BÀI
MỞ
ĐẦU
ĐỘNG
TỪ
VERB
Động
từ
được
dùng
để
làm
hành
động
cho
chủ
từ.
sơ
đồ
dưới
đây:
Ve
rb
:
Special
verb
:
Auxiliary
verb
:
(do,
have,
be)
Modal
verb
verb
:
Irregular
verb
:
(run,
write,
speak,
drive…)
Động
từ
tiếng
Anh
có
hai
loại:
biệt
gồm
có:
*
Động
từ
trợ
(auxiliary
verb)
:
be
(dùng
để
chia
các
(dùng
để
chia
các
thể
phủ
đònh
và
ngh
i
vấn).
-
He
is
working
hard
this
thụ
động)
-
He
has
learned
English
for
two
years.
(thì
hiện
tại
hoàn
thành)
-
đònh)
*
Động
từ
khiếm
khuyết
(modal
verb)
:
cần
phải
có
động
theo
sau.
-
đổi
sang
thể
phủ
đònh
ta
chỉ
cầ
n
thêm
NOT
vào
sau
các
động
từ
đầu
câu.
-
He
is
not
working
hard
this
month.
-
Is
he
working
hard
this
-
She
cannot
swim.
-
Should
we
go
there
?
(2) Động từ thường gồm có :
1
* Động từ có qui tắc (regular verb) : là động từ khi thành lập thì quá khứ
đơn
(simple past) hay quá khứ phân từ (past paticiple) ta chỉ cần thêm –ED vào sau
động
từ đó.
- I opened the door this morning. (simple past )
- I have opened the door. (past participle)
* Động từ bất qui tắc (irregular verb) : là động từ có hình thức quá khứ (x
em cột
2 của bảng động từ bất qui tắc) và quá khứ phân từ (xem cột 3) riêng.
THÌ
(THE
USE
OF
TENSES)
Thì
biểu
thò
thời
gian
và
trạng
thái
của
hành
động
từ
tiếng
Anh.
Để
hiểu
được
hình
thái
của
các
thì,
ta
có
thể
nghiên
cứu
I
(You
/
We
/
They)
work
-
He
((She
/
It)
works
-
I
am
working
SIMPLE
PRESENT
VÀ
THÌ
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
Tiếng
Anh
có
hai
thì
hiện
tại
mà
đa
số
đơn
(Simple
Present)
và
thì
hiện
tại
tiếp
diễn
(Present
Continuo
us).
*
Thì
Simple
Present
nhất
thiết
phải
là
thời
gian
ở
hiện
tại.
Thời
gian
nói
chung
là
thời
tháng
(every
month),
mỗi
năm
(every
year),
mỗi
mùa
(every
spring
/
summer
/
autumn
- That child needs care.
- This book belongs to me.
- He never comes late.
+ Chúng ta cũng dùng thì Simple Present để chỉ một chân lý hay một sự t
hật hiển
nhiên (a general truth).
- The sun rises in the east.
- Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom.
(2) Thì Present Continuous còn được dùng để chỉ hành động ở một tương lai
gần (a
near future action) và thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow, n
ext
week, next month, next year, next summer…
Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present contin
uous
tense.
1/ I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
2/ My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer.
3/ The student (look) ___________ up that new word now.
4/ She (go) __________ to school every day.
5/ We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.
4
6/
Miss
Helen
(read)
now
.
8/
Bad
students
never
(work)
__________
hard.
9/
He
generally
(sing)
__________
in
English,
sometimes
(buy)
___________
vegetables
at
his
market.
12/
Be
quiet.
The
baby
(sleep)
____________.
13/
We
(want)
_________
__
to
catch
it.
15/
It
(be)
__________
very
cold
now.
16/
John
(travel)
__________
to
go
to
the
museums.
19/
Mary
(love)
__________
ice-cream.
20/
My
mother
(cook)
___________
some
often
(leave)
__________
the
city
at
weekends.
22/
The
guests
(watch)
__________
the
TV
programmes
now.
west.
25/
My
friend
(study)
__________
English
for
an
hour
every
night.
26/
Listen.
I
(hear)___________
tense
at
the
moment
and
I
(think)
__________
that
I
(know)
__________
how
to
use
it
30/
Two
and
two
(make)
__________
four.
*
2
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
PRESENT
PERFECT
VÀ
THÌ
SIMPLE
Exercise II : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past te
nse.
1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.
2/ We (wacth) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before.
4/ He (read) __________ that novel again during my last vacation.
5/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.
6/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.
7/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him
3
weeks ago.
8/ The school bell (ring) __________. We must go now.
9/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a v
ery big
girl.
10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.
12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now.
6
13/
They
(begin)
__________
to
study
long
ago
(he
start)
__________
to
learn
French
?
16/
She
(lose)
__________
her
handbag
and
she
cannot
g
o
home
yet.
18/
His
dog
(just
run)
__________
out
of
the
___________
to
Mexico
by
air
last
summer.
*
3.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
PRESENT
PERFECT
VÀ
THÌ
PRESENT
quả
của
m
ột
tình
trạng
ở
hiện
tại
(the
result
of
the
present
state),
một
và
kéo
dài
đến
hiện
tại.
+
Thì
Present
Perfect
Continuous
(Hiện
Tại
Hoàn
Thành
of
an
action)
cho
tới
hiện
tại.
-
I
have
been
waitingfortwo
hours,
We
have
been
working
in
the
gardenallmorning.
+
Thì
Present
Perfect
Continuous
live,
rest,
stay…
-
They
have
been
learning
English
since
1995.
-
The
chair
has
been
present
perfect
or
the
present
perfect
continuous
tense.
1/
I
(try)
__________
to
learn
French
for
Dickens.How
many
(you
r
ead)
_________
?
3/
I
(wait)
__________
here
nearly
half
an
hour
for
in
the
garden
all
day
because
she
(be)
______
____
ill.
7
5/ Although John (study) __________ at the University for 5 years, he (
not get)
__________ his degree yet.
6/ Jack (go) __________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never,
be)
__________ there.
7/ We (live) __________ here for the last six months, and (just, d
ecide)
__________ to move.
8/ That book ( lie) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not
ont
door.
11/ How long (you learn) __________ English?
12/ That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.
13/ Alice (lose) __________ her Vienamese-English dictionary.
8
14/
Fred
(just,
graduate)
__________
from
Oxford
University.
15/
The
earth
(circle)
__________
long
as
Ican
remember.
17/
That
brown
briefcase
(belong)
__________
to
Dr.Rice.
18/
Jim
(work)
museum
(stand)
___________
here
for
ceturies.
21/
The
sun
(get)
__________
very
hot
during
the
afternoon.
home
after
this
lesson.
24/
Davis
(play)
__________
football
every
afternoon.
25/
Up
to
the
present,
PAST
VÀ
THÌ
PAST
CONTINUOUS
+
Thì
Simple
Past
(Quá
Khứ
Đơn)
được
dùng
để
chỉ
Past
Continuous
(Quá
Khứ
Tiếp
Diễn)
được
dùng
để
chỉ
một
hành
động
kéo
dài
trong
met
him
while
he
was
crossing
the
street.
-
She
was
going
home
when
she
saw
điểm
thời
gian
xá
c
đònh
ở
quá
khứ
hoặc
hai
hành
động
liên
tiếp
song
was
doing
my
homework
while
my
father
was
watching
TV.
Exercise V :
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
bar
when
I
(see)
__________
him.
2/
When
I
(go)
__________
out,
the
sun
(shine)
__________
,
she(carry)
__________
an
umbrella.
5/
We
(walk)
__________
to
the
station
when
it
(begin)
in
German
y
and
(work)
__________
as
a
journalist.
7/
The
house
(burn)
__________
fast,
so
we
(talk)
__________
to
him.
9/
The
servant
(drop)
__________
two
cups
while
she
(wash
up)
_______
telephone
(ring)
__________;
as
he
(go)
__________
to
answer
it,
he
(hear)
__________
a
knock
on
ju
st
as
he
(open)
__________
it,
it
(stop)
__________.
*
5.
SO
SÁNH
THÌ
SIMPLE
PAST
VÀ
hành
động
xảy
ra
trước
một
hành
động
khác
cũng
trong
quá
khứ
(past
action).
-
the
station,
the
train
had
gone.
+
Thì
Past
Perfect
còn
diễn
tả
một
hành
o’clock
last
night,
I
had
gone
to
bed.
Exercise VI :
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
__________
their
work.
2/
He
(do)
_________
nothing
before
he
(see)
___________
me.
3/
He
(thank)
(hurt)
__________
him.
5/
After
they
(go)
__________
,
I
(sit)
__________
down
and
(
rest)
me
for
many
years
when
I
(mee
t)
__________
last
week.
8/
He
(learn)
__________
English
before
__________
.
10/
They
(tell)
__________
him
they
(not
meet)
__________
him
before.
1
0
ense.
11/
He
see)
___________
Dr.
Rice.
13/
By
the
time
Bill
(get)
__________
there,
the
meeting
(start)
________
____________
in.
15/
Almost
everybody
(leave)
_________
for
home
by
the
time
we
(arrive
)
________.
*
(Quá
Khứ
Hoàn
Thành
Tiếp
Diễn)
dùng
để
nhấ
n
mạnh
tính
liên
tục
của
hành
She
had
been
studying
English
before
she
came
here
for
classes.
(Hành
động
had
been
studying
She
had
studied
English
before
she
came
for
classes.
(Hành
động
had
studied
chấm
dứt
trước
I
got
up
this
morning.
(Mưa
đã
dứt
khi
tôi
t
hức
dậy.)
-
It
was
Put
the
verbs in
brackets
in
the
past
simple
or
the
past
p
erfect
continuous
tense.
1/
for
an
hour.
3/
Although
he
(go)
__________
to
the
doctor
for
6
months,
he
________
__
answered.
5/
They
(tell)
__________
me
you
(live)
__________
in
London
before
th
e
war.
6/
noon
that
day,
we
(drive)
__________
for
5
hours.
8/
The
robber
who
(watch)
__________
him.
9/
I
(ask)
_________
her
what
she
(do)
_______
since
she
(arrive)
______
__
in
THÌ
SIMPLE
FUTURE
VÀ
THÌ
FUTURE
CONTINUOUS
+
Thì
Simple
Future
(Tương
Lai
Đơn)
diễn
tả
tương
lai);
còn
thì
Future
Continuous
(Tương
Lai
Ti
ếp
Diễn)
diễn
tả
một
hành
động
the
stadium
next
Sunday.
-
We
will
/
shall
have
the
final
test.
Hãy
so
sánh
mai,
t
ôi
sẽ
bắt
đầu
dùng
bữa
điểm
tâm.)
-
I
will
be
eating
breakfast
at
tâm.)
+
Trong
các
mệnh
đề
trạng
từ
chỉ
thời
gian
(adverb
clause
of
time)
hay
thế
cho
thì
Simple
Future.
-
I
shall
not
go
until
I
see
him.
-
If
ngôi.
Exercise VIII
:
Put
the
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
simple
present
or
the
simple
until
he
(answer)
__________
me.
3/
Wait
until
I
(catch)
__________
you.
4/
I
(be)
_________
__________
out.
6/
Miss
Helen
(help)
___________
you
as
soon
as
she
(finish)
_________
that
letter.
7/
you
(be)
_________
ready.
9/
He
(tell)
__________
you
when
you
(ask)
__________
him.
1
2
10/
SÁNH
THÌ
FUTURE
PERFECT
VÀ
THÌ
FUTURE
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
+
Thì
Future
Perfect
(Tương
Lai
Hoàn
khác
trong
tương
lai
hay
một
điểm
thời
gian
ở
tư
ơng
lai.
-
The
taxi
will
lived
in
Dalat
for
5
years.
+
Để
nhấn
mạnh
tính
liên
tục
của
hành
động,
time
you
receive
this
letter,
we
shall
have
been
travelling
throug
h
Russia.
-
By
next
in
brackets
in
the
simple
present,
simple
future,
present
perfect
or
future
perfect
tense.
1/
I’ll
(already
buy)
__________
a
ne
w
house.
3/
Don’t
come
until
I
(finish)
_________
lunch.
4/
I
begin)_________
to
rise
until
some
rain
(fall)_________
_.
6/
I
(stay)
__________
here
until
you
(finish)
his
work
before
you
(leave)
__________.
9/
Before
you
(go)
__________,
they
(leave)
__________
the
country.
verbs
in
brackets
in
the
simple
present,
simple
future,
f
uture
continuous
or
future
perfect
tense.
1/
When
George
(come)
__________
this
afternoon,
he
(bring)
________
__
his
friends.
1
3
3/ I (speak) _________ to you about that matter after the meeting tonig
ht.
4/ By the time you (receive) __________ this letter, we (cross) _______
___ the
Atlantic Ocean.
5/ By this time next week, you (meet) __________ my boyfriend, Ali.
6/ I (wait) __________ for you right here when you (come) __________
12/ I (never see) __________ snow.
13/ Violets (bloom) __________ in spring.
14/ We (not live) ___________ in England for the last two months.
15/ I (lose) _________ my keys; I cannot remember where I last
(see)
_________ them.
16/ He (not arrive) __________ when I (write) __________ my last lett
er to
you.
1
4
17/ Whenever you (go) _________ to town nowadays, you (spend) ____
_____
a lot of money.
18/ I (never forget) __________ what you (just tell) __________ me.
19/ They (prepare) __________ the Christmas dinner today.
20/ When I last (stay) ___________ in Cairo, I (ride) __________
to the
Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) ____________ the day before.
21/ I (finish) ___________ the book before my next birthday.
22/ “Hello! (You make) __________ a cake ?
23/ He (walk) __________ very quickly when I (meet) _________
_ him
yesterday.
24/ We (meet) __________ you tomorrow after you (finish) _________
_ your
work.
25/ Yesterday I (buy) __________ a new watch as my old one (b
e)
__________ stolen.
10/ I (study) _________ English for six years now.
1
5
11/ I expect he (leave) __________ for France as soon as he (get) ____
______
a visa.
12/ He (visit) ______ his friend yesterday and (find) _______ that
he (be)
________ out.
13/ They (sell) _________ all the dresses before we (get) __________ t
here.
14/ After she (work) __________ at the hospital for two years, she (deci
de)
__________ to give up the job.
15/ He will come at once because I (tell) __________ him by phone that
you
(need) __________ him urgently. I’m sure he (find) __________ his way
easily
although he (never visit) __________ this house before.
16/ By the time you get back, I (finish) __________ all my corresponde
nce and
then I (can help) ______________ you with yours.
17/ In a few minutes’ time, when the clock (strike) __________ six, I (w
ait)
__________ here for an hour.
18/ He (know) ________ her a long time before he finally (get) _
______
married to her.
19/ I hope it (not rain) __________ when the bride (leave) __________
the
6
2/ My mother (call) ___________ me around 5 o’clock. My husband (
come)
_________ home a little after that. When he (come) __________ home,
I (talk)
___________ to my mother on the phone.
3/ Next month I (have) _________ a week’s vacation. I (plan) _________ to
take a
trip. First I (go) _________ to Madison, Wisconsin to visit my brother. After I (l
eave)
________ Madion, I (go) _________ Chicago to see a friend who (study) ____
_____
at a university there. She (live) _________ in Chicago for three years, so she (
know)
_________ her way around the city. She (promise) _________ to take me to
many
interesting places. I (never, be) _________ in Chicago, so I (look) _________ f
orward
to going there.
4/ Yesterday John (eat) _____________ breakfast at 8:00. He (already,
eat)
_________ breakfast when he (leave) ____________ for class at 8:45. He (alw
ays,
eat) _________ breakfast before he (go) _____________ to class. I (usually, no
t eat)
_________ breakfast before I (go) _________ to class. But I (usually, get) ___
______
hungry about midmorning. Tomorrow before I (go) _____________ to class, I (
eat)
_________ breakfast.
coffee stall and (dive) ___________ into the water. He (have) ___________ to
swim
twenty five metres before he could get to the taxi. The taxi driver
(try)
______________ to wind down the window. The hawker reached into the taxi f
or the
safety-belt. After he (release) __________ the safety-belt, he pulled the driver
out
through the partially open window. At the hospital, the driver (say) _________
___
that the black out might (cause) ______________ by his high blood pressure co
ndition.
1
7
8/ Marie Curie, the Polish-born chemist, was a courageous and determined
woman.
She (leave) ___________ her home for Paris to pursue her interest in science.
Living
in poverty, she still (manage) ___________ to graduate at the top of her class.
She
(meet) ___________ Pierre Curie shortly after graduation and (marry) ______
_____
him a year later.
Together, Pierre and Marie (form) ___________ the most famous husband-
and-
wife partnership in science history. They (discover) ___________ the radi
oactive
elements, Polonium and Radium. They (award) ___________ the Nobel P
rize for
Physics in 1903.
đề
chỉ
điều
kiện
(tức
mệnh
đề
phụ)
còn
được
gọi
là
mệnh
đề
có
clause
Main
clause
Simple
present
If-clause
Main
clause
Past
Subjunctive
(If
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