Inversion
Trong tiếng anh đảo ngữ thường được sử dụng với mệnh đề nhấn mạnh thường gặp dạng đảo trạng
từ lên đầu câu
Eg: She never eats out
==> Never does she eat out
I) Đảo từ với câu điều kiên
1. Đảo từ với câu điều kiện loại 1
a) Câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng “ should” thay hiện tại không xác định chỉ khả năng xáy ra ít
hơn ở tương lai. Đảo “should” lên đầu câu thay “If”
Eg: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home
==> Should it rain
b) Điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng thời hiện tại hoàn thành
Lấy “should” thay “If” sao đó để nguyên thể hoàn thành với “have done” ở tất cả các ngôi
Eg: If she has finished the work, she can go home
==> Should she have finished
2. Điều kiện loại 2
a) Mệnh đề điều kiện loại 2 có dùng động từ “tobe” ở số nhiều “were” dùng “were” thay”if”
Eg: Iif I were you, i would love him
==> Were I you
b) Trong mẫu câu điều kiện loại 2 đặc biệt có dùng “If” đầu câu ( nếu không phải vì
“were” khỏi “not’’sau đó đảo lên đầu câu thay “if”)
Eg: If it weren’t for your progress, i wouldn’t be here
==> Were it not your
c) Mẫu câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt
If + S+ were+ to do
Thay động từ ở quá khứ của mệnh đề điêu kiện loại 2
Eg: If i were to speak
==> Với mẫu câu này đảo “were” lên đầu câu thay “If”
3. Điều kiện loại 3
a) Dùng “Had” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”
Eg: If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam

- Not for one minute did she forger about it/him.
2. Inversions are used in emphasizing cases.
- I like it (normal) => Do I like it (emphasizing case)
- I slept well last night. => Did I sleep well last night.
- He loves her => He does love her.
3. Inversions are used in some conditional sentences.
- If I were the judge, I’d sentence him to death. => Were I the judge, I’d sentence him to death.
- If I weren’t rich, I wouldn’t help you. => Were I not rich, I wouldn’t help you.
- If I had taken his advice, I’d have succeeded
been successful.
=> Had I taken his advice, I’d
- If I had been flying to New York at that time, I’d have died.
=> Had I been flying to New York
- If you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have known how to solve it.
=> Had you not helped me, I wouldn’t have known how to solve it.
- If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be tired now.
=> Had I not stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be tired now.
4. Inversions are used in questions.
- Do you like it?
- Have you had dinner yet?
- Will you go there tomorrow?
- Are you listening to me?
5. Inversions are used after some conjunctions such as:
- Hardly when
- Scarcely when (Ngay khi )
- No sooner when
Hardly had I gone to bed when the phone rang.
No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.
6. Inversions are used in some phrases with “only”
- Only when (chỉ khi)

- I’m not a student; I’m not a student, either <=> Neither am I.
- She likes music; He likes music, too <=> So does he.
- She doesn’t like music; He doesn’t like music, either <=> Neither does he.
- I didn’t sleep well last nigh; She didn’t sleep well last night, either <=> Neither did she.
- I haven’t seen it ; I haven’t seen it, either <=> Neither have I.
* Notes:
Nếu trong câu đầu tiên có chứa một số trạng từ phủ định như hardly, seldom, rarely, never thì để
diển đạt sự tương tự người ta dùng either hoặc neither (không dùng so và too).
- I hardly meet her nowadays; He hardly meet her nowadays, either <=> Neither does he.
. Nhóm từ: So, Such
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau:
So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ …
Ví dụ:
• So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
(Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được).
• So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
(Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị).
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + Danh từ +…”
Ví dụ:
• Such is the moment that all greats traverse.
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).
• Such is the stuff of dreams.
(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).
III.7. Câu đảo ngữ
Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở
đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ. Trong
trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ
ngữ và động từ chính:
Ví dụ:

Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task.
Only by studying hard can you pass this exam.
Chú ý: nếu trong câu có hai mệnh đề, chúng ta dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai:
Only when you grow up, can you understand it.
Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you.
Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before.
3. Nhóm từ: So, Such
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau:
So + tính từ + to be + danh từ …
Ví dụ:
So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
(Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được).
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
(Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị).
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + danh từ +…”
Ví dụ:
Such is the moment that all greats traverse.
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).
Such is the stuff of dreams.
(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).
4. Not only….but also… :không những…….mà còn…
Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V…
Ví dụ:
Not only does he study well, but also he sings well.
5. Một số cấu trúc khác
• In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không.
Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
• On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
On no accout must this switch be touched.

Round and round it flew.
– Trong tiếng anh viết (written English) các ngữ giới từ mở đầu bằng các giới từ down, from, in,
on, over, out of, round, up có thể được theo sau ngay bởi động từ chỉ vị trí (crouch, hang, lie, sit,
stand ) hoặc các dạng động từ chỉ chuyển động, các động từ như be born/ die/ live và một số dạng
động từ khác.
From the rafters hung strings of onions.
In the doorway stood a man with a gun.
On a perch beside him sat a blue parrot.
Over the wall came a shower of stones.
*Chú ý: các ví dụ trên có thể diễn đạt bằng một V-ing mở đầu cho câu và động từ to be đảo lên
trên chủ ngữ:
Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion.
Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun.
Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot.
.Under no cicumstances + trợ động từ ,tobe, ĐTKT, + S+ V ,. clause
Với bất cứ giá nào
Not only+ TĐT,tobe, ĐTKT, +S+V, but also
Không chỉ mà còn
2. Tưong tự :
No sooner than
Hardly when ( Ngay khi )
Scarely when
Seldom , never, rare ly : thường dùng ở thì hiện tại đơn hơn cả, never thì có thể dùng ở thì HTHT
nữa
3. Not untill + mốc thời gian/ Mệnh đề + that ( không cho tới khi )
Only by , only in + nếu có 2 cụm chủ vĩ thì đảo ngữ MĐ chính lên
( Chỉ bằng )
Ngoài ra là cấu trúc đảo ngữ của mệnh đề điều kiện
Loại 1 : Should+ S+ Vo , S + will + V
Loại 2 : Were+ S + Adj/ to+ V , S + would / should + Vo

Adverb phrase + instransitive verb + S (no auxiliary)
Under the tree was lying one of the biggest men I had ever seen.
Directly in front of them stood a great castle.
On the grass sat an enormous frog.
Along the road came a strange procession.
Đảo ngữ(Inversions)
Thông thường, một câu kể (câu trần thuật) bao giờ cũng bắt đầu bằng chủ ngữ và tiếp theo sau là
một động từ. Tuy nhiên, trật tự của câu như trên có thể bị thay đổi khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh.
Lúc đó xuất hiện hiện tượng "Đảo ngữ"
Đảo ngữ được thể hiện ở các dạng sau:
Not until + phrase/clause
Ex.: Not until 10 p.m. yesterday did he come home.
Not until I left home did I realize what he had meant.
Neither, nor và được dùng để diễn tả người hay sự vật này tương tự như người, vật hay sự vật khác
(kia):
Ex: a/ Tom is ill today.
So is Tom
b/ I can’t understand Spainish.
Nor can I.
Seldom, rarely và never được nhấn mạnh với nhấn mạnh với mục đích so sánh:
Ex.: Seldom had I seen such a terrible thing
Only, not only, not until được nhấn mạnh và đặt ở đầu câu
Ex.: Only learning hard can you pass the exam.
Hardly…. When, scarcely……when và no sooner…… than được dùng để diễn tả một hành động
xảy ran ngay sau một hành động khác.
Ex.: Hardly had I arrived when I heard a terrible explosion.
No sooner had I left than it started to rain.
Các cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn được nhấn mạnh.
Ex.: Near the old pagoda is a red flower tree.
EXERCISES

–> Only by…………………………………………………………
Xem đáp án
Bài 1:
1. She had never been so happy before.
> Never had she been so happy before.
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
> Never have I heard such nonsense!
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
> Never have I seen such a mess in my life.
4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
> Seldom has public borrowing been so high.
5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent.
8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed.
> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed.
9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property.
10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
> No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.
> Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment.
12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances.
> Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals.
13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice.
> Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice.
Bài 2:

……………………………………………………………………………………
8. I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far- reaching.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before.
……………………………………………………………………………………

II. Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE.
1. One rarely find good service these days.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. It is very unusual for a military campaign to have been fought with so little loss of life.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. It is unusual for the interior of the island to be visited by tourists.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. She didn’t realized what would happen to her next.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10.I didn’t think that one day I’d be appearing in films rather then just watching them.
……………………………………………………………………………………
III. Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON.

……………………………………………………………………………………
6. It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. The manager not once offered us an apology.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. She made no sound as she crept upstairs.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired.
…………………………………………………………………………………
V. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY.
1. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. I didn’t realize who he was until later.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The door could not be opened without using force.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time.
……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
5. If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earn a large salary.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. If anything has gone wrong with my plan, I would have held responsibility.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7.If it hadn’t been for Henry,I might not have met you.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. If only they had confirmed by phone, the airline could have warned them.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. The coast guards could have saved the vessels if they had been notified.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10. If his solicitor hadn’t advised him, he would have made a serious mistake.
……………………………………………………………………………………
VIII. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it
means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
Not only_______________________________________________________
2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
 No sooner _____________________________________________________
3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
 Hardly _______________________________________________________
4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
 Not until ______________________________________________________
5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
 Only _________________________________________________________
6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
 Never ________________________________________________________
7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
 Under the table _________________________________________________
8. His brother had rarely been more excited.

Rarely_________________________________________________________
24. We had only just arrived home when the police called.
Scarcely_______________________________________________________
25. Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage.
 On no_________________________________________________________
26. The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record.
 Never before___________________________________________________
27. The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began.
 Barely________________________________________________________
IX. Complete each sentences with a suitable word or phrase.
1.………… had we arrived at the hotel, when there was a power cut.
2……… are members of staff to accept gratuities from clients.
3. ……….Detective Dawson realized what she was to discover!.
4. ………….so many employees taken sick leave at the same time.
5. ……… to pay the full amount now, there would be a ten per cent discount.
6. I supposed, as……….most people, that I would be retiring at 60.
7. ……………… the doctor seen more difficult case.
8. ………….Jean win first prize, but she was also offered a promotion.
9. ……….will late arrival be admitted to the theatre before the interval.
10. …………one missing child been found, than another three disappeared.
X. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase.
1. Scarcely …………………………….the pilot had to make an emergent landing.
2. Little ………………………….what has been going on in her absent.
3. No sooner ……………………….tan I realized I’d left my bag on the platform.
4. Only when ……………………….on the light did we notice the hole of the ceiling.
5. Not until I asked a passer –by …………………. where I was.
6. Seldom does ………………………below freezing at this time of the year.
7. Hardly ………………… his speech, when the minister interrupted.
8. On no account am ……………… while I am in a meeting.
9. Rarely has ………………………this school written a better composition.

2. That night, just as John has predicted , a heavy snowfall came down.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The two men were talking in front of the station.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. A line of police officers was behind the protesters.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. A small stream ran at the end of the street. There was an overgrown garden across the stream.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. She could hear the sound of the tractor and suddenly it came round the corner.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. A while pillar was in front of them and a small, marble statue stood on top of it.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. The teacher blew a whistle and the children ran off.
……………………………………………………………………………………
KEYS
I. Choose the most suitable words underlined.
1. he would never 6. passed
2. did I remember 7. so high were the waves
3. when 8. Peter has arrived
4. was I 9. than
5. was I aware 10. should you leave early
II. Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER.
1. Never before had she been so happy.
2. Never have I heard such nonsense!
3. Never in my life have I seen such a mess.
4. Never have our profits been higher than/ as higher as they are this year.
5. Never again would she trust her own judgment when buying antique.
6. Never before had the firm laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
7. Never have I come across such a horrifying film.
8. Never have I been so moved by a Shakespeare production.

2. Only last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat.
3. Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it.
4. Only after they had finished eating did they get round to business.
5. Only after they waited for twelve hours did their flight leave.
6. Only after did I realize who she was.
7. Only by (using) force could the door be opened.
8. Only when Tom’s apologized will I agree.
9. Only when you buy all twelve books at the same time can/will you get the 40% discount.
10. Only by training hard can/will/could you become a good athlete.
VI. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1. Should the government be forces into another election, it would be the favorite to win.
2. Should you wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00
and 11.00.
3. Should you have further problems with your printer, contact your deal for advice.
4. Should you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1
st
April.
5. Should we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
6. Should you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order.
7. Should the film be a box- office success, they may be a sequel.
8. Should you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.
VII. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1. Were the chemical to leak, a large area of sea would be contaminated.
2. Were Germany to beat, they would face Italy in the final.
3. Were Mr Morgan still headmaster, he would not permit such bad behavior.
4. Had you given it in on time, you would have got a high mark.
5. Had she become a lawyer, as her parents’ wishes, she would have earned a large salary.
6. Had anything gone wrong, I would have been held responsible.
7. Had it not been for Henry, I might not have met you.
8. Had the coast guards been notified they could have saved the vessels.

27.Barely had the trial proceedings begun when the judge was taken ill.
IX. Complete each sentences with a suitable word or phrase.
1. Hardly/ Scarcely 6. do
2. Under no circumstances 7. Never had /have
3. Little did 8. Not only did
4. Never had / Rarely had 9. Under no circumstances
5. Were you 10. No sooner had
X. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase. (Suggested answers)
1. had the plane taken off, when 6. the temperature fall
2. Does she know 7. had he begun.
3. had the train left 8. I to be disturbed
4. we turned. 9. a pupil at this / a student from
5. did I know 10. does the company.
XI. Rewrite each sentences so that it contains the word or words in capitals, and so that the
meaning stay the same
1. If Smith were to resign , I might stand a chance of getting his job.
2. The demand for tickets was so great that people queued night and day.
3. Under no circumstances is the money to be paid.
4. Not until three days had passed did we arrived at the first oasis/ It was not until three days
later that we arrived at the first oasis.
5. Soon after the ship left port , a violent storm developed.
6. If they had carried a compass they would have discovered the land sooner.
7. Brenda had no idea what she was letting herself in for.
8. Only when I stopped did I realize that something was wrong.
9. At no time did the accused express regret for what he has done.
10. The runners were too exhausted to finish the race.
XII. Rewrite these sentences with the adverbial phrase of direction or place at the front of
clause. Use inversion where possible.
1. ………… … as over their heads flew the bullets.
2. …………… down came a heavy snow.