


NGUYN THÙY LINH






 - 2014





 4
 4
 6
 6
 6
 7
 7
 7
4. , ,  7
 7
 7
4.3. : 7
 8
 8
6.1. Ph 8
 8
 10
 11
 11
1.1. Lch s nghiên cu v 11
1.1.1.  11
1.1.2.  15
1.1.3.  21
 26
 26
 27
 28












 37
2.1.2. 















 38
 45














 67
2.2.2.5. 







 67
 70
 70
  70
 71
3.1.3. 











 41
2.2: 

























 57
2.6: , 











 64











 (



 )  . 














, 












 . , 
425 











 , 14.000 







1.712 



, 3.000 




. ,   , 





 .
, 

 ,  20 

,









 (





 ) 


 (, 2013).
C 
  

 


5

             
 ham gia
  và
t

quá trình 
cá nhân 






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
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
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. 
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
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
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
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
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, g 

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
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 
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
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
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
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 
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
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
  . 
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
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,

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
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
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


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

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 , , 
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,  
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
6

, 
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

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
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
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
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
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 ,  
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
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

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 . 

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

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 



là 
 

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
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

.


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


















 






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




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.

- 
- ánh gixã
 
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
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 
- 





- Phân tích  trong





,  

 


Khách th  lên,

- 
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: 


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


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


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
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 




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
 
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













.
5
- dân 





- 














- 


-          
chính sách 

6
6.2.1. 


phân tích 
              
   
có liê 
9

,  
ngh 
  40 

 
 
  
tham gia   hình 





 , 




:

Tiêu chí





3
40

3



3

3
nh
3
Trung



2







Nam
20
40



20



18 - 30 


10
40


31 - 45 


10


46 - 55 












 
b















.
-  
so sánh và phân tích các thông tin
theo 



tham gia




tham gia 

)

Đặc trưng tổ chức
   
   


11


 
1.1. Lch s nghiên cu v
1.1.1.  













, 





 , 







 , NGO,
NPO,



 , 


















 90  , 




















 



 





 thông


  Indonesia
(M.A.S Hiknam, 1995); 









 












Indonesia, Philippin

 (Tornquist, 1998); 



































 , 









































 , 



, 
 









 , 


. 
(Laothamatas, 1997). 
















































































.
-   ,

































.
-  





















. .
Tuy nhiên, 











 , 






 ,
 























 . 


























.
 









 









. 

, 










 








, 













  
Thanh, 1993).  1990 














 



 (














 . 1996, 






14

, 
















 - 














 





.















(, 2001) 









 






























 


- 


















.














, 























 4 :  , 





 ; 


;  




















, 


  , 





























, 



 











 . (Thang


, 

, 2012).
15


























 1990, 







 

















Nam (M.Gray, 1997) 









 





 (theo
), 

, 



  . , 









 ;  ;
 





















 ; 





 


 





; 



















 , 


















 . 

, 


















 

tham gia 
S tham gia xã hi din ra trong bi cnh ci tham gia
vào các hong xã hi trong nhiu mng xã hi chính thc và không chính thc.
Hình thc nh bi các v c phát sinh trong
16

mt cng, ma bàn và bao gm các v v nh mc, giá tr,
các t chc. 

,   tham gia 






 , 



dung, bi cnh và ngun lc cn thi tham gia. Hong s tham gia ca tp
th  hin chung cn mc
17

tiêu riêng cn mt mc tiêu bên ngoài. Tham gia sn
xut là sn xut hàng hoá và dch v có li ích ngoài cá nhân hoc nhóm. Tham gia
chính tr n hành vi ra quynh v các nhóm xã hi và s phân b
ngun lc (Bukov và cng s, 2002).
 c ta nh c bii vi s tham gia
ca cng trong các hong xã hi. 














, 


































, ; 







, 2011). 







































 , , nuôi chim, 


, 



, 

, , 





 , 
















- i, , 







. 










, , 









. ,

























































dân.  i s 


 tnh Qung Tr, thành ph H Chí Minh và mt s tnh thành khác.


































 















, 










 ,   














(










, 
















( , 2004). 






, 



, 2012).












 








 ,  

















công tác quy hoch và qu 

s phi kt hp ca chính
quyn 

. Nhng phn ánh 

t phía cng cho thy mt cách
rõ ràng nht thc tin v tin cnh quan, phát hin chính xác và c
th nhng v ni tri nhìn thy rõ trong cnh quan ca khu v
dng và trin khai các hoc ci thin cnh quan khu ph (T
Qunh Hoa và Phm Thúy Loan, 2006).
19

Hin nay, 




các hong phát trin kinh t c ci thin sinh k 

bo
tn tài nguyên ci dân. 













 ,






 



 tình trng thc t

 . Vi mn vic bo tn bin vi an toàn kinh
t xã hi, ti vic làm mng thy sn bn vng và du lch
thiên nhiên, 





 n gi


thác thy sn theo cách hy dit, 

 c qun lý, bo tn bin có
hiu qu cao vm bc tính bn vng (WWF và Siemenpuu, 2006).
Bên cnh tài nguyên bin thì 





tài nguyên rng 















p nhng kin th 
ng sinh hc ti khu vc; 

 bin rnh pháp lut v bo v và
phát trin rng; 

ên truyn v nhng hu qu ca vic mt rng, ng ti
i si dân, v s hn ch ca tài nguyên rng; 

ng s ti


cán b kim lâm, 





n lý bo v r



ch ng tham
gia vào hong bo tn tài nguyên rng (FFI Vit Nam và PanNature, 2012).

Trong nh
















 nghiên cu quan trng và cn thit . Do
i s tài tr bi Ngân hàng Th gii và B Phát trin Quc t
c Anh, cu  góc nhìn ci dân, doanh
nghip và cán b, công chc, viên chn hành ti 10 tnh/ thành ph gm Hà
Ni, thành ph H    ng Tháp, Ngh An, Tha
Thiên Hung, Hi Phòng và C ch 
c thc hin.  , 




























 .  










, 


















,  , 



, 



 ây















 







 















 , 





 










 , 

















(





, 2006). , 















(
); 

(, 



, ); (




 ); 



(














, 







) 
(, 





) (

, 



, 2012).















, 

, 

, 
, 





 , 






















(

, 



, 2012).
i tham gia các hong gii
c cho là nhi nm trong nhóm xã hi b loi tr (Michael Bittman,
1999). S loi tr xã hi có th d n tình trng b cô lp xã hi. Trong mt
nghiên cu v s tham gia xã hi và s cô lp xã hi cng kê Liên
minh châu Âc nhn th cách ly
vi xã hi, th hin  vic cá nhân không bao gi gp g bn bè hoi thân,
hoc không có kh c s  nu cn thit. S cô lp xã hc
i già và t l  nh
nghèo (Eurostat, 2010). , 










 ;
 ; 














 ; 











  



 (







,
2009; 



, 2009).








 u t 



















 . 








 , 

,
, t

 ( Verba và cng s, 1995; Youniss và cng s, 2002; Buzzi và cng
s, 2002) 
 (Bukov và cng s, 2002). 

























































