KHOA HOC
KY
THUAT THO
Y TAP XXI SO 1 -
2014
GIAM
SAT
suf LlfU HANH
CUA
VIRUS
CUM
A/H5N1 0
GIA CAM
TAI
4
CHU OAU
MOi
THEN DjA
BAN
THANH PHO
HA NOI
Nguyen Huy Ddng
Sa Nong nghiep va
PTNTHd
Noi
TOM TAT
Ket qua dieu tra hien trang budn ban gia cdm va gidm sat su
luu
hdnh cua virus cum
A/H5N1
tai

chung la dn
dinh
qua
nhifiu
nam,
ty
1§
luu hanh cao
hem
thudng xuat hien tir thang 12 nam trudc den thdng 5 nam sau.
- Su luu hdnh cua virus
ciim
A/H5N1
tai 4 chp la
1,11
%
(nam 2009);
0,31
(nam
2012)
va
0,17%
(trong 6 thang ddu nam
2013),
cd mdi lien quan chat che den ngudn g6c gia cam ngoai tinh, ty le tiem
phdng vd ty le bao hp ciia gia cam sau tiem phdng.
- Su luu hanh cua virus
ciim
A/H5NI
tai 4 chp tap trung vdo cdc thdng 1- 5 trong nam, day id thdi

Close management on disease Inspection and slaughter control works was paid by the
competent authorities at these markets.
In all of 4 markets, the average prevalence rate of A influenza virus was
11.28%.
Of which,
the prevalent rale of A/H5N1 virus was 2.54%. In general, the development of A influenza virus
prevalence was stable
in
the last many years. The highest prevalent rate was usually occurred
in duration from December to May of the next year.
The prevalence of A/H5N1 virus at 4 markets was 1.11% (in 2009), 0.31% (in 2012) and
0.17% (in the first 6 months, 2013) having close relation with the origin of poultry coming from,
vaccinated and protective rate after vaccination.
KHOA
HOC KY
THUAT
THO
Y
TAP
XXI SO 1 -2014
The prevalence of A/H5N1virus at 4 markets concentrated from January to May, that is time
for the highest transportation and consumption of poultry (before and after Tet holidays) and the
transition time for the first
A/H5N1
vaccination in the year.
/keywords:
A/H5N1
virus.
Prevalence, Vaccinated
rate.

con ngudi.
Thdnh ph6 Ha Npi co nhu cdu tieu dimg thuc
phdm cd nguon gdc
tir
dpng vat rdt ldn,
tnmg
binh
600 - 700 tdn / ngay, trong do ty le thit gia cdm
chiem 30
%,
trong khi thdnh phd mdi tu cung cap
dupc 60%, cdn lai nhap tir cdc tinh khac hoac
nhap khdu; gilt md gia cdm chu yeu nhd le trong
khu ddn cu, viec kilm sodt giet md - ve sinh
thii
y cdn nhieu han che. Viec budn bdn,
gifit
md gia
cdm khdng ro ngudn gdc, gia cdm nhap ldu vdn
tai dien thudng xuyen. Ddy la mdt trong nhiing
nguy8n
nhdn lam
Idy
lan dich
bSnh.
Trudc tinh
hinh
tren, lam the nao dl co
thi
chu ddng biet dupc nai dang luu hanh dich, ty

- Hien trang budn bdn gia cam d mpt s6
cha ddu m6i tren dia ban thdnh ph6 Ha Npi
(chp gia cdm Hd Vy - H.Thudng
Tin;
chp
Bde
Thdng Long - H. D6ng Anh; chp Chiic Son - H.
Chuong
MJ;
chp Sdn - H. Thach Thdt).
- Gidm sat su luu hanh cua virus
ciim
A/
H5N1
tren dan gia cdm tai 4 chp.
2.2.
Vat lieu va phuvng phap
nghi€n cihi
2.2.1.
Vat lieu
- Mdu swab gia cdm Idy tir 4 chp ddu
moi
buon bdn gia cdm.
- Bp
Idt
phdt hien
ciim
A/H5N1
2.2.2.
Phuffngphdp

dau
m^i
Bdn chp ddu mdi budn bdn gia cam deu
nSm
tren cdc
true
giao th6ng, d6ng thdi Id
tryc
buon
bdn gia cdm chinh d Hd Npi.
KHOA HQC
KY
THUAT THU
Y TAP XXI S6 1
- 2014
Chp gia cam Hd
Vy:
Chp gia cdm Ha Vy la
chp gia cdm ddu mdi ldn nhdt Ddng Nam A vdi
156 gian kiot tren
dien
tich 1,62 ha. Trong do,
da s6 hp chi bu6n ban mpt loai gia cdm la ga
(81/156
hp) hodc vit (48/156 hp).
C6ng tdc kiem djch, kiem sodt gilt md va
kiem tra ve sinh
thii
y ciing da dupc thuc hien
nghiem

tinh Thdi Nguyen, Vmh Phuc,
Bde
Giang. Gia
cdm bu6n bdn tai chp cung dupc kiem tra bdi
can bd
ciia
Tram
thii
y.
Chp Thi trdn Chiic San vd chp San la nhung
chp hoat ddng mang tinh chat cung
edp
hdng
hda cho ngudi dan dia phuang
la
chinh. Cha
hoat dpng theo phien, khu vuc bu6n ban
gia
cam
chua dupc quy hoach
each
ly
vdi
cac khu vuc
khdc.
Gia cam budn ban tai chp phan Idn do cac
hp chan
nudi
tren dia bdn huyen cung cap.
Gia

2.500
2.500
2.500
3.000
3.200
13.700
Chp*
San
500
500
600
600
650
2.850
Ch<?'
Chuc
Sen
400
450
500
500
500
2.350
Tbinh
17.100
19.863
21.150
4.775
5 338
68.225

10
Cho Chuc Son
Con
2232
118
%
90
5
Tbinh
Con
55.433
12.792
%
81.25
18.75
Thdng ke tinh hinh budn bdn gia cdm tai 4
chp ddu mdi cho thay, hang ngdy cd 13.645 (sd
trung binh qua 5 ndm d bdng 1) gia cam luu
thdng tai 4 chp ddu mdi, trong do cd
81,25%
ga
cd ngudn gdc
tgi
Ha Npi vd
18,75%
cd ngudn
gdc ngoai tinh. Ddc
bi?t
chp Ha Vy cd s6 luang
gia cdm bu6n ban mdi ngay rat Idn, cao diem

Kit
qud gidm sdt virus cum
A/H5N1
tai
4
ch? aiu m6i nSm
2009-2013
Dupc
su
hd trp
ciia Dg
an
VAHIP
-
Bp
Ndng
D^ep
va
Phat triln Ndng thon, chiing
toi da
giam
sat
virus
cum gia cam
thudng xuyen tren
dia ban thdnh pbd
Ha
Npi tii nam 2009
din
nay.

2013
T6ng
S6 miu XN
(swab
g$p)
m
450
1056
96
960
576
3138
Dipomg
tinh
cum
A
(gene
M)
(nl)*
16
141
10
123
65
355
Tyl^%
3,56
13,35
10,42
12,81

Djch*
Thang
2
Binth^ng
6
Ty ie
(%
Nam 2009
2010 2011 2012 2013
Hinh
1.
Dien bi4n liru
hinh virus
ciim
A/H5N1
tai
4
chgt
(2009-2013)
KHOA HQC
KY THUAT THO Y
TAP
XXI S6
1-2014
Ket qua d bang tren cho thdy: Trong tdng sd
3138 mau xet nghiem giai doan 2009 - 2013,
cd 345 mlu duong tinh vdi virus
ciim
A (duang
ti'nh vdi gen M), chilm ty le

chiing td
sir
luu hanh cua virus cum A d
chp gia cdm sdng la phd bien
{ll,31%i).
Tuy
nhien, virus
ciim AyH5Nl
chi chilm 2,54 %
trong s6 cdc virus
ciim
A da dupc phat hien.
Rieng ndm 2009, ty Ie nhilm virus cum A
nay Id thdp nhdt (chi 3,56 % so vdi
11,31%
qua
5 ndm); ly do cd
thi
Id d giai doan ddu trien khai
gidm sdt virus,
vi$c
thu thdp mdu va bao quan
mdu trong qud trinh chuyen ve phdng thi nghiem
chua thuc sy dap
iing
yeu cdu tieu chudn nhu
thudng quy thuc hien vao
nhihig
ndm ke tiep.
Tuy nhien, nam 2009 lai c6 ty

0,31%
nam 2012
va 0,17% nam
2013
(tinh
din didng
6/2013).
Tuong tu, ty le duang tinh H5 trong tdng s6 cac
virus
ciim
A cung gidm: tii 31,25% ndm 2009
xu6ng 2,44% nam 2012 va 1,54% ndm
2013.
D€
tim hieu them nguyen nhan
ciia
si^
luu
hdnh virus
ciim
A/H5N1 tai 4 chp dau
m6i,
chiing tdi
tidn
hanh phdn
tich
dien bien cua
duang tinh virus cum
A/H5NI
trong mdi tuong

Som
5%
9,09%
0
Ket qud d bdng tren cho thdy, duang tinh ciim
A/H5NI
chi xay ra d 2 chp: chp Ha VJ - huyen
Thudng Tfn vd chp San - huyen Thach Thdt.
Trudng hpp mdu duang
tinh
d chp San chi
xay ra vdo dung dpt cd dich ndm 2009. Nhffng
ndm cdn lai cdc mlu d chp Sdn cung dm tinh
tuang
ty
nhu cdc mdu d chp Bac Thdng Long
va chp Chiic Son. Ket qud nay chiing td su luu
thdng gia cam chii yeu cd ngudn gdc tir Thanh
phd Hd
Npi
it cd nguy co nhilm virus
ciim PJ
H5NI. Tuy nhien khdng
thi
chu quan vdi nhdn
xet nay vi
th\rc
te da xdy ra 3 trudng hpp duang
tinh cum A/H5N1 cho ndm 2009 khi dich xuat
bien vd cdc mlu nay

XXI SO 1 -
2014
DI
1dm sang td
mdi
tuong quan giua ty le
nhilm virus
ciim
A/H5NI
tai chp ddu mdi vd
vdi ty le tiem phdng vd bao hp d gia cdm cd
ngudn gdc npi tinh, chiing tdi phdn tich ty le
duang tinh virus
ciim
A/H5N1
so vdi ty le tiem
phdng trong
nh&ng
nam vira qua, ket qua dupc
trinh bay
d
bang 5.
Bang 5. Ty le tiem phong cum
A/H5N1
tai dja ban va va
sir lu-u
hanh virus tai
chg>
Nam
2009

qua
5
nam theo ddi,
(ngoai trir nam 2009) ty le tiem phdng vacxin
ciim
A/H5N1 dudng nhu khdng cd dnh hudng
den ty le luu hanh cac virus
ciim
A
noi
chung
(6n djnh d
miic
10,42
din
13,35% tii 2010
din
nay),
tuy nhien cd the anh hudng den
sir
luu
hanh
ciia
virus
ciim
A/H5N1.
So lieu thdng
k6
d bang
10

nhieu do
gia
cdm dupc nhap tir nhieu ngudn
khac nhau; gia cdm mdi va gia cdm cu chua
ban
het dupc nhdt chung d mot mat dp cao. Co
thS
nhin nhan qudn the gia cdm
a
chp Ha Vy la rapt
quan the h6n hpp cua ga va thiiy cdm du
loai,
du
gidng da dupc tiem phdng (cd ngudn gdc tir dja
phuang) va cd the chua dupc tiem phdng (tir cac
ngudn
goe
khdc). Qudn the ndy chiia dung mpt
nguy
CO
nhilm vd lay nhilm
ciim
A/H5N1 rat
cao ma sau do phdt ra theo dudng
v^n
chuyen
gia cam sdng.
DI
danh gia
diem

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Tong
So mau
giim
sat
96
288
288
384
384
384
288
258
192
192
192
192
3138
Diromg
b'nh
cum A

cumA/H5N1
1
0
3
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
Tyif
%
1,04
0,00
1,04
0.52
0,78
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,00
0,29
(A) Ty le

9
10 11 12
Hinh 2.
DiSn
bien luu hanh virus
ciim
theo thing
(2009-2013)
KHOA HOC
KY THUAT
THO Y
TAP XXI
SO
1
- 2014
Kit
qud tren cho thdy duang tinh virus cum
A ndi chung tap trung trong khoang thdi gian tir
thdng
12
nam trudc den thang 4 nam sau, duang
tinh
ciim
A/H5N1 cham han 1 thang, chu yeu
tap trung vao thang I
din
thang 5.
Cd the
coi
day la thdi diem nhay cam luu

va cung la
Iiic
tai dan vdi sd
lupng ldn. Thdi diem nay cd nhieu gia cdm chua
duoc tiem phong hoac dupc tiem phdng da
ldu,
het thdi han bao hp,
Nhu vay cd the xdc dinh thai diem ndng
va nhay cdm ddi vdi
sir luu
hanh virus
ciim
A/
H5N1 la thdi diem trudc va sau tet c6 truyen,
cung la thdi diem trudc khi tiem phdng vacxin
ciim
A/H5N1
dai tra dpt I trong nam.
IV. KET LUAN
VA
DE NGHI
4.1
Ket
ludn
- Trong 4 chp, chp Ha Vy la chp budn ban
gia cam ldn nhdt, cao diem Ien tai 81.000 gia
cam/ngay va ty Ie gia cam ngoai tinh dua ve
cung nhieu nhdt tdi 40% so vdi 3 chp (chp
Bde
Thang Long, cha San, chp Chuc Son). Cdng tac

chp ddu moi tir
1,11%
nam 2009;
0,31
vd 0,17
Vo
cho nam 2012 va 6 thang dau nam 2013 co
m6i lien quan chat che den den ngudn gdc gia
cdm tii ngoai tinh, ty le tiem phong va ty le bao
hd gia cam sau tiem phdng.
- Su luu hanh cua virus cum
A/H5NI
tai 4
chp dau moi chu yeu vdo cdc thang 1- 5 trong
nam la thdi diem tieu thu, luu thdng gia cdm
manh (trudc vd sau Tet Nguyen dan) dong thdi
la giao thdi ciia dpt tiem phdng vacxin
ciim
A/
H5N1 dot
1
trong nam.
4.2 De nghi
-
DI
nghi Thanh phd duy tri
kinh
phi de ca
quan chuyen mon gidm sat chat che, dinh ky
sir

cdng tdc 2 nam phdng chdng dich
ciim
gia cdm, Hpi nghi tdng ket 2 ndm
phong chdng dich
ciim
ga. ngdy 18
thdng 4
nam 2005, Hd
NQI.
2.
Cue
thu y
(2013)
Website
Cue
thu y.
hftp:f/
cucthuy.gov.vn
3.
Nguyen Tien Diing, Dao Thanh Vdn, Bin
Ngoc Anh, Ken
Inui,
Nguyin The Vinh,
Nguyin Bd Thanh, Pham Thi Kim Dung.
KHOA HQC KY THUAT THC Y TAP XXI
S(3
1 - 2014
(2005) Gidm sat tinh trang nhiem virus cum
gia cdm tai d6ng bang sdng Cim Long cuoi
ndm 2004. Tap chi Khoa

Council Directive 92/40/EEC of
J
9th May
1992 introducing Community measures
for the control of avian influenza. Official
Journal of Eropean Communides, 1-15.
Hinshaw,V.S., Webster,R.G., Easterday,
B.C., and Bean,W.J., Jr. [1981] Replicadon
of avian influenza A viruses in mammals.
Infect
Immun,
354-361.
8. Kawaoka.Y [1991] Difference in receptor
specificity among influenza A virus from
different species of animals. J.Vel.MedSci,
357-358.
9. Kishida,N., Sakoda,Y., Isoda,N., Matsuda,K.,
Eto,M.,
Sunaga,Y.,
Umemura,T., and Kida,H.
[2005] Pathogenicity of H5 influenza viruses
for
ducks,
^rc/7
Viwl,
1383-1392.
10 OIE
and Council of European Communities
[1992]
Council Directive 92/40/Eec of

hop
vai
Chi
eye Thii
y Bac Ninh
t6
chiic
hpi
thao pho
biln
kiln thiic voi chuyen de " Mot
so benh truyen nhilm nguy hiem
d
dpng vat lay sang
ngudi"
cho cac can bp lam cong tac chuyen mon ve
ch5n
nuoi,
thii
y cua So N6ng
nghi?p
& PTNT,
Chi eye thii
y,
Trgm
thu y, cac trang trai chan nuoi tap trung va cac
hpi vien cua Hoi
Thii
y
a

Nam
d3
neu ro muc
dich,
y
nghTa
ciia
hoi thao la
viia
pho
bien kien
thiic
ciia
cac chuyen
gia,
dong
then
cac dai bieu se
ihao
luan sau
sic
cac chil de de cap de
lain
ro
duqc
trong thuc te lam sao han che toi da nhiing benh truyen nhiem nguy
hiem 6
dpng vat lay sang
nguoi,
gop phan phat trien

tri
buoi
thao luan, cac chuyen
gia
giai dap, trao doi
nhthig
y kiln neu len cua cac dai bieu tao nen khong khi ccn mo, than mat va
hieu biet
sau
s3c
nhihig vdn de de cap trong hpi thao.
Thay
m3t
cho Ban tl chiic Hpi thao, GS.TS Dau
Ngpe
Hao -
Chii
tich
Hpi
Thu y
Viet
Nam chan thanh cam
an
SV giup
dd
t^n
tinh
ciia
Ban lanh dao Chi
eye thii