Y HOC VIET
NAM
THANG 2 - SO 2/2014
trung binh (46,6%).
Loai
thieu
mau
dang
sac
hong cau binh thffdng chiem 59,3%. 62.5% thieu
mau khdng
do cac
benh
ly
tiiy
xffdng
vdi
tiiy
dd
binh thffdng hoac tang sinh lanh tfnh dong
HC.
Benh mau
ac
tinh
la
nguyen nhan
gay
thieu
mau
chiem
23,1%.

Spectrum
of
Bone
Man-ow
aspirabon test resultsat
Prince
Rashid
Hospital/Jordan.
A 3
Year
Experienceint J
Biol Med Res. 2012; 3(2):
1648-1650
Egesie OJ, Joseph DE, Egesie UG,
Ewuga
03.
Epidemiology
of
anemia necessitating bone
marrow aspiration cytology
in
Jos. Niger Med
J.
2009;50:61-1.
Jha
A,
Sayami
G,
Adhikari RC, Panta D, Jha
R. Bone marrow examination

G,
Singh
AM,
Sharma
LDC
Neoplastic lesions
in the
bone marrow:
a
10 year
study in a teaching hospital. JIACM 2008;9;175-8.
Pudasaini, Prasad
KBR
(2012). Interpretation
of bone marrow aspiration
in
hematological
disorder Journal
of
Pathology
of
Nepal (2012) Vol.
2,
309 -312
MO TA HANH VI NGUY
Ca
NHIEM HIV VA XAC
DINH
TY LE NHIEM HIV
COA

nhi/
tud'i
bat
d'au
tiem chich
ma
tuy,
sff
dung chung bdm kim tiem
khi
hem chfch
ma tuy va
khdng
sy dyng
bao cao
su cho
tat ca cac lan quan he tinh
dye.
Day chfnh
la
cac hanh
vi nguy cd can
dupe
can thiep
nhSm
lam giam
ty le lay
nhiem HIV trong nhdm ngffdi nghien chich ma tuy.
SUMMARY
EVALUTION ON

injection
daig
use, sharing needles used
to
inject drugs and
not
Bui Thi Nga*, Nguyen Anh Quang*,
Nguyen Thanh Long**
using condoms
for all sex
times. This
is the
risk
behavior interventions should be aimed
at
reducing the
prevalence
of
HIV infection among drug injectors.
Tit khoa:
HIV/AIDS,
Nghien chich
ma
tuy,
Hanli
VI
nguy
cd.
Ha Npi
I.

diing chung bdm kim tiem (BKT)
khi
tiem chich
ma
tuy
(TCMT)
va
hanh
vi
hoat dpng tinh
due
khdng
an
toan. Khdng
chi co
hanh
vi
tiem chich
va tinh
due
khdng
an
toan
la cd
nguy
ai lay
nhiem
HIV ma
tinh trang nguy
cd

Hanh vi tiem chich ma
tiiy ciia
ngu'di nghien
chi'ch ma
tiiy
(NCMT) la mot yeu to rat cao lam
gia tang lay nhiem HIV d Chau A; dien hinh la
Trung Qudc, Indonesia va Viet Nam. Phan Idn
nhu'ng ngu'di NCMT dang d do tudi cd nhu cau
quan he tinh
due
cao, nhieu ngu'di NCMT cdn
tham gia vao hoat dpng mua ban dam,
sir
ket
hijp
nay cang lam cho nguy cd lay nhiem HIV ra
cpng dong.
Tai
Thanh php Ha Npi, tfnh den 30/6/2013,
luy
tich _cac tru'dng
hdp
ngu'di
nhiem HIV
di/dc
phat hien la 20.524 hien cdn song, trong do
5.272 tru'dng hdp chuyen sang giai doan AIDS va
3.802 ngirdi tir vong do AIDS. Hien nay dich van
dang trong giai doan tap trung va ty le nhiem HIV

ciru:
Tai 02
quan/huyen
Ha
Ddng va Tir
Liem,
TP Ha
Npi.
-
Thdi
gian nghien
ciru:
tir thang 1/ 2012 den
thang 12/2012
- Ddi
tdOng
nghien
ciru:
La ngirdi nghien chich
ma tuy sii dung cac loai ma tuy bang bdm kim
tiem theo tinh mach.
- Phu'dng phap nghien cu'u: ap dung thiet ke
nghien ciru md ta cat ngang. Cd mau du'dc tinh
thep
cong thirc
tinh;
" =
Zn 2,
P-(l-p)/d'
n ; la

III.
Kft-QUA NGHIEN Cl>U
3.1.
M§t
so
d^c
tru'ng ca nhan cua ngu'di
nghien
chich ma tiiy
Bang
1: Dac diem ve nhdm tud'i va trinh dp hpc van (n= 400)
£)ac
tru'ng
Nhom tuoi
< 20 tuoi
20-29
30-39
>40
Hoc van
Mil
chii'
Tieu hoc
Phd thong cd sd
Phd
thdng trung hoc
Dai hoc, cao dang
Ty le
(»/o)
3,80
47.00

van:
Nhin chung cac
doi
tddng co
trinh dg
hpc
van
tddng ddi
thap.
Trong
dd,
phd
thong cdsd chiem
ty le
cao
nhat
(44,0%),
phd thdng
tmng hgc
(38,8%),
tieu hoc
(13,3%),
dinh do Dai
hgc,
cao dang chiem
(3,4%),
dSc
biet
cd
0,5%

nghiin
c&u
cho thiy
Ng&di
NCMT lam rit
nhieu nganh
nghi
khac
nhau trong dd tap
trung chij
yiu la nghi t&do
(60,5%),
nhan vlin ban hang (8,5%) va lam rugng
(7,5%).
Ngoai
ra
cdn mgt so
cong
viec khac
nh&:
chu kinh
doanh
(6,2%),
sinh vlin
(2,5%),
nhan
vien
Nha
n&dc
(0,7%)).

lan/ngay
HH|
6
'•^.i :rji:i-
^rtidAaJ
-J^V
J 53.5
20 40
50
Ty
le
ng&di NCMT dting TCMT
mgt
ian
mot
ngay
chiim
31,8%,
ddng hai din ba lan mpt
ngay chiim
ty li
cao
nhit
53,5%,
It
hdn
1
lan/ngay
chiim 8,7
%,

BICT nh&ng
van
con tdi 8,3%
ng&di
NCMT van s&dung chung
BKT.
Y
HOC
VIET
NAM
THANG
2 - SO
2/2014
Bleu
ad
4. Tan suat diing BCS khi QHTD vdi GMD trong 12 thang qua
Khong bao gid
Doi khi
Da sd cac lan
Tat ca cac Ian
0.7
LI
2.5
0 20
60
:,:;^
,J
87.9
80 100
Kit

Bang
2. Mot .6
mdi
lien quan tdi hanh vi sir dunq chunq bdm kim
tien'
Dac tinh
Trinh
dp hpc van
Thdi gian nghien
<
Idp 9
>
Idp 9
Tir
2
nam trd len
Dddi 2 nam
Sii dung chung BKT
Co
25 (28,7)
8
(2,6)
31 (10,9)
2(1,7)
Khong
62 (71,3)
305 (97,4)
253 (89,1)
114 (98,3)
OR

trung
hgc.
Phan
tich cijng chi
ra
la cd s&
khac
biet
trong
hanh
vi
s&dung
chung
BKT
cua
nhung
ng&di
NCMTco
thdi
gian nghiin
d&di
2
nam
va
tren
2
nam.
nhii'ng
ng&di
NCMT

Tir liem
y Duong tinh
HAm
tmh
I
Kit
qua
xet nghiim HIV trong
nhdrrTbinh
nhan
NCMT
tham
gia dieu tri
nghien
thay the
Methadone
taicdsdhuyen
TdUemcdtyle
HIV
dddng
tinh la 18 %
va
d
quan
Ha
Bong
cd ty le HIV
dddng
tinh
ii 7,0

W
Y HOC VIET NAM THANG 2 - SO 2/2014
va la nhffng tru cdt cua gia dinh do vay se lam
anh hu'dng nghiem
trpng
den kinh te gia dinh ndi
rieng va kinh te xa hpi ndi chung. Theo mdt so
tac
gia
nghien cffu
d
nffdc ngoai da tong ket thi
cd mdi lien quan rat ro ret giO'a tudi sff dung
TCMT, QHTD va ty !e nhiem HIV, nghia la cang
nhieu khach hang va dac
biet
la nhieu khach
hang la thi cang tang nguy cd bj lay nhiem HIV.
Trong nghien cffu cho thay, cd den 53,5% sd
ngffdi NCMT cd tan suat TCMT tff 2 den 3
lan/ngay, 1 lan/ngay la 31,8%. Ty le cd tan suat
TCMT tren 3 lan/ngay la 6,0%. Day cung chinh la
hanh vi nguy cd lay nhiem HIV. Theo quan sat
cua chung tdi, mac du BKT ludn san cd nhffng do
dac thu cua ngffdi NCMT la thffdng giau diem cac
hanh vi tiem chich va thieu hieu biet ve
tinh
nguy
hiem cua sff dung chung BKT [6].
Trong nghien cffu nay cdn tdi 8,3% ngffdi

cd the lam lay truyen
HIV/STIs
cho khach hang
va ban tinh neu khdng su
dyng
BCS. Mpt sd
nghien cffu trpng va ngoai nffdc cung da chi ra
rang GMD khdng sff dung BCS thffdng xuyen se
cd nguy cd nhiem HIV/STIs cao gap tff 2 den 20
lan nhdm GMD thffdng xuyen sff dung BCS [3].
Ket qua nghien cffu cho thay ty le ngffdi
nghien chfch nhiem HIV la 23%, vdi nhffng ngffdi
nghien chfch nay neu khdng sff dyng BKT sach
va
sff
dung BCS khdng thffdng xuyen la mpt trong
nhfftig
nguy cd tiem an lam lan truyen HIV, dac
biet lam lan truyen HIV tff ddi tffdng nguy cd cao
sang doi
tu'idng
nguy cd thap la vd, con va nhffng
ban tinh cua hp. Theo
ket qua
nghien cffu
ciia
cac
tac gia trong nu'dc thi tudi sff dung
TCMT_tre
va

cffu,
ket qua xet nghiem HIV cd ty le dffdng tfnh la
7,0% d Ha
Eidng
va 18% d Tff
Li^m.
TAI UEU THAM
KHAO
1.
Bp Y te (2013), Bao cao ket qua hoat dong
ptidng
chong HIV/AIDS 6 thang dau va
phffijng
hi/dng
nhiem vy 6 thang cudi nam 2013.
2.
Bo Y te
(2007),
Chydng trinh hanh dpng Quoc
gia can thiep
giam
tac
hai
trong
du"
phong lay
nhiem HIV/AIDS giai doan 2007-2010.
3. Bo Y te (2006), Chffdng trinh giam sat ket
fitff
ha'nh

tai thanh phd Hd
Chi
Minh", Tap chf
Y
hoc
thut
hanh,
sd 182.
6. Trung tam phong chdng HIV/AIDS
Hh N$i
(2013), Bao cao ket qua hoat ddng phong chong
HIV/AIDS 6 thang dau va phu'dng hffdng
nhi^
vu 6 thang
cudi
nam 2013.
7. Thu tu'dng Chinh
phii
(2012), Chien Iffdc quoc
gia
phdng chdng HIV/AIDS d Viet Nam den
n5m
2020 va tam nhin 2030