Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
DẠNG 2 : CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU
I. CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN /hiện tại đơn
( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI )
1. This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tôi thấy anh ta )
=>I have never seen him before. ( tôi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây )
Mẫu này có dạng :
Đây là lần đầu tiên làm chuyện đó => chưa bao giờ làm chuyện
đó trước đây.
The first time : lần đầu tiên =>Never before : chưa bao giờ
trước đây
2. I started / began studying English 3 years ago. (tôi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3 năm )
=> I have studied English for 3 years. ( tôi học TA được 3 năm )
Mẫu này có dạng :
bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian => đã làm chuyện đó for +
khoảng thời gian
Nếu không có ago mà có when + mệnh đề thì giử nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when
thành since thôi
3. I last saw him when I was a student.( lần cuồi cùng tôi thấy anh ta là khi tôi là SV )
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student.( tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là SV )
Mẫu này có dạng :
Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi => không làm chuyện đó từ khi / được
mấy năm
Last : lần cuối =>Since : từ khi / for (được)
4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago.(lần cuối cô ta đi chơi với anh ta
cách đây 2 năm )
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cô ta đã không đi chơi với anh ta đã 2
năm nay )
Tương tự mẫu 3 nhưng khác phần sau thôi
5. It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ khi tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối )
=> I haven't met him for ten years . ( tôi đã không gặp anh ta được10 năm rồi )

10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday. => It is
…
11. I’ve study English for 2 years => I
began
12. It’s two years since I had a holiday. =>
I
13.The last time he came to the cinema was two months ago.=>
He
14. I started the job 6 years ago . -> I have
done
15. I haven’t been to the cinema for 6 years => The last
time
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
16. It’s five years since we last met each other. =>
We
17. The last time I saw him was in June . =>
I
18. The last time I played tennis was in 1990.  I
haven’t
19.I didn't call her up 2 days ago. =>I
haven't………………………
20.Did you finish the test an hour ago?
=>Have………………………………………?
21.I started playing tennis last year.
=>I've………………………………………………
22.He began to use the computer when he was 19. =>He
has…………………………………
23.She didn't learn hard in 2005. =>She
hasn't……………………………

Ex: The water is so hot that I can't drink it. => The water is too hot for me to drink.
3) ĐỔI TỪ “TOO TO” sang “ENOUGH” :
S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO INF => S + BE (not) +ADJ + ENOUGH (for +
O) + V(to-inf)
Cách làm :
- Dùng tính từ phản nghĩa + enough rồi viết lại hết phần sau
Ex: He is too weak to run fast => He isn't strong enough to run fast.
Ghi chú :Trong tất cả các cấu trúc trên nếu chổ BE là V thì ADV sẽ thay cho ADJ
4. Ai đó bỏ ra bao lâu thời gian để làm gì => mất bao lâu thời gian để làm gì.
S + spend +time + V
-ing
=> It + take + O “(ai đó)” + time + V(to
–inf )
5.Thật là (dể / khó / vui / ) để làm gì.
To –inf / V-ing + tobe + Adj / noun => It + tobe + Adj / noun + to-inf
=> S + said / think / know + It + tobe + Adj / noun
+ to-inf
6. Quen với việc gì trong hiện tại .
S + tobe / get + used to + V-ing
7. Thói quen trong quá khứ / thường/đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ
S + used to + V(B-inf)(nguyên mẫu không có
TO
8. V(to-inf) => V-ing và ngược lại.
9. CHUYỂN ĐỔI GIỮA CÁC CÂU YÊU CẦU , ĐỀ NGHỊ
Why don’t we + V (B-inf)
Let’s + V (B-inf)
Can /will + you / I + V (B-inf)
What about + V- ing
Would you mind + V- ing
Do you mind + V- ing

=> It was
11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him.
=> There were such
12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly.
=> It was
13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night.
=> They drunk such
14) Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out.
=> Alice had such
15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help.
=> She was
16. When he was young , he usually did morning exercise.
=> He used to
17.John finished his exercises in two minutes .=> It
took
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
18. They want to sit in the sunlight.=> They
enjoy
19. Tom doesn’t play soccer anymore . => Tom
used
20. The flight to Hanoi lasted three houses => It
took
21. He used to do the test in 40 minutes .=> It used to
take
22. Learning English is difficult . => It’s
difficult
23. Last year Nam often went to school late . => Last year Nam used
to
24. My father wants to go to the park in his freetime .

38. “ Let’s not tell any one ,” said Tom => Tom
suggested
39. Will you give me a pen ? => Do you
mind
40.Can I help you ? => Would you mind if
I
III. CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG CÂU ƯỚC MUỐN (WISH).
a. Diễn tả mong ước có sự thay đổi ở tương lai
S
1
+ wish + S
2
+ would / could + Bare-infinitive (ng . mẫu không
To
Chú ý : chủ ngữ của wish không giống như chủ ngữ của would
Ex: I wish he would stop smoking . Tôi mong sao anh ấy sẽ ngừng hút
thuốc.
b. Diễn tả mong ước trái với sự thật ở hiện tại / hoặc không xảy ra ở hiện tại.
S + wish + S + Past subjunctive- quá khứ bàng thái ( V
-ed
/ V
2
/
Were )
CHÚ Ý : S + WISH có thể thay bằng If only
EXERCISES.
1. I can’t speak English perfectly. I wish……… ………… ………… ….
……………………………
2. I can’t do this exercise.  I wish……… ………… ………… ….
…………………………

16. I don’t know anyone in this class.  I wish……… … ….
………………………………
17. It’s very cold in the winter here.  I wish……… …………
… ….………………………………
18. I don’t know anyone in this class.  I wish……… ………………
……………………
19. The dictionary is very expensive.  I wish……… …………
………… ….
20. It’s pity that Lan is not here now -> I
wish
21. I want the baby stop crying -> I
wish
22.He is sorry that he doesn’t know her address > He
wishes
23. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon -> I
wish
24. My father isn’t here now . I want him tobe here now. I
wish
25. You are too lazy the teacher wants you tobe more studious. => The teacher
wishes
26. I live in a big city and I don’t like it . => I
wish
27. I feel sick because I eat too much ice – cream . => I
wish
VI. CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (IF):
loaï
i
If Clause (meänh ñeà If ) Main Clause ( m.ñeà
chính )
Meaning (ý nghĩa )

Q khứ hồn
thành
S+would / might+have+
PP
could /should

trái với sự thật ở q
khứ / hoặc khơng thể xảy
ra ở q khứ
Ex1 : I will stay at home if it rains
If you leave before 10 o’clock, you will catch the train easily
CHÚ Ý : “UNLESS = trừ khi” có thể thay cho “If not” , thường dùng cho loại 1
Ex: If you don’t study hard , you can’t pass the exam.=> Unless you study hard , you can’t
pass
- Nếu câu đề là thì hiện tại - hiện tại / tương lai thì dùng loại 2 + phản nghĩa .
Ex:It is rainy. I can't go to school. => If it weren't rainy, I could go to school.
- Nếu câu đề là thì tương lai - tương lai thì dùng loại 1 (khơng phản nghĩa )
I will go to the store. I will buy you a present. =>If I go to the store, I will buy you a
present.
- Nếu câu đề là : Don’t V…….or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là =>If you V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or )
(loại 1)
Ex:Don’t go out or you will get wet. => if you go out, you will get wet.
- Nếu câu đề là: V …….or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là :If you don’t V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or )
(loại 1)
Ex:Raise your hand or I will kill you. => If you don’t raise your hand, I will kill
you.
Lưu ý :
Nếu trong câu có because , so(= that’s why) thì phải bỏ ( đặt if vào chổ because , còn so(=
that’s why) thì ngựoc lại )
1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.

→ If I___________________________________________
16.She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.
→ If_____________________________________________
17.He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday.
→ If____________________________________________
18.I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
→ If_____________________________________________
19.Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.
→ If____________________________________________
20.He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night.
→ If____________________________________________
21.They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that.
→ If____________________________________________
22.She didn’t say sorry so he was angry.
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ơn thi tốt nghiệp và ơn vào lớp 10
→ If_____________________________________________
23.I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car.
→ If_____________________________________________
24.It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue.
→ If____________________________________________
25.My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home.
→ If_____________________________________________
26.She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
→ If_____________________________________________
27.The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping.
→ If_____________________________________________
28.The computer broke down and I had to stop my work.
→ If_____________________________________________
29.She loves him so she forgives him easily.

+ tobe / V + Adjective –er /adv
-
er + than + S
2
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ơn thi tốt nghiệp và ơn vào lớp 10
- Tính từ có hai âm tiết trở lên: S
1
+ tobe / V + More + Adjective /adv+ than + S
2
3 So sánh hơn nhất
-Tính từ có một âm tiết : S + tobe /V + The + Adj –est/ Adv
–
est
- Tính từ có hai âm tiết trở lên: S + tobe /V + The most + Adj / Adv
Note : Một số tính từ bất qui tắc :
Chưa so sánh
So sánh hơn So sánh nhất
Good / well : tốt
Far : xa
Bad/badly :xấu
Many / much :
nhiều
Little : ít
Late :trễ /muộn
Old :lớn / già
Better
Farther/ further
Worse
More

…
6) This house is not so expensive as that one.=> That house is the
…
7) My dog ate more than your dog.=> Your dog didn’t
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
…
8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football.=> Football is
……
9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father.=> Tom’s father is
…
10) Mary is the best cook in this class. => No one else
…
11.I didn’t spend as much money as you
.=>You
12. Tom is the best football player in this
team.=>
13. Lan cooks better than her sister
.=>
14.Nothing is faster than the speed of light.
=>
15. Yesterday the temperature was nine degrees . Today it’s only xis degrees.
=> Today
is
16.Mary is as pretty as her sister . => Her sister
is
17. A new house is more expensive than an old house .
=> A new house is
not
18. Nobody is happier than Nam . => Nam

… …….
3) He cycles very slowly. => He
is…… …
4) He types carefully. => He is
………
5) These children are quick runners. => These children can
… …
6) My father plays soccer very well. => My father is a
…… …
7) I drive very badly. => I am
a…
8) She sings very beautifully. => She is
a………
9) He works very hard. => He
is…… …
10) Tom swims very fast. =>Tom is
…… …
11. Nam studies very well => Nam is
a
12.Mrs. Hoa is a good teacher =>
She
13. Minh is a good tennis player => Minh
plays
VII.CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA Although/ though/even though => despite /
in spite of
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF
Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ là :
Although/ though / Because+ mệnh đề

=> In spite of …
5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home.
=> Because of …
6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad.
Despite…
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman.
=> Despite …
8) In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job.
=> Although…
9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
=> In spite of ……
10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies.
=> Even though … …
11.Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.
=> Because of
12.She went to bed early because she felt tired .
=> She went to bed early because of
13.Because it rained heavily, he came late .=> Because
of
14.We stopped our car because the traffic lights turned red .
=> We stopped our car because of
15. I can’t sleep because the weather is hot .
=> Because of
16.Althought it rained heavily , I went to school on time .
=> despite / In spite
of
VIII. CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ NGUYÊN
NHÂN

>

6.She plays tennis . She plays volleyball .=>
She
7. Are you american? Are you canada ? => Are
you ?
8. I don’t like films . I like comedies . =>
I
9. She left early . she came late =>
Although
10. They came to the bus stop late. They missed the school . (SO)
=>
11. My children couldn’t take part in the trip. The weather was bad .
=>
Because

=> The weather was bad
so
12.He went home late yesterday because he had to finish his report .
=> He had to finish his report
13.You smoke in public places . You’ll be fined. => You’ll be
fined
14.She came home late yesterday . her parents were worry about her
=> Since
15.He drove so fast ;That’s why he caused a serious accident .
=> Because
16.Hurry up or we’ll be late for school . => If
17. There wasn’t enough rain last year, so the crops were not good .
=> The crop
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo

IX. CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA CÂU NÓI TRỰC TIẾP VÀ CÂU NÓI GIÁN
TIẾP
Khi đổi một câu nói trực tiếp(câu trong ngoặc kép) sang câu nói gián tiếp (bỏ
ngoặc) cần chú ý:
* Đổi ngôi
* Đổi thì “ luôn quá khứ một bậc”
* Đổi trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian
Speaker’s words statement Reported
today / tonight that day / that night
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
tomorrow the next day / the following day
yesterday the day before /the previous day
ago / now before / then
next/ on Monday the next/ following Monday
last Monday the previous Monday / the Monday before
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time / two days later
this / these that / those
here there
a- Statements (câu khẳng định & phủ định) :
- S + said + (that) + S + V (quá khứ 1 bậc)
Ex :He said, “I am tired today” -He said(that)he was tired that day
b- Yes- No questions (câu hỏi Yes/no)
-S + asked + O / wondered(tự hỏi/thắc mắc) + if/whether + S + V(quá
khứ 1 bậc)
Ex : They said , “Are you tired , Tom? -They asked Tom if / whether he was
tired
c- Wh- questions :
- S +asked + O/ wanted to know + question word + S + V (quá khứ 1 bậc)
Ex: He said to me, “Why don’t you tell me about that ?”-He asked me why I didn’t

⇒
She
said
8. “ I’m meeting them at four o’clock today’’
⇒
He
said
9. “ I live here with my parents’’
⇒
He
said
10. “ Our new house is beautiful’’
⇒
He
said
11. “ I want to be a teacher of English’’
⇒
He
said
12. “ I can’t speak chinese’’
⇒
She
said
13. “ My sister is now having a wonderful time in Nha Trang’’
⇒
He
said
14. “ I’ll be very busy today’’
⇒
She

⇒
My aunt
said
23. “Do you want to buy any second – hand books?’’
⇒
Bill asked
me………………………
24.“Do you play any musical instruments?’’=> Lan asked
me…………………………………
25.“Will you have time to play regularly? ’’=> Bill asked
me………………………………………
26.“Do you play for your school team?’’ => Lan asked
me…………
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
27.“Can you speak any other languages?’’
⇒
He asked
me
28.“Are you interested in learning English?’’ => Lan asked
me…………
29.“Is there a phone?’’ => Lan asked
me………………………………………………………………
30.“Do you have many friends?’’
⇒
He asked
me
31.“Do you often get home after 10 .30 p.m?’’ => Lan asked
me……………………………………
32.“Can you speak English?’’ => Lan asked me…………

………………………………
43 “Do you live near your family?’’ => Lan asked me…………
………………………
44. “Why do you have to do this work?’’
⇒
He asked
me
45.“What are you doing?” => He asked
Lan……
46.“What will you do when you leave school?” => Lan asked
me…………
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp và ôn vào lớp 10
47.“How did you know my name?” => He asked
Lan…………………………………………
48.“Why didn’t you phone me?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
49.“When can I see the doctor?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
50.“Where are you going?” => He asked Lan…….
…………………………………
51.“Where are you going to spend the holiday?” => Lan asked me…………
………………
52.“How big are the classes?” => He asked Lan…….………………………………….
………………
53. “What sorts of food do they serve?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
54 “How long are you staying here?” => Lan asked me…………
…………………………………
55. “What are you going to study ?” => He asked Lan…….

70. Mary said, “Let’s go to a movie.” Mary suggested

71 “I didn’t break the windows”, Bill said. Bill denied

72. “You told a lie, Tom”, she said. She accused Tom

73 “I can’t go to your birthday party next Saturday evening, Jack”, said Mary.
 Mary apologized for

74 “I won’t help you with your homework. Never ! ” Jane said to me.
 Jane refused 75. Joe said, “Please come to my party.” Joe invited

76. Mr. Gray said, “Don’t play in the street.” Mr. Gray warned the children not
77. “Would you like to come on a picnic with us? They invited
78. “Please don’t tell anybody what happened.” He asked
79. “If you don’t give me a pay rise. I’ll resign.” She threatened
80. “I’ll finish the work by the end of this week.” John promised
81. “You ought to take a break, Andrew.” She advised

82. “Don’t forget to go to the supermarket after work.” They reminded
83. “Stay away from me.” Tom warned

84. “Why don’t we sing a few songs?” He suggested

85. “You can’t run out of the garden,” Ms. Kelly said to the children.
 Ms. Kelly prevented the children


101.“Don’t be late ,Jim’’, -> Jim’s father
told
102.“Be quiet, children’’ -> the teacher
told
103.“Open the door ,please’’ -> the teacher told
Nam
104“Hurry up,’’ -> He told
me
105“Do this test again, please’’ -> the teacher asked
Lan
106“Don’t make noise in class’’ -> the teacher asked her
students
X. CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG.
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo
Tài liệu ơn thi tốt nghiệp và ơn vào lớp 10
§éng tõ chÝnh cđa c©u chđ ®éng ë th× nµo th× tobe ph¶i chia ë th× ®ã
- Khi ta khơng xem người thực hiện hành động là quan trọng, thì “ by object” có thể bỏ
đi. ( eg. he, she, they, we, people; no-one )
TENSE (THÌ) ACTIVE(CHỦ ĐỘNG) PASSIVE(BỊ ĐỘNG)
SIMPLE
PRESENT
(Thì hiện tại
đơn)
S + V-s/es + O
S + am /is /are + P.P + BY + O
Present
continuous
(thì hiện tại tiếp

S+ can/must/ tobe going to /should /
ought to /used to…+ be +p.p +by+O
2-Special cases
a. Active: S
1
+ V
1
( say/believe/think ) (that) +S2+verb2
Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2
Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)
Ex: People say that he is crazy.
Passive:
It said that he is crazy
Giáo viên : LÊ THỊ LIN –Trường THCS Trần Hưng Đạo