Lý Thuyết Hóa Học
CÔNG PHÁ
CÔNG PHÁ LÝ THUYẾT HÓA HỌC THPT QUỐC GIA 2015 MEGABOOK
Tài Liệu Tặng Kèm Bộ Sách Tuyệt Đỉnh
Luyện Đề THPT Quốc Gia 2015
Tài Liệu Tặng Kèm Bộ Sách Tuyệt Đỉnh
Luyện Đề THPT Quốc Gia 2015

1
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook
 : ESTE - LIPIT
NI DUNG 1 : ESTE
A. 
1) 

Khi thay th  a axit cacboxylic bc este.
 CTCT c
R: gc hia axit hoc H.
a ancol (R # H)
 CTCT chung cc:
- C
n
H
2n+1
COOC
m
H
2m+1

H
2n
O
2


 






hit




2
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook


 n cis  - 
- - 
no)
 
n-2
(1< n < 5)
 
)1(2

OH
(M = 88),

=

132
0
C
c
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

(M = 88), = 77
0
C
c
 



4 
a 
R-COO-R

+ Na-OH
0


Este + NaOH
 
o
t



 -
1 
Vd:
Este + NaOH
 
o
t



Ph - 

+ NaOH
 
o
t
R-COONa + CH
2
=CHOH-CH


3
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook




+ 2NaOH
 
o
t
RCOONa + C
6
H
5
ONa + H
2
O ste + AgNO
3
/ NH
3
  
HCOOR + 2AgNO
3
+ 3NH
3
+ H

OH
0
,Ht

  
  
RCOOR

+ H
2
O
b) P 
  
(CH
3
CO)
2
O + C
2
H
5
OH  CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ CH
3
COOH

3
COOH
CH
3
COCl + C
6
H
5
OH  CH
3
COOC
6
H
5
+ HCl

 Anken
CH
3
COOH + CH=CH
0
xt, t
  
CH
3
COOCH
2
 CH
3


zyx 222
2
)
24
(
0
 

 
OH
n
2
=
2
CO
n
 
  



OH
n
2
<
2
CO
n

 

H
5
và C
2
H
5
COOC
3
H
7

B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3
và C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5

C. CH
3
COOCH
3

 
OH
n
2
=
2
CO
n
= 6,38/44 = 0,145 mol
 m
este
+
2
O
m
= 44.
2
CO
n
+ 18.
OH
n
2
 m
este
= 3,31 gam
 
O

(trong este)


3
COOCH
3

3
COOC
2
H
5
 

: Khi t y n n este no, n chc th
22
C O O
nn
 . n i a este 
A. Metyl fomiat. B. Etyl axetat. C. Metyl axetat. D. n- Propyl axetat.

 Goi CT C
n
H
2n
O
2

0
t
n 2 n 2 2 2 2
3n 2

O
2
C. C
4
H
6
O
2
D. C
4
H
8
O
2



2
2
C C O
H H O
C H O
O
n n 0, 3 (m ol)
n 2n 0, 6 (m ol)
n : n : n 3 : 6 : 2
7 , 4 – 0 , 3.1 2 – 0, 6.1
n 0, 2 (m ol)
16





2
n 2 n
C H O0
t
2 2 2 2
n 2 n
3n 2
C H O O nCO nH O
2
3n 2
0,1 0,1. m ol
2

   



2, 5n 

HCOOCH
3


O N a N aO H d u
m 7, 5 (0, 25 0 ,1).4 0 13, 5(g am )    




u 1 : 
A. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
B. CH
3
COOCH
3
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
D. C
2
H
5

'
47
R 27 R 29 C H C O O C H
R 41 R 15 C H C O O C H
R 5 5 R 1 H C O O C H (có 2 C T C T )
    
    
    



: 
4
 
 
A. CH
2
=CH-CH
2
COOCH
3
B. CH
2
=CH-COOCH
2
CH
3

C. CH
3

0,2

0,2 mol

'
2 5 2 3
(R 44 3 9)0, 2 0,1(39 17) 28 R 29 R 27 C H C O O C H D            phn ng thu 

: 
- 
 
- phản ứng xà phòng hoá
RCO
 
0
t

Một số nhận xét :

H
+,
t
o

6
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook
 n

este
(

> 1 và R’ không phải C
6
H
5
- hoặc vòng benzen có nhóm thế)  Este

 ta coi như ancol 
vẫn tồn tai  
 m

= m
este
+
m
NaOH
 (lacton):

 
 
VD: C
2
H
5
COOCHClCH
3
+ NaOH
 

5
C. C
2
H
5
COOC
3
H
7
D. C
2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5


 The                    

 
X
+
2
O
m
=
2
CO

= 0,135 mol

OH
n
2
>
2
CO
n
 
n
H
2n+1

 
2
2
CO
OH
n
n
=
n
n 1
=
09,0
135,0
 n = 2.
 
x

A. Etyl Fomat B. Etyl Propionat C. Etyl Axetat D.Propyl Axetat

 
 
n
H
2n + 1
COOC
m
H
2m + 1
n

= n
KOH
= 0,1 mol
m 2 m 1
C H OH 2 5
4, 6
M 46 14m 1 8 46 m 2 C H O H
0,1

        

C = O
O

NaOH +


 



2


A. CH
3
COOCH
3
B. CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
C. HCOOCH
3
D. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3


 

54,9
A

 M
A
= 23   n
NaOH

mol18,0
40
2,7


Y





mol08,01,018,0-:dNaOH
mol1,0:COONaHC
1n2n
 

0
2
t,O





 
 1: 

A. HCOOCH
3

2
H
5
. B. C
2
H
5
COOCH
3

2
H
5
COOC
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COOC
2
H


+ m

1,99 + m
NaOH
= 2,05 + 0,94  2: 

A. HCOOCH
3
, HCOOC
2
H
5.
B. CH
3
COOCH
3
, CH
3
COOC
2
H
5

C. C
2
H

R
1 0, 02 5
N a O H N a O H
m n m ol   
OH
3
33
3
3 2 5
OH
25
2, 0 5
0, 0 25 82 1 5
C H C O O C H
0, 0 25
0, 94
0, 0 25 37, 6 20, 6
C H C O O C H
0, 0 25
R C O O N a
R
R C O O N a N a O H
N a O H
R
n n M R C H
CH
n n M R
CH

        

A.CH
3
COOCH=CHCH
3
CH
3
COOC(CH
3
)=CH
2
B. HCOOC(CH
3
)=CH
2

3

C. C
2
H
5
COOCH=CH
2

3
COOCH=CHCH
3
. D. HCOOCH=CHCH
3


 
x
H
y
O
2

 A  
 
Dng 3.4: 

n
+ nNaOH  R(COONa)
n
 , n
ancol
= n.n

(RCOO)
n
 
n
, n
i
= n.n
ancol
R(COO)
n
 R(COONa)
n

C. C
2
H
4
(COOC
4
H
9
)
2
D. C
4
H
8
(COO C
2
H
5
)
2


 
Z
= n
Y
 

3
es

44x 5 8y 13,1
C H C H O x m ol
8, 4 21, 5 8, 4 13,1
44x 5 8 y 26, 2.2 x y
C H C H O y m ol
0,1
0,1 0,1 5 0, 2 5 86
0,15
R C H O
te te
m m gam
x
n m o l M D
y





      

  






      


mola:COOHHC:X
52
33
52













gam375,15c68b82a96m
67,20
)cb(2
c46b32
d
mol1875,0cban
muèi
H/ancol
A
2




1
n
KOH
=
2
1
.0,06.0,25 = 0,0075 mol
 M

= M
R
+ 83.2 =
0075,0
665,1
= 222  M
R
= 56  -C
4
H
8
-
M
este
=
0075,0
29,1
= 172   (-C
2
H
4


 
 
3
H
5
(OCO
1n2n
HC

)
3
 C
3
H
5
(OCO
1n2n
HC

)
3
+ 3NaOH  3
1n2n
HC

COONa + C
3
H
5

52
 
C. P VN DNG
  

2

  
A. 15 gam. B. 7,5 gam C. 37,5 gam D. 13,5 gam

 
2


2

2
SO
4

 
A. C
2
H
5
COOCH
2
CH
2
OCOC

3
COOH, C
6
H
5
OH  

A. 3,54 gam. B. 4,46 gam. C. 5,32 gam. D. 11,26 gam.
 
4
H
8
O
2
 
A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6
CH
2
CH
CH
2
OCOC
2
H
5
OCOCH
2
CH
2
CH

2
CH
2
CH
3
OCOCH(CH
3
)
2
OCOC
2
H
3

10
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook
 

2
O, K
2
CO
3

2

A. C
3
H
4

I- m
 ng hp cht h u
c.
 

II - Ch
m
 Cha glixerol v
 p:
C
17
H
35
COOH hay CH
3
[CH
2
]
16
COOH: Axit stearic
C
17
H
33
COOH hay cis-CH
3
[CH
2
]
7

3
COO

R
1
, R
2
, R
3
 ging ho nhau.
:
CH
3
 (CH
2
)
14
 COOH : (C
15
H
31
-COOH) axit panmitic (t
0
n/c
63
0
C)

CH
3

0
n/c
13
0
C)

CH
3
(CH
2
)
4
 CH = CH CH
2
- CH = CH  (CH
2
)
7
 COOH : (C
17
H
31
-COOH) axit linoleic
(t
0
n/c
5
0
C).
2) t v

b) Phn ng 

11
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook
   
o
t
3 2 3 3 5 3 2 3 5 3
16 16
(C H C H COO) C H 3K O H 3C H C H C O O K + C H (O H )  

c) Phn ng ca chng
o
N i, t
17 33 3 3 5 2 17 35 3 3 5
(C H CO O ) C H 3H (C H COO ) C H   


4) ng dng
 Thng quan trng
  tng hp mt s chn thi.
 

III- 

m
 n hp mui natri hoc mui kali ct s cht ph
gia.
 



   
    

2) Cht git tng hp
m
 

n xut
 c tng hp t t ly t du m.
Du m




: C
12
H
25
-C
6
H
4
SO
3
H
23
N a C O
   
C

 thuận nghịch 
 

 

 
  n m 
 
n (n 1) n (n 1)
n , m n
22
m 2 (m 1)( n 1) , m n


  



   

(Có thể chứng minh các công
thức này về mặt toán học)

: 


2
CO
3


CO
HA






mol2,0b
mol1,0a

   
mol06,0

 
 

 2: 
2


2

2
SO
4
l


A. C

3
D. HCOOCH
2
CH
2
OCOH


 C
X
H
y
O
2
+ (x +
4
y
-1)O
2
 xCO
2
+
2
y
H
2
O (1)
 
4
y

H
2n+2-m
 M
este
= 73m + 14n + 2  m =
m.
1,0
7,8
hay 14n + 2 = 15m (2)
 
2
OY
d
< 2 hay 14n + 2 + 16m < 64   n)  m < 2,1






2m
2n
 ancol Y : C
2
H
4
(OH)
2

RCOOR' + H

CH
2
OCOC
2
H
5

   
iot

 (a
axit
)
 (a
xp
)

 (a
este
)
 (a
iot
)
 (a
peoxit
)


35000
56.375,4


 
 

: 

A. 100 ml B. 675 ml C. 200 ml D. 125 ml

 a
xp
= 188,72.10
-3
 
KOH
= 188,72.10
-3
.100 = 18,872 g
 n
KOH
=
18,872
0, 337(m ol)
56

 n
NaOH
= 0,337 mol


u 1: 
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
 
 
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O K
C
= 4
  


14
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook
A. 50%. B. 66,7%. C. 33,3%. D. 65%.



Đ|p |n
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. A
15
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook

A. 
I- 

6
H
12
O
6
)
a
 
  
1

 
 
2
OH[CHOH]
4

OH
OH
-

2) Saccaroz 
12
H
22
O
11
)


 
 
1
 - 
2
 - 
O (C
1
 O  C
2
).
 


 
 
1

H
7
O
2
(OH)
3
]
n
.
16
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook


 
Glucoz
Fructoz
Saccaroz
Mantoz




+ AgNO
3

-

poliancol
+ Cu(OH)
2



lam


lam


lam


lam
-
-


+ H
2
O/H
+

-
-
C
2
H
5
OH+
CO
2

+ H
2
(Ni , t
0
)
Sobitol
Sobitol

-




 (OH)
2


2

4



-07): 
3


A. 0,20M. B. 0,10M. C. 0,01M. D. 0,02M.


Ag
n 2,1 6 :1 08 0, 02(m o l)

 Glucozo

2Ag

G lu coz o
n 0, 02 : 2 0, 01(m ol)  
G lu coz o
C 0, 01 : 0, 05 0, 2 0M  



H
12
O
6


2Ag
x 2x

2 x 43, 2 :108 x 0, 2(m ol)   


y = 0,1(mol)

12 22 11
C H O
0,1.3 42
% m .1 00 48, 718%
70, 2
  





- 
3
/NH
3



fruc toz o
n 0,1 8(m ol)

fructo zo
0,18.180
C % .100 32, 4%
100





3
/NH
3

ra
2


A. 50%. B. 12,5%. C. 25%. D. 75%.


2
A g Br
n 6, 4 8 :1 08 0 , 0 6( m o l); n 1, 2 :16 0 0, 007 5(m o l)   

 Glucozo + 1Br
2

n 2 n 0, 6 ( m o l)
n : n : n 3 : 6 : 2
7 , 4 – 0 , 3. 1 2 – 0, 6.1
n 0, 2 ( m ol)
16














18
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook


AgNO
3
/NH
3

A. 8,64 gam. B. 4,32 gam. C. 43,2 gam. D. 2,16 gam.


240
Ag
m gam  




3
/NH
3


A. 95%. B. 85%. C. 90%. D. 99%.


0, 2 16 :1 08 0 , 0 02( )
Ag
n m ol

Mantozo

2Ag
0, 00 2 : 2 0, 0 01( )
M a nto z o
n m ol  
34, 2 0, 00 1.34 2 3 3, 85 8( )
Sa cca ro zo
m gam   

33, 8 58

m gam   




3
/NH
3


2


AB

19
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook
C D


2
4 3, 2 :10 8 0, 4 ( ); 8 : 160 0 , 0 5( )
A g Br
n m ol n m o l   

- Glucozo +1Br
2

sp
0, 05( )

n m ol n m ol   

- 
Glucozo +1Br
2

0,1( )
G lu coz o
n m o l

- 
Glucozo

2Ag
Fructozo

2Ag
0, 4 : 2 0,1( )
G lu coz o F ru cto zo F ru cto zo
n n n m o l    

70, 2 0, 2 .1 80 34, 2( )
Sa cca ro zo
m gam   

0,1.1 80 34, 2
% .1 00 2 5, 6 4% ; % .1 00 4 8, 7 2%

11
+ H
2
O
0
,Ht

  
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ C
6
H
12
O
6
.
(Saccarozo) (Glucozo) (Fructozo)
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2

6
H
12
O
6

(Glucozo)
* 


20
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook




A. 202,5 gam. B. 270 gam. C. 405 gam. D. 360 gam.

(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ nH
2
O
0


C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O

2C
6
H
12
O
6

C
6
H
12
O
6


2Ag
0, 0 1.4 0, 0 4( )
Ag
n m ol  

4




Ag
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O

2C
6
H
12
O
6


6
H
12
O
6


12
O
6

450 :180 2, 5( )
G lu co zo
n m ol

2, 5 1 00
. .3 42 712, 5( )
2 60
M a ntozo
m gam  





A. 112,5. B. 90. C. 76. D. 72.


21
Công Phá Lý Thuyết Hóa Học Megabook
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)

3


A. 12,96. B. 43,2. C. 25,92. D. 6,48.

34, 2 30
. 0, 03( )
342 1 00
Sa ccaro zo
n m ol

C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O
H

 
2C
6
H
12
O
6


12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O
0
,Ht

  
2C
6
H
12
O
6

C
6
H
12
O
6


2Ag
5, 4 :10 8 0 , 0 5( )
Ag


A. 48,7%. B. 51,3%. C. 74,4%. D. 25,6%.

C
6
H
12
O
6


2Ag
6 1 2 6
43, 2 :1 08 0, 4 ( ) 0 , 2 ( )
A g C H O
n m ol n m ol   
70, 2 0, 2.1 80 34, 2( )
sac ca ro zo
m gam   

34, 2
% .100 48, 7%
70, 2
Sa cca rozo
m  




22

X

nC
6
H
12
O
6

0, 05 8, 5 5
. 171.
0, 05
XX
n M n n
n
    

2; 3 42
X
nM   
C
12
H
22
O
11





2Ag
6 1 2 6
0, 0 2 : 2 0 , 0 1( )
C H O
n m ol  

- 
(C
6
H
10
O
5
)
n
+ nH
2
O
H

 
nC
6
H
12
O
6

C
6

3

- 

2
.

A. 35,7%. B. 47,3%. C. 52,7%. D. 64,3%.

- 
1 0, 8 :1 08 0 ,1( )
Ag
n m ol

Mantozo

2Ag
0,1 : 2 0, 0 5( )
M a nto z o
n m o l  

- 
2
3 0, 4 :16 0 0,1 9( )
Br
n m o l

Mantozo + H
2
O

n m ol

0, 09
% .100 64, 3%
0, 05 0, 09
Sa cca rozo
C 





 Ch
3
trong
NH
3


gam Br
2

A. 34,2. B. 50,4. C. 17,1. D. 33,3.

2
2 1, 6 :1 08 0, 2 ( ); 3 2 :1 60 0, 2( )
A g B r
n m ol n m ol   

X + AgNO


 
nC
6
H
12
O
6
(2)
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 1Br
2


Theo (3)
6 1 2 6
0, 2 ( )
C H O
n m o l
n

= 0,2  0,1 = 0,1 (mol)


2Ag (1)
Glucozo

2Ag (2)

0,1 : 2 2 0, 05( )y x y x y I      

- 
1 9, 44 :1 08 0 ,1 8( )
Ag
n m ol

Saccarozo + H
2
O

2C
6
H
12
O
6
(3)
Mantozo + H
2
O

2C
6





1

2

- 
3
/NH
3


- 
2
SO
4



3
/NH
3

1

2

AB CD

(2)
C
12
H
22
O
11
+ H
2
O
H

 
2C
6
H
12
O
6
(3)
C
6
H
12
O
6


2Ag (4)
Theo (4)

SO
4


3
/NH
3


AB5. CD
0,0035.

- 

6
H
12
O
6
: x(mol) ; C
12
H
22
O
11
: y(mol)
Glucozo

2Ag (1)
Mantozo

n m ol  2 0, 015( )x y II  


0, 005( )x y m ol  



Trích đoạn NATRI CLORUA (NaCl) 1 Trạng thỏi tự nhiờn: TÍNH CHẤT HOÁ HỌC: CANXISUNFAT (CaSO4) 1) Tớnh chất: TÍNH CHẤT HểA HỌC NHễM OXIT Al2O3 1 Tớnh chất vật lớ:

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