formed from
late nineteenth century to early twentieth century a long with the appearance
of the Westernized intelligentsia in Vietnam. Finally, the author makes clear
ideas thought of Ho Chi Minh in training generations of talent to contribute to
build the Party rescuing the country. Wherein, the author draws out useful
lessons contributing to the scientific foundation for the development of
strategic planning, using, in the long, honoring talent - NNLCLC in Vietnam
today.
12
Human resource strategy of China 1978-present, Ed. Dr. Nguyen Thi
Thu Phuong (2009), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. By studying
definition, strategic formation and talent strategy from 1978 to now, her work
has highlighted the principle of Chinese strategy in using talent through talent
concept. Thereby, the author also points out the advantages and
disadavantages of talent strategy in China to get some lessons for talent
development strategy of Vietnam nowadays. Her work also give good
reference for the Party and the State in proposing policy as well formulating
total strategies for talent, the most important point of NNL.

basis of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh thought, author have gone
deeply into analysis, then clarifying the theoretical basis and practical
guidelines aslo policies of our Party. Especially, he approaches the problem
systematically to give the fact assessment in the situation of officer in our
country today; wherein proposing specific and feasible solutions to contribute
to consolidate and improve the quality of multilevel staff.
Nguyen Thi Thanh Dung (2010), Ho Chi Minh Thought in apply to
build leader staff and manage board in our country today, National Political
Publishing House, Hanoi. The book reflects broadly and systematically the
basic content of the Ho Chi Minh ideation, which set out a number of feasible
solutions in order to contribute to the directing the leaders, management board
of our country today.
The experience of some countries to develop education and training,
science and technology associated with the construction of the intelligentsia
published by Institute of Educational Sciences of Vietnam (2010) , National
Political Publishing House, Hanoi. Authors has analyzed countries’ education
14
and training policy together with development of science and technology to
draw out lessons for Vietnam.
Besides typical books and research of both internal well-known
scientists and administrators, there have scientific articles also mentioned that
issue such as:
Developing NNLCLC along with the modernization of the country and
international integration (2002), Dr. Nguyen Huu Dung (author.), Journal of
Political Theory 8, T8/2002. In his article, he has formulated the concept of
NNLCLC, summarized NNLCLC situation in our country today, on this
basis, proposed the basic solution to promote intellectual resources during the
renovation period.
Assoc. Prof., Dr. Bui Thi Ngoc Lan (2007) reported a number of
additional for strategic development of human resource development in

the current status of Vietnam human resources deeply to multilevel, such as
farmers, workers Since then, he has taken measures to develop human
resources Vietnam at present, in order to improve the quality of human
resources to meet the country’s requirements of industrialization and
modernization.
According to "Problem developing high-quality human resources in our
country", Journal of Labor and Social Affairs, No. 329, May 2-2008, authors
Nguyen Tien Dung and Do Van Dao assess the status of NNLCLC, pointing
out the problems and shortcomings which give solutions to NNLCLC
development in our country today.
16
Assoc. Prof., Dr. Pham Thanh Nghi issued experiences of human
resources development in countries and regions of East Asia, (2009), Human
Research Journal 2 (41) in 2009. Through his article, the author focuses on
analyzing NNL developing experience of Japan and some East Asian
countries such as Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, where has the basic
content but comprehensive: human is considered as center and the most
decisive factor, and developing human resources to the needs of growing
economic – social with predicted strategy in order to associate with general
training and specialized training; meanwhile performs State and the private
sector’s role in responsibilities of business, attracting and meritocracy.
Authors Nguyen An Ninh, Le Thi Anh Tuyet joined the conference with
"Some experience in building and promoting high-quality human resources
from Dung Quat”, Journal of Labor Union, No. 436, September, 2009. Their
article highlighted the experience of developing and promoting NNLCLC
over recent years at Dung Quat oil refinery as in the training, use and create a
favorable environment
Development NNLCLC for economic integration - urgent matter after the
crisis, (2009), Prof., Dr. Hoang Van Chau (Ed.), Journal of International
Economics No. 38/2009. In his article, by showing the approach angle of high

meritocracy, Journal of Organization state 1/2011. By considering talent as
the key element of NNLCLC, the author introduces the definition,
characteristics and the role of talent. Since then, the author has given not only
the basic points of discovering and using talent for critical use and talent
honor nowadays but also ancient’s experience.
18
Assoc., Dr. Phan Thanh Khoi and Dr. Nguyen Van Son issued The
intelligentsia Building strong, high quality, meeting the requirements of
national development, Propaganda Magazine No. 7/2011. The authors have
confirmed the role of intellectuals - the creative force is particularly key
element in the great progress of building and protecting the country. From
that point of view to make the most basic solutions for building the
intelligentsia, especially the construction of the intelligentsia in the Resolution
of the Eleventh National Party Congress.
Dr. Do Thi Thach, author of Strategic Human Resource Development in
the document's XI Party Conference, the Party History Journal 7/2011. In her
article, she went on to clarify the development strategy NNL as the
documents of the XI Party Conference. At the same time, the author also
indicates new perspectives in the NNL development, thereby highlighting the
Party's views on the developing solution for NNL and NNLCLC.
Foreign Research: Besides the study of internal scientists, there have
remarkable works done by international scholars with different angles of NNL
and NNLCLC. In example: Respect for intellectual respect great design talent
hundred years to revive the country, Tham Vinh Hoa - Ngo Quoc Dien (eds.)
(1996), National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. This book is meaningful
reference to Vietnam for the currnt renovation, modernization of the
country. The book said about ideas of Deng Xiaoping talent - leaders, general
engineer of reform, opening up and modernization construction of socialism
in China, who has combined the basic Marxism - Leninism tenet with China's
reality, founders reasoned model building socialism colored China. Thought

20
HDH, the view of creating jobs for Hanoi women in the period of CNH and
HDH; solutions to create jobs for women workers in Hanoi during the period
of CNH and HDH.
Vo Thi Mai (2003), The role of female managers in the state of CNH,
HDH, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. The author presents the
issues gender administrators in the state apparatus, contributing to clarify the
status and trends in relation to the role women managers in the process of
CNH, HDH of the country, and propose some solutions in order to further
enhance the position and role of women in leadership in the management of
the state machine to the demands of modern management requirements.
Duong Thi Minh (2004), Vietnam family and the role of women in the
current period, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi. The content of
the course focuses on basic elements affecting the family and Vietnamese
women's role in the family, the basic characteristics of Vietnam and families
tend to change the role of women in the current period. From there, the author
sets forth the issues and build a new family to promote the role of women in
Vietnam in the current period.
Authors Do Thi Thach (2005), Promoting human resource Vietnam
female intellectuals in the industrialization and modernization, National
Political Publishing House, Hanoi. The author refers to a number of problems:
Some of the common problems of female intellectuals and intelligentsia: the
notion of female intellectuals and intelligentsia, the basis to assert intellectual
qualities in a woman; a number of factors affecting the intellectual qualities of
women; characteristics, the role of the intelligentsia and present raised questions:
the formation and characteristics of female intellectuals and trends in the
characteristics of the current period, the role of women intellectuals in the
country's development process, the requirements of industrialization and