TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG LÂM TP. HCM
KHOA MÔI TRƯỜNG VÀ TÀI NGUYÊN
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QUẢN LÝ CHẤT THẢI RẮN
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I.ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ
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63*;E'63"R&CDl.*R*-W('_789_9CY*3@V@EC"'9Y
**7***>--E&39.1*3*R*@8K&@8IC5N`*'*<
9W@N4"ŒCDNW+i.@9CY*4"V@0&L*A063*-W('_*>
E&h+'_*^C*9<*A0/9B65"R&CD+B
Y*?F<(5>N''_9<-W('_*>E&h_@"0(_*
(763*G7H"Œ*W[J*;E'63"R&CD+B
II.TỔNG QUAN VỀ LÝ THUYẾT
II.1.TỔNG QUAN VỀ CHẤT THẢI RẮN
1.Định nghĩa chất thải rắn:
U3"Q*>E&h;0'">*E*>EHN_&h-+N'**'_
9<*A0*'CD67+6[9CY*E;O2*]2R*„Z@*082*'
CD2R"@B+,NaZ0
2.Nguồn gốc:
*@*A8M@-+&0*>E&h9R);0'"Q
wg**2@NW*Ce*>E+'_f•
wg**&@W"Cc"_•
wg***R+H&CDL**R&G*R*<•
wg**N)*6a9R)+W;08•
wg**'_9<*R3-•
wg**'_9<?W8N19R)•
wg**&_"?,(vC5*E67g**9CDB'C5**A07-B
3.Tính chất:
3.1.Tính chất vật lí:
wUB(CY&K
%
wl<•"Ql<•"*A0*>E&h9CY*9)m0(7(CYC5**J0&'"<
9c6)&L(CY*>EH&_@8KA8
3.2.Tính chất hóa học
w7-4@8KB_'7*>E&h

1*6[e&0@9[@'0V@E*A_*c"g0Tf**7-4*>E*/@
B*9<6[eR"*)6O&J?*9<6[-W0+]**R&‡TfC
2R;0'"**('_6OK@6O+„&*+W6CDe(*W8*7*W8O'0*Of•
**7-49FV@0*M;M2R+,Na9CY*
>E&h*„(_Q;0'"**('_*>E&h+'_2R@<*/"
*>E&hZ@*cNS-WA86NaCQ?Cc9<6[(5**('_&*E6R
*cC*0(L8(']?B-+7+J**('_10V@4';7M*^
}3&_-W('_*>E&h_@
…;h94@g"<79<OQ-W('_&*Z@*cw6R*c08_@+i
9P"(_I@(Y*Q_'@@8K(3@+_*9.+E?@>-WZ@*c•M23"
7@8KKKRV@063**M67+,Na&*{'&K1*M
63*-W('_78(_=-I@2/2!CQ
a) Bất cập từ khâu phân loại:
P'@8Kh*63*-W('_*>E-E9CY*1*308_c-+
*>E67-E91*>E&'**]'=*‡P'9]V@89)@8
K9I@78(_=--EQ
w Thay đổi thói quen trong sinh hoạt gia đình là không dễ.
W('_&*_@29cE086G[-&@>*E&*67'"<*ŒCD
NW*…*49.&K&*Z@*ce"J*!g0'0;F&767*7-Kf67'<-
"7@?0(*W8•('_78+i9CY**M7-W;/*6R*cC?Cc9<6[
V@4'*^>8!]8w(R?…0+7+JG*'67'<-"7@?"'_&*
*/.*M7@8K(3@C6O<-10>8;'2"('_G9.&K;
9'=*0'*'W6K63+"R&CD/I@(vN'2M**<NW
*C01*3B-W('_&*_@Q7*[K2R"@B9.#‡&*
08V@K2R[J*9CY*(Y*K2R(7"
UMV@EQF-@7@8KJ*>-
30890+BCDNW*'&X&*E+'_(7J;O96R&)+'M@
;M**-W('_&*_@+i_'&0@7@8KJ*>-L&*E(7
@7@8KJ*>-6G*/.[Na@6[(3@'=*+E?@>**+E
-•"-a*M;M9.@6[(3@(7"94@67'M-P'*'+E?@>'=**@8.

78e$78(>8&*1*-•"$78(>8&*6R*cf@9."*A0V@8&G78(7
2R-E089:&0M;)@'"*^C&0M;)6[*@8.
CCDNW-E(C@&Z&*&'7w9I@78&K1*M2R[9CY*
+19G*A0CDNWN'2R0"@BZ&*H&'7c"<78s'
9/8K@*4@9=&0(7-E089:&0M;)2“@[@'"
\I"=2“@[Qe$f-E*‡(]*@'"9CY**E0('_&*9F-W('_"72R
-EV@086„?PK""<(4Z0e#f-E*J0&Kg('_&*9F9CY*-W
('_e}f-Eˆ676g0*'CD@'"*/.9•89'"&*&'-_"6@
'"*A0"G_**-CD?Fl.EV@8M2“@[78*4M2M-Cc3
@'""5*/#!&K;3
c) Quy trình theo dõi, giám sát phân loại chưa chặc chẽ:
&K1*M0>8+K@)NS1*3c6G*,0&067'(CY&*b+_*d67
NS-W('_„*YN'9=**@2*‹65+K@)65I@*,0&067'&*
I@('_K*4C59M9BCYG9.*/+1@8K&@8I-‡Y-/.;h
94@gCD;7+0@9/W&<9MvJ*CD"@0g9/N4[&0
Z;>*[-"79I@*…@9."*A0*Y(7&*_9W8-4(5(71*-•"
K9W8(7@@8K(3@9.*M;M7-W*'"-'+23@V@E‡8V@8
"Rg*Y"7(CY&*Z@*c*/.*M"&K”ƒ
308'77-B"Œ78-+‚%>*>E&h+'_*C0
9CY*-W('_&'9/&*Z@*c*M"2'E&K€ƒ\5Z;>*[-6g0
K@X"&G&_[-*@#('_&*650@G*42vY-965
"<N'03-*M9.63*-W('_9CY**=*icM@0'6I*'g
9)0-CcG*4P'N•"+2“63*-W('_2R9CY*;@R(O
d) Thùng rác phân loại chưa hiệu quả: ( được trang bị dọc các con đường)
\`(7#"7@&@8IB"7@?0(*'&*Z@*c"7@?"&'*'&*6R*c
C"LCD*…*/.-W;3N1067'"7@+h*67*Z*]*&K‡*„
+B&*&'#‡G8C0@*‹*/+1-W('_G
Người dân thì phân loại còn người thu gom lại đem trộn lẫn vào nhau: P'
"<+BCDNWG&C5*9W8"LCD&>**1*CHJC2(1*(CY
9M@'"G(_&<(`>*E&*67'?P"LCD>863*"G(7"&0(7b*R

K@9M!"#$%+i?,(v*>E&h-+(7"-W*'"-'+ ƒ-W('_
*M$ƒ9B-93$ƒ*R(>-Y-63+ ƒl.1*3Z"a*
K@&K08g;W8D*4*/Z;C5*&.20Cc&G-W
('_&*_@
&C5*9/!"#€9F9."Cc&G-W('_&*_@&K
9)0;7•@[€@8KN'I@@8KWKCc&G9F2R9P"(_
2MV@Eg*@B!"#–Cc&G9F9CY*2H9<H"<+B2@61*
*Y+K@)67[9CY*+1CHJ3G*A0CDNW&K*c+H9/!"
#$#{H™+i"H&<Cc&G-W('_&*_@&0I@2@61*
*Y+K@)•9D+i9."_U@*M?@>W@[U@*R3*0'67
U@9R)]“C
š@8S\!C5*/"9B*{H™*';MQlM08**
7"8*M+E?@>-W*'"-'+_U@(KY-?,(v*>E&hl0C5*
U@(KY-?,(v&*A9F9CY*94@C'7365*R339_+›
+7M-[&*9F9CY*-W('__@\G6[83"6a*„(_(7*4:
*J**'CDNW-W('_&*g09Gc+E?@>2N'0CDNW67
**9c6)*/*J*!-E6[*@8.9]V@8&G@&*9F9CY*-W('_
=*N‡*R63*782RI9cEC65+1Œ(1*V@8MW"*0'9<*A0
***cV@0*J*!67'7.CDNWG*h**h+i7*RP'9/
+i!*CD*R*@8K&@8IW*0'[J**'*<9NW
*C6I;E'63"R&CD3@V@E67**J**A063*-W('_&*_@C
M7'T
\IV@8&G@'"6[*@8.67?,(v&*†s9v*'&.20
9.""RGY-*?F@'"6[*@8.&*67*>-@[;B&W+*
9.1*365&*&K**@8M2K&_*RS"X"*E3"R&CD•&7
+'**V@89)9.*/;3--?,(vK"9B65**766J&*&K2K
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;M7-WZ@*c&>B*'*0*670'7*'CD+,Na\G6[863*
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b) Thùng rác hộ gia đình: hữu cơ và vô cơ
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Thùng xanh để chứa rác hữu cơ
Thùng da cam để chứa rác vô cơ
c) Hệ thống thu gom mới
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1.2. EVALUATION THE INHABITANTS’ PARTICIPATION IN
SEPARATION AT SOURCE BY WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
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