Cac bien phap an toan lao dong
khi thi cong
phSn
than cong trinh
TS Ta Van Phan
Trucmg Cao dang xay dung so 1
C
dng nghe xay dung phit trien dem lai
Ipi ich tol da cho
chii
dau
tU,
nha thau va
ngUdI
sir dung sin pham xay dung. Tuy
nhien di ciing vdi cic cdng nghe dd cung can
ddi hdi cd cic bien phip an toin lao ddng tUdng
xUng.Tai nan lao ddng trpng linh vUc xiy dung
(cdng trtnh din dung, cdng nghiep, giao thdng)
van d
mute
rat cao chilm khoing tren 50% tong
sd vu tai nan chet
ngudl.
Nguyen nhan dan den
tai nan li do vl pham quy
trinh,
khdng cd
bien
phip an tpin ve sinh lap ddng. Trpng thi cdng
phin thin cdng trinh bap gdm nhieu phan viec

pha.
1.1.
An todn khi gia cong cop pha.
- Phin xudng che tao cdp pha phii dat xa
cic phin xudng, nhi miy de giy chay, phil cd
ndi quy chap hanh nghiem ve phdng vi chda
chiy.
- Khi lim viec vdi miy cUa, miy bao phii
dim bio quy tic an
toan,
cd CO cau che
chin,
cic phuong tien bio hd ci nhan (kinh, gang tay,
giay, quan ap gpn ging )
1.2.An
toin khi lip
di/ng
cop pha
- Tai nan thudng gap trong cdng tic thio
lip cdp pha la ngi tir tren cao xudng hoac do
mdt bd phin
ciia gian
dio, cdp pha gay, do,
dung cu d
trin
cao rdi xudng hoac dinh ddng
tren cdp pha bj trdi ra.
- Khi dung lip cdp pha nhieu tang thi tang
dudi phii cd djnh chic chan
mdi

An toan khi thio
ddcop
pha
- Khi be tdng dim bio
dii
thdi
gian,
dii
cudng dp mdi dUpc thao dd cpp pha.
- Khi thio dd da giio, cop pha
ciia kit
cau
phufc
tap phii tuin theo mdt trinh tu ngit
nghep ve
thU
tU thio dd, dim bio dung ky
thuat.
- Dim bao an toan dl phdng trudng hpp cd
tam van rdi tif tren cap xudng gay tai nan lim
gay dan giio, hdng cdp pha.
- Ngudi dd cdp pha phii cd that lung bio
hp lao dpng,
dUng
tren dan giip cd lan can chac
chin.
- Cic dung cu diing de thio dd cdp pha
phil de gpn gang tren din giap, khdng dupc
nem,
vift tif tren cao xudng. Nghiem

^
Hinh
1.
Thkong phan than
cong
86'^^'•^•B^
01.2014
- Khi cao ri bang phuong phip phun cit
phii che chan kin, cd rio bao va biln bio cdng
nhan phii cd quan ao, gang tay,
giiy
kinh
- Khi cao ri bang may phai cd thiet bj che
chin bd phin truyen ddng, trudc khi thao tic
phii kiem tra cic buldng (ve dp ben va khi
ning
each
dien).
2.2.
An toin khi cit cot thep
a.Khi
cdt bang
mdy
- Trudc khi cat phii kilm tra may, vj tri
ciia
ludi dao, dau md.
- Khi cat phii
gia
chat cdt thep, khi ludi dao
lul ra mdi dupc cho cdt

chit vam, diing
lUc
tif tif udn
theo gdc dp bin ve thiet ke yeu cau. Khdng
dupc udn cdt thep to d tren cao hoac tren gian
giao.
- Nlu udn cdt thep bing may thi trUdc khi
thao tic phii kilm tra cac bp phan
ciia
may,
phil cho chay thir trudc khi thao tic. Trong qua
trtnh cat ngudi dilu khiln miy phii tuin
thii
cic quy tac an
toin,
tip trung chu y quan sit,
nSm
vflng tinh nang ky thuit cua may, khdng
sufa miy, thay dau md khi dang thao tic, dim
bip an toin
dien,
phii sir dung cac dung cu bio
hdcinhin.
2.4.An
toin khi hin cot thep
- Dim bio dien ip khi han li 60
+
65V, cac
miy han khdng dupe diing chung mdt cau dao
ngudn,

xa.
- Budng lam viec cua miy hin ddi dau phii
lam bang vat lieu chdng chay.
2.5.An
toin khi dung lap cot thep
- Khi chuyen cdt thep xudng hd khdng dupc
quing,
phii chp trupt tren ming nghieng cd
diy budc.
- Khi dat cdt thep cdt, tudng thing diing
cap tren 3m thi
cU
2m dit mdt ghe giao cd chd
difng rdng tren
Im
cd lan can rdng tren 0,8m,
lam viec phai cd diy an
toin,
phii di giiy chdng
trupt.
- Khi dat cdt thep phii
dUng
tren sin cdng
tic. Khi dieu chinh hay cd dinh phan dau
ciia
khung
cdt
thep phil cd cic thanh chdng tam.
- Khi budc vi han cic
kit

duoc treo cao tai noi dudng di
lai,
cau thang len
xudng,
noi do be tdng, nhflng noi cam phii cd
den bio hieu nguy hiem.
- Khdng dflpc leo theo giao len xudng noi
lam viec, phil cd cau thang rieng chac chin va
cich vj tri lim
viec
> 80 cm. Cam khdng dflpc
hut thudc nghi
ngpl
tren giio.
- Khdng dung gach, dung cu khdng dim
bio
kechin
giao.
- Noi do be tdng cao > 2m phii sfl dung
giin giio cd tay
vjn.
- Lim sin cdng tic chac chan khi dd be
tdng neu be tdng keo qua Id chfla d
san,
tran thi
phil day lai; khi nghi khdng dflng tren d vang,
lanh td da thio vat chdng d
dfldi;
khdng ngdi
tren mep van khudn dam de dam be tdng mi

- Lam ve sinh dng bang cao su vi cic bd
phan khic khi miy ngflng lam viec.
- Chi van chuyin vfla bang thing til tfl dfldi
len tren va
hit sfle
han
chi
van chuyin ngflpc
chieu,
thing tii chuyen ddng len xudng phii
tuin theo
tin
hieu.
- Thung van chuyin vflng
bin
chac, khdng
dd ri, de ddng md thung den pheu 66, khdng
dupc dua qua dau cdng nhan. Tdc dp quay va
len cao phii chim dim bio thiing be tdng ludn
trong
tuthi
dn djnh va cich mieng pheu khpin
1
m
mdi
md day thung
trdn.
- Khi van chuyen vfla be tdng bang can
true
cam ngudi qua lai d phia dudi va cd den khi lam

thudng xuyen.
Khi sfl dung eau dudng di cua thiing do be
tdng khdng dUdc dl qua khu vUc cd ngUdi lam
viec ben
dudi.
Khi dung miy bdm be tdng can chu y:
Cic dng be-tdng phii dupc cd dinh vi
phil lap dat thiet b| chdng xoay.
- Khdng ai dupc lim viec dudi can bdm be
tdng khi dang do be tdng.
- Cdng nhin dflng canh vdi phun vi ngudi
dilu khien bom be-tdng phii quy djnh nhflng
tin hieu thudng dung de trao ddi trong qui
trinh van hanh phudng
tien.
- Chin chdng phii dupc md rdng
din
vj
tri
chieu dai tdi da.
- Xe bdm be tdng phil dflng d vj tri cd nen
dat
on
dinh.
- Cin bPm be-tdng
chi
dupc dung de bPm
b#-tdng.Khdng
dupc dung de nang vat
ning.

trCtc,
Ifet cdu.
- Diing giii phip khdng dung vdi sU lim
vi&c
trong qui trtnh thi cdng va sfl dung.
- Xic djnh khdng dung tii tac dung len
kit
cau trong qua trtnh van chuyin, cau lap, sfl
dung;
sai sdt trong phuong phip
tinh.
- Chpn giii phip
kit
cau, kiln
true
khdng
dl cap tdi dieu kien an toan trpng thi cdng lip
gh^p.
4.1.2.
Nguyin nhdn do thieu
sdtiien
quan den
chdt luang che tao cau kiin
- Sfl dung vit lieu khdng dung chung
loai,
chat lupng
SP
vdi thiet kl.
- Gia cdng,
chi

hpp,
xic djnh vj
tri,
phuang phip treo bupc
khdng dung lim roi cau
kien.
- Khdng cd bien phip cd dinh tam thdi cac
cau
ki6n
khi chUa cd mdi ndi vinh
cflu.
- Xic djnh trtnh tu lip ghep chp caU kien
khdng phfl hop vdi
kit
cau, khdng dim bio dn
djnh dan
din
do.
- Khdng cd cic phUOng tien lim viec tren
cao (din giio, sin thao tic, day an toin) giy
ngi cao.
4.1.4.
Nguyin nhdn khi
t/iUc
hiin ldp ghip
tren cong tritdng
- Cdng nhin vi pham quy
trinh,
quy pham
lip ghep, khdng thuc hien dung cac bien phip

thiet
kekien
trCic,
kit cau.
-Trong qui trinh thilt kl can phii tinh toin
tdi tii trpng phit sinh trong qui trinh thi cdng
dl dua ra cic giii phap, cic chfl y, yeu cau cin
thiet trong qua trtnh thi cdng.
4.2.2.Ngdn ngiia tai nan do thieu sdt lien
quan den chat luang
che tqo
cdu kien
Ol trinh cau kien bj hdng, bj gay trong qua
trinh van chuyin, cau lip cung nhu trinh
cac tai
nan ding
tiec
xiy ra do chat IUdng cau kien can:
- Sfl dung vit lieu dung chflng
loai,
chat
lupng
SP
vdi thilt kl;
- Gia cdng, che tap dung kich thudc;
- Kilm soit chat lupng mdi ndi;
- Can ed nhan ghi rd ngay
ehi
tao vi trpng
lupng ciu

cdng.
- Phil cd
bl#n
phip cd djnh tam thdi cic cau
kien khi chua cd mdi ndi vinh
cflu.
- Phil xiy dung trinh tU lip ghep cau kien
phu hpp vdi
kit
cau, vdi thiet bj thi cdng va
trtnh dp, tay
nghi
cfla cdng
nhin.
- Phil bd tri cic phuong tien lam vile tren
cao (din giao, sin thao tic, day an toan)
phii
hop.
4.2.4 Ngdn
ngCia
tai nan khi thac hiin idp
ghip trin cdng trudng
a.Ngan ngfla tai nan do
161
thiet
-Thilt bj chdng xoin (chi tiet 2
cua diy tdi phii lam viec chinh xic,
-Trpng lupng cic vat dUpc na.
hon tii trpng lam viec an
toin.

11)
phii
dit tai can
cau.
- Mdc cau vi khda him (chi tiet 12) phii
hoat ddng tdt.
- Khi chin chdng cua cau dat tren nln di't
yeu,
phii cd bin thep ke ben
dUdI
(chi tilt
15).
b. Ngan ngfla tai nan do ldi thiet bj treo
budc
- Kilm tra thudng xuyen diy trep va budc
tii de phit hien cie hUu hdng nhu hinh dang
bat thudng vi hien tupng cd vet cit.
- Khdng dung day don de treo va budc til.
Men dung cip (td hdp cac day ddn) dl treo vi
budc
til.
- Khi nang vat
thi
len khdi mat dat, phii
tam dflng ning
6e
kilm tra va on djnh cfla vit
the.Khdng dupc vfla nang vfla dl chuyin ngang.
- Phil cd cic milng dem bio vi day cip
treo

- Sfl dung phflong
tien
lam tren cao (gian
giio,
ghi,
thang ) dl td chflc chd di lai vi lam
viec an toan cho cdng
nhin.
- Cung cap diy an
toan,
giay chdng trflpt
day dil chp cdng
nhin.
- Cam dflng len cau
kien,
bd phan chUa
dupc cd dmh chic
chin:
cam vdi tay ddn vat ci'u
cdn
IP
Iflng tren cap.
4.2.5.
Ngdn
ngCla
tai nan do cdc nguyin nhdn
khdc
- Phii cd ndi quy va hudng dan cho ngUdi
lao ddng vl an toin lao ddng trUdc khi lam viec
tren cdng trudng.

I.Nguyen
nhan giy tai ngn trong cong
ticxay:
5.1.1
.Khoi
xdy do:
- Vfla xay khdng dim bio chat lupng
- Vi pham quy tic xay: dit gach sai; mach
vfla khdng no; xiy qui chilu cao dpt xay; xay
tudng
10
dii, cao khdng bd tru.
-Tudng mdi xiy gap mUa
5.1.2.
Ngd cao:
- Do khi van chuyen vat
lieu,
lim viec tren
cao khdng cd phuong tien lam viec tren cao
vflng chic an toan nhU: giio ghe, giio ngoai,
sin cdng tic; day an
toan.
5.7.3.
Viphqm quy tdc
an
todn khi
van chuyen
vgt lieu:
- Cdng nhin tung gach, do vat lieu tfl tren
cao.

viec
tren
sin cdng tic.
- Khi xiy tudng, dng khdi cao phil cd rio
ngin theo chu vi cie edng tinh cich tudng
1,5m
dl trinh dung cu, vat lieu xay dung rdi xudng
- Che chin nhflng Id tudng ttf tang 2 trd len
nlu
16
dd ngudl chui qua dupc
- Khdng dflng tren mat tfldng, khdng dua
thang vip tfldng mdi xay de len xudng
- Vit lieu dfla len cap phii diing thang tii,
tdi,
can true.
- Khdng nem gach bfla bii xudng mat dit.
-Trang bi cic phflong tien phdng hd lap
ddng
nhfl;
giiy, mu, diy an
toan,
gang tay, ung.
Khdng do mun rie xay dung bfla bii
xudng dat nhat li khu vUc dan cfl giy d nhiem
mdi
trfldng, phii dflpc tap trung dl chuyin ra
bii thii
qui
djnh.