"E

\

~q
trong thai gian tnioc mat Nha mioc
van nemgiG'c6 phan chi phoi. ThOng
qua vi$c c6 phan hoa, phat hanh
them c6 phieu de thu hut them von
va U'Utien ban c6 phan cho ngl10i
lac dQng. De thl!C hi$n tot dieu nay
can phai quan tri$t mQt tl1 tl1C1ngla
co phan hoa ngan hang thl1ang m

T

kinh te hi$n nay, hO

cua cac NHTM khi tham gia tren th!
trl10ng h6i doai trong va ngoai nl10c
nham dam bao ve nhu cau ngo
ro h$ thong, rui ro gay ra bai yeu to
con ngu'ai, rui ro ngau nhien.
- Rui ro thanh khoan (Liquidity
Risk): Rui ro nay xay ra khi ngan
hang khong th~ thlfC hi$n vi$c mua
ban cua minh do tfnh thanh khoan
kem cua th! tru'ang (thi tru'ang khong
ai mua, ban ho~c cac thanh vien
cua thi tru'ang deu co cung m('>tnhu
cau).
- Rui ro thanh t6an (Settlement
Risk): La kha nang xay ra mat mat
khi doi tac cua ngan hang vi m('>tIy
do nao do khOng chuy~n so tien
theo h
hoi Vi~t Nam, bao g6m:
- Nghi$p vI,! mua ban giao ngay
(Spot Transaction): La giao dich
mua ban m('>tIu'tIOtso tien cho ngu'di
ban vi quyen nay. HtIu't.ty. gia .da
du'tla giao dich
trao d6i ngotdong
tien du' dau tu' nu'ac
ngoai...; (3) Lngtai lai
suat; (5) Slfthay d6i lai suat cua cac
thi tru'angtien t$ khac va xu hu'ang
lai suat toan cau, cac dong tien co
xu hu'ang 00 VaGcac dong tien co
lai suat cao nham hu'angthu nh~p
cao; (6) Sif 6n dinh ve chfnhtrioNeu
mot quac gia co m('>tnen chfnhtr! rat
6n' dinh thi lai suat dong tien cua
quoc'gia nay co xu hu'angthap, vi$c
dau tu'vao dong tien cua cac quoc
gia nay S8co rat ft rui roo
t

(Currency Option): La m('>tSlf thoa
thu~n bang h9P dong trong do ttty gia xac d!n~~i

Tha ba, co m('>tso nhan to khac
cOng co tac d('>ng tai rui ro trong
KDNT nhu': (1) LOtso dong tien co Slf bien
d('>ngve ti.gia rat Ian trong khi m('>t
so dong tien khac lngft hdn; (2) Thai gian ma TTNT,


hc;JpIy doi voi tUng ngan hang va
cac giao d!ch vien (GDV). Vi$c nay
nham quan Iy cac rui ro co the xay
ra trong hoC;!tde;'>ngkinh doanh.

HC;!n

con nam trong gioi hC;!ncho phep.
Ba la: Sil' dl,jng me;'>tso cang cl,j cac nghi$p vl,j KDNT de QLRR. Vi$c
phong ngCta rui ro (Hedging) co the
dung cac nghi$p vl,j s~n co tren thi
trLfong. Vi dl,j nhLf phong ngCta rui ro
cua giao dich ky hC;!nbang me;'>tgiao

dich Swap, dung giao dich quyen
ch9n de hC;!nche rui roo Hi$n nay
cac nghi$p vl,j KDNT dadLfc;Jccac
NHTMap dl,jngrat linh hoC;!tvoi ml,jc
dich phOng ngCta rui ro cho ngan
hang.

muc cho cac GDV phl,j thue;'>cvao
kinh
nghi$m cua tLtngGDV, muc de;'>
Bon la: Quan Iy TTNT co hi$u
- Nang cao trang thiet b! ky thu~t
rui
ro
ma
ngan

lan/ngay
de
phong
ngCta cac bien
muc
doivoi
cac
GDV
bao
gem:
(1)
cho ngLfoiquan Iy co day du cac
de;'>ngcua ti gia.
HC;!nmuc
giao
dich
trong
ngay
thong tin chinh xac ve rui ro trong
Nam la: Tang cLfong kha nang
hoC;!tde;'>ngcua minh. Trong KDNT (Intraday Limit);(2) HC;!nmuc trC;!ng
thai
qua
dem
(Overnight
Limit),hC;!n
dl!
doan ti gia va da dC;!nghoa cac
cac ngan hang nLfocngoai da dung
cac phan mem quan Iy KDNT nhLf muc nay luan nho hC1nhC;!nmuc

cac
hC;!n
muc
da
dLfc;JC
.
nge;'> hc;Jp Iy.
,
Stw .let Ngoaicac bi$n phap
d~t ra thi cac GDV can phai tuan thu
QLRR
ma cae NHTM can phaidC;!t
Vi$c dao tc;!ocan be;'>
KDNTco
Cac giai phap tong the'.'

:

chuyen mon sau sa gop phan Ian
vao vi$c thanh bC;!itrong KDNT. Vi$c
dao tc;!ocan be;'>KDNT can dap ung
dLfc;JC
yeu cau ve trinh de;'>nghi$p vl,j

nghiem tuc cac qui d!nh nay.

dLfc;JC,rat can sl! tac de;'>ng h6 trq tU

Hai la: Qui dinh cac thu tl,jC ne;'>i phia Ngan hang Nha nLfaCtrong
vi$c phc'lt trien thi trLfong ngoC;!i.J$

qui dinh gan lien voi muc lc;Jinhu~n
TtW em NCAAIIANC - s6 3 NAM'2004

lienng?n
h~ng, hO,an thi$n 9rinh
sach quanIy lTNT, ",tc;!o
dieu kt$nde
hoan thi$n v~ mo re;'>l1gcap nghi~p'
vu KDNT, hinh than~'ca6,c6ng.
ty
rr;6i'giai ngo'~i hoi, hLJ'6~gi;thrtr.Lfong'
ngoC;!ihoi Vi$t Nam hoa r:\h?p\!ofth,e

Office, cac qui dinh ve giO giac giao
giaj;o
","
';ii;
-:".'}'-'"'
.'..
dich, ve cac chi d~n thanh toan, vi$c
HO'iltde;'>ngKDNT.neHdLrgc quap
xac minh va kiem toan nQi bQ - vi$c -'".
Iy me;'>tcach~hoar.9c'
sa manfjl~t I.~i
xac minh nay trong h$ thong QLRR
nhu~ri,lan, dong.,gopvao"ttcach de;'>c

I~p so voi Phong KDNT,kiem~~.i~
dam bao rang m9i trC;!ngthai

~

nhu~n chungct"ioyacNHTM..Hy
v9ng rang trori'91xuhLfangjh9rph~p!.
cac NHTM Vi$t ..Nam\se,co~mQt
bLfOCtien moi tron.g hoat~dong
KDNT, gop phan dLfa:hb'ilt de;'>rig~.ay
thanh me;'>ttrong nhCi'ng hO'ilt de;'>ng
quan
tr9ng
mang
I'ili lc;Ji nhu~n

chung cho nganh Ngan hang..
33