DONG
TD KET
CHUOI
TRONG
TIENG
ANH,
c6
D6\
CHIEU
vdi
MOT
SO
NHOM
DONG
TD
TUONG
QNG
TRONG TIENG VIET
Nguyin
Thi
Hong Hanh
Ban
Qiian
he
Quoc
te,
DHQG
Hd Not
Trong tieng Anh
c6
nhieu nhdm dong

tue ndi
chuyen.)
I
saw
John come
up the
street.
(Toi
nhin thay John
di
tren
pho.)
Trong
hai vi du
tren,
cac
dong
tijt
"kept", "saw",
dting
d vi tri dau
tien trong dong
ngii
chinh
la
dong tu:
ket
chudi.
Chung
ddi hoi cac

nay
la khong
cd
gidi
ban: tat ca cac
dong
tir,
trif
dong
i\i
diing
sau
ciing,
deu
la
dong
tuf
ket
chudi.
Trong
mot
dong
ngiJ
cd the cd hdn hai
dong
ttt
ket
ehuoi.
Vi du:
He kept

kha
'chat
che',
vi du
khong
the ndi "He
kept
to
talk",
"I
want going
to
London".
630
Trong bai viet nay, chung toi se tim hieu cac cau true cd ban va
ngut
nghia cua nhdm dong tu: ket ehuoi, lam cd sd doi chieu mot so'
nhdm dong tii tUdng
dUdng
trong tieng Viet.
I.
TifiU
CHI
PHAN LOAI
DONG
Ttf
K^T
CHu6l
F.R.Palmer trong cud'n "The Grammar English Verb", 1974 da
dua

ti§u
t\i
"to":
I
didn*t
want to look at the time.
(Toi khong muon xem dong ho.)
I don't want anyone to touch you. (Toi khong mud'n bat
cijf
ai
cham
vao ngudi em.)
- Dong til
CO
duoi -ing (-ing form):
After a time, she quit talking. (Sau mot hoi, c6 ay
ngijtng
ndi.)
She kept talking. (Cd ay
vin
tiep
tue
ndi.)
- Dong
ttt
cd dudi -en (-en form) :
He got short in the riot. (Anh ay bi bin trong cuoe noi loan.)
Tuy nhien,
chi
cd hinh thai

ehuy§n)
a + e (nguyen dang cd tieu
ttr
"to")
John kept talking. (John tiep tue ndi chuyen.)
a + c (V-ing)
John wanted the man to talk.
a + b + e (nguyen dang cd tieu
tif
"to")
(John mud'n ngUdi dan
dng
ndi chuyen.)
John kept the man talking.
a
+
b + e (nguyen dang khong cd tieu ttf "to")
John
ctJt
de ngUdi dan ong ndi chuyen.)
Trong hai vi du dau, chu ngut cua "to talk" va "talking" la "John".
Trong hai dong ngut nay khdng cd danh ngii
"chen"
vao
giula
dong tiif
ket ehuoi - "wanted", "kept" va dong
tii
khdng chia.
Trong hai vi du sau, chu

ttf
di sau nd cua danh
nguc
(NP).
Chi
cd dong
ngii phijfc
mdi cd kha nang nay.
Vi du:
John wanted the
man
to talk.
John kept the man talking.
632
Trong hai dong
ngQ phlie
trong hai vi du tren, cd sU xuat hien cua
danh ngii "the man". Trong trUdng hdp nay, "the man" la chu ngii cua
menh de phu/doan ngii khdng chia, la chu ngii cua hanh dong "to talk"
v^
"talking".
Ngodi
ra,
dong
ngiJt phiic
con c6 mot so dac
tritng
sau day:
(i) Dang phu dinh cd the dUde
sxi

ly
do ngii phap. Cae dong ttf 'help' (giup dd), 'fail' (that bai) hoae 'get'
(1^'y,
nhan) khdng dUde sii dung de
diln
dat cac hanh dong hoae trang
thai phu dinh va thudng khdng diing vdi sU kien khdng ed that.
(ii) Doi vdi mot
so'cau true
cua dong tit ket chudi, ciing c6 the danh
dau
thdi
(tense) d moi mot dong tii (vdi
"have").
I prefer to have finished before he comes. (Toi mud'n ket thue
cdng viec
trude
khi anh ay den.)
Trong vi du tren, dong tif ket chudi "prefer" ket hdp vdi "to have
finished" - dang
thtic
hoan thanh nguyen dang.
Trong vi du dUdi day "prefer"
lai
ket hdp vdi to finish - dong ttf
633
nguyen dang cd tieu ttf to .
I prefer to finish before he comes.
Su khac nhau
giiia

thiie
bi
dong, chung gidng cac trd dong ttf hdn la cac dong ttf chinh va ve mat
ngii nghia chung ed mot so' dac trUng
ctia
dong ttf tinh thai - dUdng
nhu, dang xay ra v.v. Nhu vay ed the thay la khdng cd sU phan biet
rd
rang
giiia
cac trd dong ttf chinh cap (primary auxiliaries), cac dong ttf
tinh thai (modals) va dong ttf ket chudi.
Cd the nhan thay
s^c
thai nghia khac nhau giiia hai
c^'u
tnic bi
dong sau day:
He saw them punished. (Anh ay nhin thay ho bi
trtfng
phat)
He saw them to be punished. (Anh ay nhin thay ho
s^p
hi trtfng
phat)
Theo chung toi, sU khac biet
chti
yeu giiia hai cau true bi dong
tren chinh la ve thdi gian.
634

dti
v^y
cd the cd
each
ndi bi dong trong cau "I want them
being taught" (cau sai)
hkng
each
si
dung dong ttf nguyen dang cd tieu
ttf 'to' thay vi
stf
dung dong ttf dang -ing:
I want them to be taught. (Toi mud'n ho
dUde
day dd.)
(iv) Dong tit ket chudi c6 the xuat hien trong 4 cau
trdc cO
ban sau day:
-
NPl
V
[(NPl)
V]
- NPl V [NP2 V]
- NPl V NP2 [(NP2) V]
- NPl V NP2 [(NPl) V]
Trong dd :
- NPl la danh
ngfl thii

NPl V [(NPl)
V]
I hope to go to China for this summer holiday.
NPl V /(NPl)V A A/
(Toi hy vong di Trung Qud'c vao ky nghi he nay)
She began to read a novel.
NPl V /(NPl)V NP2/
(Cd ay bat dau doc mot quyen tieu thuyet)
Trong hai vi du tren, danh ngii
d
phan phu (ehu ngii cua menh de
phu) triing vdi danh ngii
d^u
tien ("I", "she") cua cau.
b.NPl
VINP2V]
I want him to go to China for this summer holiday.
NPl V /NP2 V A A/
(Tdi mud'n anh
§'y
di Trung Qud'c vao ky
nghi hd
nay.)
/ wanted her to play
^/lepmno,
(Tdi mud'n cd ay chdi piano).
NPl V /NP2 V NP3/
Trong hai vi du tren, danh ngii NP2 xuat hien vdi
chttc
nang bo

"to study").
d.NPl
V NP2 [(NPl) V]
I promised him to go to China.
NPl V NP2 /(NPl)V A
(Tdi hiia vdi anh ta la toi se di Trung Qud'c).
Trong cau true nay danh ngii lam chu ngii cua menh de phu trung
vdi ehu ngii cua menh de chinh
(chti
ngii cua "promised" triing vdi chu
ngii cua "to go". Vdi y nghia nay, dong ttf "promise" la dong ttf duy
nh^'t
khdng can den gidi ttf
trUdc
danh ngti.
II.
PHAN LOAI
DONG
itT
K^T
CHu6l
Dua vao cac
eiiu
true
ed ban eung vdi cae hinh thai khdng chia cua
dong ttf ciing
xu^'t
hien, cae dong ttf ket chudi cd the dUde chia thanh
cac nhdm nhd sau day. Tuy nhien, sU phan chia nay ciing mang tinh
vd doan va ddn gian boa bdi vi cd kha nhieu dong ttf

phue
thue hien hanh dong, vi du nhU persuade, advise, challange, force,
teach,
assist, bring, direct, invite,
lead,
remind,
request, tempt, expect
I persuade the doctor to examine the boy.
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V NP3/
(Tdi thuyet phue bac
si
kham benh cho cau be)
b.
Cac dong ttf mang y nghia ra
lenh,
bat buoc chi xuat hien trong
hai cau
true:
-NP1VNP2
[(NP2) V];
- NPl V [NP2 V]
trong dd mot ngUdi nao dd nhan lenh, hoae mot hanh dong cd the dUdc
ra lenh
thUe
hien ma khdng
nhic
den ngUdi
nh^n
lenh dd, vi du nhU
order, cause, enable, permit, allow

ai dam ghet cd ay.)
/ asked John to meet Mary.
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V NP3
(Tdi da yeu
cfiu
John gap Mary.)
- Cac dong ttf
chi
xuat hien vdi cau true : NPl V [(NPl) V], vi du
nhu decide, decline, determine, elect, fear, hesitate, hope, long,
look,
lust, prepare, refuse, swear
She determined to render her position
NPl V /(NPl)V/ NP3
(Cd ay quyet dinh ttf bd vi
tri
cua minh.)
/ hope to come soon. (Tdi hy vong den sdm.)
NPl V /(NPl)V/ A
- Dong ttf
ehi
xuat hien trong hai
c^'u
true:
-NP1V[(NP1)V];
- NP1VNP2 [(NPl)V]
vi du nhu dong tii
''promise".
I promised to go. (Tdi
hiia

cSn dUde
tam)
NPl V
A^(NPl)/
(The boy needed to be washed).
Nhiing dong tii thude nhdm nay bao gom: advise, recommend
I
wound't
advise taking the car
NPl Aux V /(NP)V NP2
(Tdi se khdng khuyen mua
chiee
xe dd.)
/ wouldn't
advise you to take the car (nt)
NPl Aux V NP2 /(NP2)V NP3
(Tdi se khdng khuyen anh mua chiee xe dd.)
Dong
t\i
"advise" ket hdp vdi hinh thai -ing khi bo ngii
chi
ngUdi
khdng
dUde
de
c^p
den. NgUdc lai, nd ket hdp vdi dong ttf nguyen dang
ed "to" khi de cap den bo ngii ehi ngUdi ("you") .
640
2.

NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V/
(Dieu ay khien tdi
khde.)-
/
- "Help": xuat hien trong cau true : NPl V [(NPl) V]
vdi
dong ttf
nguyen dang khdng cd tieu ttf "to"; va NPl V NP2 [(NP2) V] vdi dong
ttf nguyen dang khdng cd tieu
tijf
"to"
v^
dong tii nguyen dang cd tieu
tii "to".
You can help push the car.
NPl Aux V (NPl)V NP2
'" "
'
' ^ ' *
(Anh cd the giup
d^y
xe d to.) '
'" '• '"'"
He helped them build
f/ic/lousc.
V
' ^''^^^'' '*
NPl V NP2 (NP2)V NP3
(Anh ay giup ho xay nha.)
'^iii^!:^:-

(Cau be bi
bdt
buoc phai lam xong bai tap.)
- "Let": xuat hien trong
ca'u
true NPl V NP2 [(NP2) V], cd danh
ngti "chen" vao giiia nd va dong ttf di sau va ket hdp vdi dong ttf
nguyen dang khdng cd tieu tii "to".
/ will let them stay a while.
NPl Ax V NP2 /(NP2)V/ A
(Tdi se cho phep ho d lai mot
lue.)
- "Have" xuat
hidn
trong cau true : NPl V [NP2 V] vdi dong tif
nguyen dang khdng cd tieu ttf "to"; vdi dang
thtfe
-ing (-ing form) va
dang
thxic
qua khtf phan ttf. Trong cau true
n^y
menh de chinh khdng
dUde phep chuyen sang dang bi dong.
He had them come early,
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V/ A
(Anh ay hit buoc ho den sdm.)
He had them all singing. (Anh ay yeu
c^u
tat ca deu hat.)

NPl V NP2[(NP2)
V],
ket hdp vdi danh ngti, vdi dong ttf nguyen dang cd "to", dang
thtic
qua khtf phan ttf (-en form).
642
/ consider John to be clever.
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V Adj
(Toi coi John la
ngUdi
thdng minh.)
/ believe John to be clever.
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V Adj/
(Tdi tin John la ngUdi thdng minh.)
Mot sd'ddng ttf khac nhu admit, deny, remember, confess c6 the
xuli't
hien trong ca
c^'u
true:
NPl V [(NPl) V NP2], vdi dong tuf nguyen
dang cd "to", hinh thai -ing (-ing form).
I remember your father going to London.
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V A
(Tdi nhd cha anh da ttfng di Luan ddn.)
I remember to go to the post office.
(Tdi nhd la phai di ra
buu
dien.)
Su khac
bi§t

4.
Dong
tif chi
cam giac
Dong tii
chi
cam giac ludn xuat hien vdi danh ngii va dong ttf
nguyen dang khdng cd
'to*,
dong ttf dang -ing va qua khii phan ttf (-en
form),
vi the ed
th^
danh
d^'u
ca
th^
(aspect) va dang thtfc (voice).
643
Dong ttf
thude
nhdm nay gom cd: see, feel, know, hear, smell, watch,
imagine
Nhdm dong nay ed the
xu^'t
hien trong cau true:
NPl V NP2[(NP2)V NP3/A]
I saw the children eat their lunch.
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V NP3/
(Tdi nhin thay bon tre an trUa.)

thtie
- ehu dong va bi dong,
ehtt
khdng ed dau hieu ve the.
The ehildrren were seen eating their lunch.
The children were seen eat their lunch. (-)
Phan
Idn
cae dong ttf cam giac ciing dong vai trd nhU nhiing dong
ttf tUdng thuat, ngoai trtf "smell" va "watch".
644
Trong nhdm dong
ttf
nay ed nhiing dong
ttf
chi
ket hdp vdi hinh
thai -ing (-ing form)
va
khdng cd sU phan biet ve the. Dieu nay dUdc
the hien rat rd qua sU xuat hien cua hinh thai -ing
ctia
dong tu: khdng
cd dang tiep diin (non-progressive verbs).
/
can't imagine him knowing all that.
NPl
Aux V NP2
/(NP2) V
NP3/

NP
V
(Cd bao gid anh biet
la
ho den dung gid chua?)
5.
Nhom dong
tii
qua trinh
Nhdm dong
ttf
qua trinh ed the xuat hien vdi hinh thai -ing (-ing
form),
hoae vdi dong
ttf
nguyen dang ed "to". Nhdm dong
ttf
nay gom:
keep,
start, finish, cease, leave, prevent, Mot sd'ddng
tijf
trong nhdm
nay ed the xuat hien trong cau true:
- NPl V [(NPl) V NP2]
- NPl V NP2 [(NP2) V]
va mot sd'khae
chi
xuat hien vdi cau true: NPl
V
[(NPl) V NP2]

vdi hinh thai -ing, va cho phep menh de chinh chuyen sang dang bi
dong.
He kept them talking. (Anh ay
ctf
de ho ndi chuyen.)
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V
"Keep" ciing xuat hien eung vdi dang thtfc qua khtf phan ttf (-en
form):
He kept his mounth shut. (Anh ta giii mom.)
NPl V NP2 /(NP2)V/
Dong ttf "stop" vtfa cd the ket hdp vdi hinh thai -ing, vtfa cd the
ket hdp vdi dong ttf nguyen dang cd tieu ttf "to", nhUng y nghia hoan
toan khac nhau.
I really must stop smoking. (Tdi thUc stf phai bd thud'e la).
Vdi y nghia "phai bd thud'e la", thi khdng the ndi: "You should stop
to smoke". Dieu nay dUdc hieu la "ngtfng" (cdng viec nao dd) de hut
thud'e.
Vi du: I stop (work) to smoke a cigarette. (Tdi ngtfng (cdng viec)
de hut
thud'e.)
Dong tii "start" va "begin" khdng xuat hien vdi danh ngii, ket hdp
vdi ca dong ttf nguyen dang cd "to" va cd kha nang danh
d^'u
vi the.
He started to speak but stopped because she objected.
(Anh ay bit
d^u
ndi nhUng phai dtfng lai vi ed Ky phan dd'i.)
He started speaking and kept on for than an hour.
(Anh ay bit dau ndi chuyen va ndi hdn mot tieng dong ho.)

hinh thai -ing.
He
prevented the men from leaving.
(Anh ay ngan chan
nhiing
ngUdi dan dng khdng dUdc di.)
6. Nhom dong tii
chi svf
co gang va ket qua
Ve mat hinh thtfc, nhiing dong ttf thude nhdm nay thudng xuat
hien vdi dong ttf nguyen dang ed "to" (nhung ehiing khdng phai la
nhiing dong ttf cd y nghia tUdng lai) va khdng ket hdp vdi danh ngii.
Nhiing dong ttf thude nhdm nay gom: manage, try, fail, neglect, omit,
proceed va ehi xu^'t
hien trong cau true : NPl V [(NPl) V NP2].
She
tried
to obey. (Cd ay co ging nghe
Idi.)
NPl V /(NPl)V/
/ remember to visit him. (Tdi nhd la phai den tham anh ay.)
NPl V /(NPl)V/ NP2
Xet ve mat ngii nghia, cae dong ttf nay thude nhieu loai khac
nhau.
Nhiing dong ttf nay neu len hoan eanh ma cac boat dong d menh
de phu dUdc thtfc hien.
647
Mot so' dong ttf nhu "fail", "neglect", "serve", "proceed",
"omif,
"strive",

thU
hai ham y ehi sU
lUa
chon trong mot
phat ngdn cu the.
Dong ttf "hate", xet ve mat cau true, khi xuat hien vdi dong tif
nguyen dang cd tieu ttf "to" thi gan vdi dong ttf "remember" hdn (xem
"remember" d muc 6: Nhdm dong ttf
chi
sU
cd'
ging va no
lUe),
va ve mat
ngii nghia thi gan vdi dong ttf "regret".
I hate to tell you this. (Tdi ghet ndi vdi anh dieu nay.)
Dieu nay cd nghia la
"I
say with regret",
"I
tell you, though I hate
to do so" ("Tdi tiec phai ndi len dieu dd", "Tdi ke vdi anh, mac du tdi
khdng thich ke".)
648
Cac dong
tiX
nhU "miss", "enjoy",
"risk"
chi
ket hdp vdi hinh thai -ing.

vdi hinh thai dong ttf nguyen dang cd "to" cd sU
dong nhat giiia chu
ngii
cua menh de chinh va chii ngii cua menh de
phu, cdn vdi hinh thai -ing lai cd sU dong nhat giiia chu ngii
ctia
m^nh
de chinh va bd ngii
ctia
menh
de
phu
(chti
ngii eiia menh
de
phu
khdng
dUdc de cap
d§'n).
Nghia cua dong ttf "want" trong bai vi du sau eung cd sic thai
nghia khac nhau.
The boy wants to wash. (Cau be mud'n tam.)
Trong vi du nay "want" cd nghia la "mud'n" hoae "can thiet".
The boy wants washing. (Cau be cin dUdc tim.)
Trong
VI
du nay "want"
chi
cd nghia "can thiet".
III. DOI CHIEU

VI
NP2 V2 NP3
Dong ttf "made" va "bit" trong hai cau tren deu yeu cau cd hai bo
ngii di ding sau: Bo ngii
thii
nhat la mot danh ngii (NP2) bieu thi doi
tUdng chiu tac dong cua dong tii
ehi
nguyen nhan va gay khien, bd ngii
thtf hai la dong ttf "finish" va "lam xong" - boat dong cua bo ngii
thtt
nhat.
Diem khac biet giiia hai nhdm dong ttf nay la nhdm dong tii gay
khien, vi du nhU khien (cho), de (cho), lam (cho) cd bo ngii
thti
hai la
mot tinh ttf.
Cac anh dtfng lam
nhd
toi no then.
adj
Kieu cau true nay khdng cd tUdng dUdng trong nhdm dong ttf ehi
nguyen nhan trong tieng Anh. Day chinh la stf khac biet ve mat hinh
thtfc.
2.
Nhdm dong ttf tUdng lai trong tieng Anh vdi cau tnic
NPlV
NP2[(NP2)V] (vi du nhu "force", "request", "order", "cause", "ask",
"require") tUdng dUdng vdi nhdm dong ttf gay khien trong tieng Viet.
My papa has ordered me to return to you these presents.

I asked John to meet Mary. (Tdi yeu cau John gap Mary.)
3.
Nhdm dong ttf tudng thuat trong tieng Anh vdi cau true NPl V
NP2 [(NP2)V] (vi du nhu think, consider, admit, deny, remember, )
tUdng dUdng vdi nhdm dong ttf danh gia - nhan xet vdi cau
true
NPl
V NP2 Cop NP3 (vi du nhU coi,
ggi,
nhan, xdc nhan, ) trong tieng
Viet.
I consider John
Tdi
NP2
coi John
Id
NP2 Cop
to he
/(NP2)V
clever
adj
ngiiai
thong minh
NP3
Hai dong tii "consider" va "coi" deu yeu cau cd hai bd ngii di kem.
Bo ngti thii nhat deu dUde diln dat bing mot danh ngii ("John"). Bd
ngfi
thii hai trong nhdm dong ttf nhan xet-danh gia cd
c^'u
tnic " dong

Bo ngii
thii
hai cua dong ttf "remember" la dong ttf dudi -ing, cdn
bd ngii
thii
hai cua dong ttf "nhd" la dong ttf khdng bien ddi hinh thai.
Day la diem khac biet ve loai hinh giiia hai ngdn ngii.
4.
Nhdm dong tif cam giac (perception) trong tieng Anh vdi cau
true
NPl V NP2/(NP2)V
NP3/A/
(vi du nhU see, hear, watch, smell,
know, imagine, ) tUdng dUdng vdi nhdm dong ttf cam nghi - ndi nang
vdi
cau
triic
NP V
S-Pred.
trong tieng Viet (vi du nhU nghe, nhin, thay,
trong, xem, biet, hieu, )
I saw children eat their lunch. (Tdi nhin thay bon tre an
edm
trUa).
I saw children eating their lunch. (Tdi nhin thay bon tre dang
an cdm trUa.)
Hai nhdm dong ttf nay ("see" va "nhin thay")
din
ddi hoi bd ngii di
sau. Ve y nghia, ed the thay hai cau dich tren tUdng dUdng vdi nhau.

Trong trUdng hdp nay, hai nhdm dong ttf gid'ng nhau d cho ehu
ngii cua menh de chinh va menh de phu la dong nhat.
Dong ttf tinh thai-ngii phap trong tieng Viet la nhiing dong ttf
mang y nghia tif vUng rat it, hay cdn goi la dong ttf trong nghia, bdi
v^y,
chung thudng ket hdp vdi dong ttf trung tam de tao thanh vi ngii
cua cau. Dieu nay khac biet vdi nhdm dong tif chi sU cin thiet trong
tieng Anh.
Mot stf khac biet
ni3a
giiia hai nhdm dong ttf nay the hien d chd,
nhdm dong ttf tinh thai ngii phap trong tieng Viet vtfa cd vai trd la tieu
chi ngii phap, viia mang y nghia tinh thai dien dat tinh muc dich
ctia
phat ngdn.
Tom lai, tren day chung tdi da de cap den cac tieu ehi phan loai
ciing nhu cae tieu nhdm
eiia
dong ttf ket chudi, cd so sanh vdi mot so'
nhdm dong ttf tUdng iing trong tieng Viet.
Qua
ph§n
tich tren day, cd the nhan thay rang viec nghien
ciiu
dong ttf ket chudi vdi cac cau
triic
va ngii nghia cd ban ciing nhU viec
ddi chieu vdi mot
so'nhdm
dong ttf tUdng dUdng trong tieng Viet la het

3.
Dinh Van Dtfc,
Ngit
phap tieng Viet, Ttf loai. NXB. DH va
THCN, 1986.
4.
Nguyen Kim Than, Bong
tU
trong tieng Viet, 1997.
5.
Nguyen
Kim Than, Nghien
citu
ve
ngit
phap tieng Viet, NXB.
Giao due, 1963/1964.
4.
Uy Ban KHXH
Viet
Nam,
NgU
phap tieng Viet, NXB. KHXH,
Ha Ndi 1983.
II.
Tai lieu tieng Anh
1.
Alexander L.G. - Longman English Grammar, Longman Group
U.K. Limited, 1998.
2.

654