më ®Çu
!"#$%&'%
"()*+%,-%-./
+%&0.%%1102*
,./3%4(4-*,-
'4526%7)8 (09%.0#
8#):;8 3%2<8.=#9
9.78%%.*,+%.>
7*,432?!@=85,A
“
!"# "$%&'”
@@88
.1#=+%%9*B.//
C&%D2./*,E4(F(
-*,-#*,*/+1*'
@@G%H2
I&!0 +./,./
04B7%+#2<%1*,45
04B0J7K1-*
,-0,--L%1.4
4(!M$#5-; -
8#12
N,*9"OP8%./,!4(
-(0#;4(%4@,
-#52QC&,=@6:=@L
08!%RC%S"'@0-
T
0,--L%U<V?W9(X4@%+#
0<V?.2
Y
5 J2`48G1)(87 48G
848GK,8)(81C^B+
2I#%(-(E48G848
GK1.402
c8./P=,4(!M$#
54@; #54@8#1
] *,@./%%,=
10*,@P=82?*,,(
-*,-1,9-,1"
0*%P=2?*,,-*;,-]
]):M.%C&KBETfgh
88]1B =*14(2<8
.OJC']1B./K-"C%,
.,./,*,8
iCKOB./,P=,1.//C&
%2
?e1,,-1)38C9@
,-@%+#01<V?1.8
.B6:=@-0%RC%S"1B
*$2?&-)38C@,-"A
>j38C@9(,0<V?2
>?(-)38C@2
k
><!%A.0<V?1,"0
%l#%K7 &0(/#
8,"0%2<8..@8
"0%GX#4@./3C*.
.4(*,-2
>j$"0,-A"0,-0'!
0#):U"0G48W2
UY>TW
ở38Ar
)
>2
à>"0B0J7
R
S
s(5t#J.):2
c"0B07-(#F"0#
301&#%%+,J7;/# C5
B0J72?7%4B"0C5#
):.,J7-@8.@Y>T2
u
Yh
h2Y
h2k
h2u
h2v
kh uh vh Thh
à
)
w
Nx7.-
Nx7x>01*
Nx78,
Nx71E
()*+,-./0123456750869
p"&#%/# ):2):
%%-12I0488.9(
4@-CD4"-# ThhwU):
" 4C^*."b1-M$
):C^" -1.X#%):2y
g
): 4C^*.#.):
E-(E*z *87)(8-*.
71"0*71EC&4
%0O+ Thhw2
2-2. §éng lùc häc cña « t« trong qu¸ tr×nh phanh.
<%7 -+8.C04
@1C&."A
m9@CD4@ =K$"A
∑
+±+++=
+
==
θθ
cossin WfWDFFD
g
W
MaF
rAxrxfxx
UY>dW
ë38AI>-0 ):
)
>0:%98#
R>5 ):
>057
6
)
Α
r
)
|
R
R
%
"
θ
θ
R
6
)
r
)
>O"
6
}
>(--!U,#W
θ>1.7
|
>"0(E{UV
)|
~V
)
W•R%"θ
−=
22
2
2
0
f
xt
V
V
F
M
x
UY>oW
)>4]7
B/e.iF7i=
0):4]7i@9=02
<%4@(5#8M1)*#
,%535 ):,C9"O0
2?/UY>uWCD"8M(5#2
A
A
xd
D
L
h
D
)
s0
}
s,%(--!
N0):(5OE(5O
"(%4@O/UY>gWUY>vW>
A
−+=
A
A
x
fspxmf
D
L
h
Lg
hWD
WF
µ
UY>gW
ë38A
ë38A
r
)
s+O"
R
"
s5 tO"
N9(/UY>dW%7 θ{h
h
(--!
--1A
xrxfx
FFD
g
W
F ++==
∑
€(6
)
8/UY>gWUY>vWFUY>fWUY>ThW
Th
L
h
L
hF
W
F
p
xmr
rs
+
=
1
UY>ThW
I048iF+O&
#%O"C%0(5C,!
9O):"&#%O
):2
2-3. Cơ sở lý luận của quá trình phanh.
`@-CK8+$!"bCK
$!#-%(%*82`BG
1-X8#e2@=8
4@(./(4(!M$
-2
2-3.1 Hiệu quả phanh và tính ổn định hớng của ôtô khi phanh
?@./38],=*,*,
4(!M$-2<784]7
%=0"0-
à
y
2
<K/UY>gWUY>vW%*8-(5#C,
!.+O1+ 9
+O"2IJ-++O2
@=814(30"*
)
2pm
8
3F(O
):
"
21/"U
"
{hW.i•+Om
8
2
{
2J^m
8
48:%,;.C^*M
$21/):
{h
"
≠h:C%J^
48:%(X1α2</-1/):
TY
8#0+-1/=88
#M$92
q3!.@-):8#‚)(81/
8
m
8
m
)
xM
)
"
{h
α
()*G,"@AB/67C
DEF/
-14(O+*,-21/):
"8#:%X-!48G8.^1
-(E,-8#):(1
483):( 82<8.,-=8
GX7(1-(3
+27-1-++.48.
e18#89C%*!M$21/
•7):-38..&^1
8#‚2%)*(.8-.
7G"bC^48G2
C¸c chØ tiªu ®¸nh gi¸ hiÖu qu¶ phanh
<K9"OP8]./O@./38
1C'ki.4("A
- q]7D2
- €0=C-H
… ~
~ ~
I[ ~ ~ ~
m ~ ~
N/ ~ ~
<&8t ~
<&8 ~
= ~ ~
2-3.2 æn ®Þnh ®éng häc cña « t« trong qu¸ tr×nh chuyÓn ®éng
`):48GCC&833):$.4
&%1"&C5):#1%12
I:48C%83J&.3):2`1
:48C%83"bA
h
R
v
MM
n
2
=
UY>TTW
I:88M(J.):2€("Q):48
GO(58M# Ơ
):!%(
Ơ
):!%E.# Ơ
t
Z
L
b
MgZ ∆+=
2
1
2
UY>TYW
s
Z
L
a
MgZ ∆−=
2
1
3
z
s
Z
L
a
MgZ ∆+=
2
1
4
UY>TdW
<K@Y>o/UY>TYWUY>TdW*8F-8
#.7G):!%CD$ 9):!
.%@-L%8+&#%(KJ>
8
)
β
p
()*J,";KL=;MKN
8(Jb2<%,7 i#""
X%,-"bC^*4[+%8#1C^
+%2`8#.7G0#%J
+=():##C^):$ 0
3E##"b):$ .%):*M$
1$=2
`48G1)(8 48G%J48
GK):48GK(‚/C&.
!.%(%(.$(-3F
83C^):"$ .*%
):$E!%*!M$2I:8,
"((-(‚/C&.):
!%EO+1t(.):3F8
3eB%):-$ 2N,8 F
,i:#9"!%
1(:8,):2?C&.
):"!%"b+%.: ,:
48G(-(E48GK2`):48G
(.C&."1)%):
>p#O+
€
:
><‰"08,9-!
€
%%"
><‰"08,
r
"
>p•$G)%
}
"%
><C)8!
j8!•"9*/*E!%
0M$*"*%7 X#•
02
2-4.2 §iÒu hoµ lùc phanh
Tv
()*O,"@APQ57=;R>
DK=S,
r
"
r
I?
@(5#8M]1O/UY>uW"*
! %*O74%%"z-
4("1)$1/%-2*,81
(-4"QC&,%2?#,%
%L"*O!!" -"*
XU9/0(5#8M!W8
1"0+-2yFB%*():
%+#)4'"0*00]
/%L+$%*138 *X
@4]7*2N38#&!0
0]/8.&.8 (O%!M$
-(EC^):2
IJC'(0#CK):&!9(0
+1-+ %57 2):O
.71,J-0U71EW=8O.
():"b--8-L%+
*%*(."b+%#:48C^-L%):"
#.%):*M$2?(,-"*O"
(!M$z9O;+"-
"*B)8):.-38:8M
4/.8C^7(*"/,iE4
0+:4812
Yh
00]/1B%O):
+ $*9/O'+@.
%K(/-++2N,8E!M$#
&.00]/2
`(E&#,%.2N,-
+0+ .! C%1-(E
P2`(E%-45-i%M$
8#G%-(E4+=2?00
]/,84,-'+2
<%!%#54@7C'$
"0%%(2?"08 )$F
:%9-L%):$]/%%t-
):$ .Thhw2
h
2</XF$µ
)
79/λ%-%(
KTh>dhw2ë$# 0λ
h
@"b+ +t
4("b%*•7((%0!M$!
C^-C%"0µ
8
1$%2
N 8.1.@O+1$
00]/):5}y2
&9(}yB%):%4@O
# 8M%#+ˆ4$λ
h
C%1((%
4(%*•7((%!M$!C^0
-t((%* 0*2
NB%):O'# 4$λ
h
%
+ˆ-C^ ]/):-@
(,i"**U*X%J-!WC^9*
2,i81:%8.P-"
38A
- <:%0=C): 2
- <:%$# %2
- <:%$‰"00#48):0=C
12
y#)QP
-
y#)QP
!
I+
c0
-
(
):
Œ
<
<Œ
<0
-
¾48
()*+[,"@A4V
()*\,$]C !"
<0#):
<0#):
<
0
#
- CDCD9CC+"9+2
9+%#CG00]/
@8O@Y>TT2<%"98-):-%J(0#
"bOtrạng thái phanh bình thờngU%-W2"%+#
#0]/ ((%"*.CG%1%
):$1z%+#.("*trạng thái
giảm ápU6:8W-4(8%L):]/E0CO
+2,!)"* $Otrạng thái giữ hoặc
tăng/giảm áp Uc%C%yC6:8Wtăng áp chậmU%SyCW
Yk
,- $F•tr¹ng th¸i t¨ng ¸p nhanhŽUr"yCW
U,- "QC&%B,-J78M
"8K7"71EW2<%-l
]/+"b8M+ "*-4():
%+#@Y>f2`8.0]/CK+•tr¹ng th¸i kÕt
thócŽUŠC}%-W 1+99
0O,•tr¹ng th¸i phanh b×nh thêngŽU%y-W2
9•##,-7 iO@Y>TY2
-•VŠŠ<Ž%$##,-%GJ
!%•%%#0Š?‹;!%
0#):C%0#3!,-%+#
0]/•48,-+%+#9
92
Yo
€B%J
E
<E
m@
x7