PGS. TS. NGUYEN D L T C L O
ThS. NGUYEN TH! HAI YEN

T3R RQCr^RQ

cane TQ ran
IT VIET NAM XITA VA NAY
(HOI • DAP)

3.39
Ma so:

CTQG -2013

NHA XUAT B A N CHINH TRj QUOC GIA - SI/THAT
Hd No!-2013


L d l N H A X U A T BAN

T i n ngUdng

t h d c u n g to t i e n la m o t p h o n g

tue

truyen

t h o n g , CO v i t r f h e t stie dae b i e t t r o n g dcii s o n g t i n h t h a n eua
d a n toe V i e t N a m , la m o t t r o n g eae t h a n h to tao n e n b a n



to tien

TS. N g u y e n

d

Dxic

LQ v a T h S . N g u y e n T h i H a i Y e n .
Cuo'n sach dUde t r i n h b a y diJcii d a n g h o i - d a p , c u n g cap
5


nhuing kien thu'c cd ban ve t i n ngUdng thd cung to tien, i\i
viec giai nghia cac khai niem cd ban n h u thd, cung, khan,
v a i . . . den viec di sau phan tich y nghia, each thiic tien hanh
cac nghi thiic thd ciing to tien, gop phan duy t r i va phat t r i e n
t r u y e n thong "Uo'ng nxidc nhd nguon", t i n h co ket cong dong
ngiidi Viet.

L 6 I M6 D A U

X i n t r a n trong gicii thieu cuo'n sach cting ban doc.
Thdng3 nam

2013

N H A X U A T B A N C H I N H T R I QUOC G I A - STJ T H A T


q u a n ben o n g ba. cha me, con c h a u . don ddi m o t

nam

trong

gia

m 6 i a n l a n h va t h i n h vvfdng. K h o n g k h i dau

dinh, t h i t i n n g i i d n g t h d e u n g to t i e n da difde n a n g

len

ap v d i b i e t bao Idi c h i i c t o t dep d a u n a m da tCfng n u o i

de c a o
dao

gia d i n h , g i a toe,

l y l a m n g i X d i v a coi

m o t t a m cao

g i d i l a t r u cot

xuan

diJdng va n h e n n h o m n h i i n g b y v o n g cho bao


vA

t i f n g gia d i n h . l a n g x o m va ca d a n toe.
C u o n sach n h o q u a h i n h t h i l c h o i d a p nay,

GIAO, TIN
ME TIN DI

I
NGl/ClNG
DOAN

dufdc

c h u n g t o i sUu t a m va h i e n soan n h ^ m c u n g cap k i e n
t h i i c cd b a n ve t h d c u n g t o t i e n d V i e t N a m , n h i i n g c h i
gidi h a n c h i i y e u t r d n g q u a n he h u y e t t h o n g cua d a n toe
K i n h . M a t k h a c , c u o n sach dUdc t r i n h b a y d\ia

theo

p h o n g t u c . t a p q u a n t r u y e n t h o n g , cho d i i n g a y n a y da
t h a y doi k h a n h i e u . V 6 i k i e n t h i i e con h a n hep, c u o n
sach chac c h a n k h o t r a n h k h o i t h i e u sot. C h u n g t o i r a t
m o n g b a n doc l U d n g t h i i v a d o n g gop y k i e n de I a n x u a t
b a n sau c u o n sach diJdc h o a n t h i e n h d n .

C a u 1: Ton gido
Tra


v o n g ciia con

h o a n g dUdng, hiJ ao h i e n thiJc k h a c h q u a n . Dieu n a y

nghia

dUdc Ph.Angghen n e u : " N h i i n g

v a o l u c l U d n g s i e u n h i e n , la m o t bo p h a n c a u t h a n h

t a t ca

moi ton

giao

c h i i n g qua c h i la stf p h a n a n h h u ao - vao t r o n g dau

6c

m o t c h i i t h u y e t . m o t liJc l U d n g nao

hep,

ngUdi vao lUc l U d n g s i e u n h i e n .

tin
Theo



g i a n dUdc m o i n g U d i

c h a p n h a n . T h a m c h i cd n g U d i p h i i n h a n t i n n g U d n g
dan g i a n v a goi c h u n g l a t o n g i a o h a y dao. C h i i n g t o i

T r a lofi:
T i n ngUdng la n i e m t i n va sU n g i f d n g mo cua

con

cho

r a n g , t i n n g i i d n g dan

g i a n la m o t l o a i h i n h t i n

n g i f d n g do n h a n dan s a n g t a o ra, da m a n h n h a d i n h
h i n h cd cau v a dUdc t r a i n g h i e m q u a l i c h s i i , p h a n a n h
1. H o a n g Phe ( C h u bien): Tii dien tieng

Viet,

N x b . Da N i n g -

T r u n g t a r n T i f dien hoc, H a N o i - Da N f t n g , 2009, t r . l 2 5 3 .
2. PCS. TS. N g u y e n Dilc La ( C h u bien): Ly luan
vd chinh
tr.lO.


T r a Wv.
T o n giao k h a c t i n n g U d n g ci cho, t o n g i a o c6 giao l y
v d i he t h o n g nhCing q u a n d i e m ve t h e g i d i q u a n , n h a n

Cau
ton

7:

Tha

cung

to tien

Id tin

ngitdng

hay

gido?

s i n h q u a n va n h f l n g t i n d i e u p h a n a n h n i e m t i n ay, c6

T r a lofi:

g i a o l u a t v d i n h i J n g d i e u c a m k y , r a n d a y , c6 g i a o le

T h d c u n g to t i e n l a t i n n g U d n g h a y t o n g i a o , d a n g


nha

r i n g : " S u t h d c i i n g to t i e n l a m o t h i n h t h i i c t o n g i a o ,

Wi:

T i n ngUdng va t o n giao l a n h U n g h i e n t U d n g x a h o i

ngitdng

hieu

N x b . Chi'nh t r i

1. Ngo Diic T h i n h ( C h u bien): Tin ngUdng
ngUdng d Viet Nam,

2. X.A. Tocarev: Cdc hinh
trien ciia chung,

vd van hoa

tin

N x b . K h o a hoc xa h o i , H a N o i , 2 0 0 1 , t r . 4 9 .
thiCc ton gido

sO khai


dUa tren

ca sd tU

tudng gi?
t o tien d a p ling n h u c a u t a r n l i n h d a n d a

m a s a u sSc, l i n h dong m a quy c i i , ddn gian m a b e n
viing. K h a c v d i ton giao hien c6, t i n ngUdng nay khdng
CO giao ly cao sieu, khong c6 t o chiic chat che, khong c6
giao luat nghiem ngat, khong c6 t h a n h diidng nguy
nga, ciing khong c6 giao s i , giao c h u d a y quyen u y ,
khong h i i a h e n g i ve thien difdng m a ciing khong trifng
phat a i d d i a nguc. T o tien c h i nhac nhd, dong vien, q u a

T r a lofi:
N g h i t h i i c thd ciing to t i e n t h e h i e n t r o n g t a n g m a ,
le t e t , t r o n g i i n g x i i g i i i a con n g i i d i v a con n g i i d i d t r o n g
gia d i n h , h o toe, x a h o i diJa v a o m o t so cd sd s a u :
Mot

Id, q u a n n i e m t r u y e n t h o n g c u a n g i i d i V i e t ve

" s i i t i i n h i i s i i s i n h , sU v o n g n h i i s i i t o n " .
Hal

Id, t i i t i i d n g h i e u de t r o n g K h o n g giao, n h a t l a

dila vao " T h o m a i gia l i " .
Ba Id, dac d i e m c u a t i n n g i i d n g d a n g i a n V i e t N a m .


T r o n g " T h o m a i g i a l i " c6 t r i c h d i n m o t p h a n cua

t h d Cling t o t i e n v 6 i t h d P h a t m a a i do phe p h a n . T r o n g

" H o T h U d n g t h u g i a l i " . H o T h U d n g t h u ti3c H o

t h d Cling t o t i e n c6 nghi t h i i c ciing ngay soc vong, ciing

D U d n g ( 1 6 2 1 - 1681) c u n g n g i f d i l a n g H o a n H a u ( n a y l a

49 n g a y , l i V u L a n d e u c6 goc til P h a t giao. T o n giao

Q u y n h D o i ) , do t i e n si n a m

t r u y e n t h o n g , t i n n g i f d n g d a n g i a n d V i e t N a m von c6

K h a n h D i i c ) , l a m q u a n d e n c h i i c T h i i d n g t h u Bo H i n h ,

t i n h d a n x e n , hoa d o n g n e n t r o n g t h d c i i n g t o t i e n k h o

tvfcfc D u e Q u a n c6ng\

l o n g m a t a c h b a c h r o r a n g v 6 i cac l o a i h i n h t i n ngUdng,
t o n giao k h a c difdc.
C a u 10: "Thg

C a u 12: Me tin di doan

1652


diia vao n h f l n g q u y d i n h cua "Tho m a i gia le". " T h o

do t i n n h a m

n h i ma c6"l

K h o n g t h e c a n cijf d l a p

mai

g i a l i " l a g i a le nUcic t a , c6 d i i a t h e o C h u C o n g

t r i i d n g , q u a n d i e m t r i e t hoc hoac n i e m t i n r i e n g c u a

g i a 16 t i i c g i a l l t h d i x i f a c i i a T r u n g Q u o c , n h i J n g

tijfng n g U d i de xac d i n h l a m e t i n d i d o a n m a p h a i c a n

k h o n g r a p k h u o n m a y moc t h e o k h u o n m a u c u a

ho.

c i i v a o t r i n h do v a I d i i c h x a h o i , l a y do l a m m a t b a n g

D i i cho g i a l i d i i d c b i e n s o a n t i f t r i e u L e d e n n a y c6

x a h o i de xac d i n h : " N h Q n g g i t r a i v 6 i I d i i c h c t i a x a

n h i e u cho da 16i t h d i , n h U n g k h i da t r d t h a n h l u a t


Dieu 247, Bo luat hinh si/ nam 1999. siia doi, bd
sung nam 2009 quy dinh ve toi hanh nghe me t i n , di
doan n h i i sau:
1. NgiJdi nao dung boi toan, dong bong hoac cac h i n h
thiic me t i n , d i doan khac gay hau qua nghiem trong
hoac da bi x i i phat hanh chinh ve hanh vi nay hoac da
bi ket an ve toi nay, chaa dUdc xoa an tich ma con v i
pham, t h i h i phat tien tii nam t r i e u dong den nam mifdi
trieu dong, cai tao khong giam giC( den ba nam hoac
phat t u tii sau thang den ba nam.
Ngay 12-7-2010, C h i n h p h u c6 ban h a n h N g h i d i n h
so 75/2010/ND-CP "Quy d i n h xui phat v i pham h a n h
chinh t r o n g hoat dong van hoa", t r o n g do ci Dieu 18
quy d i n h :
1. Phat canh cao hoac phat tien t i i 500.000 dong den
1.000.000 dong doi vdi mot trong cac hanh v i sau:
...c) Dot do md tai ncfi to chiic le hoi, di tich lich sit van hod, ncfi cong cgng khdc.
2. Phat tien tijf 1.000.000 dong den 3.000.000 dong
do'i vcti mot trong cac hanh v i sau:
a) To chitc hoat dong len dong, xem boi, ggi hon,

xin

nghia V i e t N a m khoa X, k y hop t h i i sau thong qua

xdm, xdc the, yem biia, phu chu, truyen bd sdm trg,ng ud

ngay 21-12-1999, b D i e u 247 c6 quy d i n h ve t o i h a n h


T H d CUNG TO TIEN TRONG GIA DINH,
HO TOG

N h u vay, Dang va Nha nu6c ta da c6 khong i t
nhijfng van ban de cap den viec bai triT te me t i n di
doan. Song, n h i i n g hien tUdng nay gan day khong thay
suy giam, ma ngUdc l a i c6 ndi, c6 luc l a i phat t r i e n v6i

I - M O T SO K H A I N I E M V A D 6 I
CUA

n h i i n g hien the phtic tap va gay nen n h i i n g hau qua
tieu cUc cho xa hoi. Dieu do da lam van due bau khong
k h i van hoa t a m l i n h ciia ca dan toe.

Tl/ONG

THC) C U N G TO T I E N

C a u 15: Thd la gi?
T r a lofi:
"Thd" la hanh vi mang t i n h van hoa, bao

ham

nhiing hanh dong cua eon ngUdi nham the hien sii sung
k i n h , ton v i n h mot dang sieu nhien nhU: t h a n , t h a n h ,
tien, Phat...; dong thdi eiing eo nghia la each ling xtt v6i
be t r e n cho phai dao lam ngiidi n h i i : thd cha me, ong
ba, eu ky, to tong hay mot ngiidi ma ban t h a n va dan

tien khong c6 "hon thieng", khong c6 sufc hap

d a n noi t a i va de t h a n h nhat nheo, v6 v i va hi mai mot
d i n . Su "ciing", tuy chi la h i n h thiic bieu d a t , song n o
ton ve l i n h thieng, huyen hi, md ao, tao nen siic hap
din.

Hanh v i ay

nham thoa man

chinh
niem

la hUdng v i , mau s^c, keo
t i n ton gido va

dap

dinh

nhu c i u

ling

cua chii the thd ciing.

Cau 18: Khan Id gi?
T r a Idi:
Trong sinh boat t i n ngiTdng, tdn giad bao gid ciing


1,
tr.

24

2.

1184,

Hoang
291.

Phe

( C h i i bien):

TO

dien

tieng

Viet,

Sdd,

Trong Truyen

Kiiu,


" L a y " la hanh vi bay to sU ton ki'nh chan thanh

he huyet thong triic tiep vdi n h i i n g ngxibi con song xet

do'i vdi ngiidi tren hay ngiidi da qua c6 vao bac tren

ve mat sinh hoc ma con la n h i i n g ngiidi c6 cong vdi cong

cua minh. Co hai the lay: the lay cua dan ong va the
lay cua dan ba. Co bo'n triJdng hdp lay: 2 lay, 3 lay, 4
lay, va 5 lay.
M o i trUdng hdp deu c6 mang y nghia khac nhau.
C a u 21: Ai Id doi titcfng dUOc tha cung trong tin

ngudng tha cung totien?

dong va coi nguon dan toe, sang lap quoc gia.

C a u 22: Nhiing
tha cung?

ai cung

huyet thong

ditgc

T r a Idi:
Do'i tiidng thd cung eiang huyet thong ciing khong


ve do, trong bai v i , thiJc sii cU ngu t r o n g do mot each

C a u 23: Cao, tang, to, khao Id the ndo?
T r a lofi:

nhiem m a u ' " .
I I - THC) C U N G TO T I E N TRONG G I A D I N H

Bon the he (nam gicti) da qua ddi trong mot gia dinh,
do la ky (cao), cu (tSng), ong noi (to) va cha de (khao).
Con cao, tang, to, ty la bon the he (n\i gi6i) da qua
ddi trong mot gia d i n h , do la ky ba (cao), cu ba (tang),
ba noi (to) va me de (ty).

ai?

T r a Wv.
To tien la t i i chi chung nhiing bac ky, cu, ong ba, bo'
me... trong dong ho da qua ddi.

Day la nhutng tii difdc dung pho bien trong viee thd
cung gia tien cua ngiidi Viet va ngUdi T r u n g Quoc.
C a u 24: Thuy told

C a u 25: To tien trong gia dinh Id nhUng

ai?

Cao (ky), tang (cu), to (ong), khao (ho) la nhiing t i i

Nxb. T h u a n Hoa,

Hue, 2000, tr. 169.

29


t r u y e n t h i i a t h e o d o n g cha v a liu t i e n d o n g d i c h ( c h i n h

m o t b a i v i q u a bac t h i i n a m {cao

t h a t , t r i i d n g n a m con c h i n h t h a t ) .

d e m cat d i , ngUdi t a n o i "ngu

Cao. t a n g , to, t y : B o n the' he (niJ gidi) da q u a d d i

dai

to) t h i t h a n c h u dUdc
mai

than

n g h i a la: d u n a m ddi roi t h i chon t h a n chu. V i to t i e n xa

t r o n g m o t gia d i n h , do l a k y ba (cao), cu ba (tSng), ba

h d n n a m d d i do da hoa vao cac bac t i e n to n o i


mdu,

mat

ty); t r e n cha me c6 o n g ba {to phu

ba CO c u {tdng

to phu

mdu);

roi

thi ggi

Id

t r e n ong

mdu);

t r e n cu l a k y {cao

to

phu

con t r e n n i i a t h i goi c h u n g l a cao cao to, m a i d e n
to l a khcii t o . Con t i n h t r U c i n g n a m (dUdng

dqi mai

than

chu"

Id

thendo?

d a n d e n n d i do l a p l a n g , d i i n g a p , p h a t t r i e n c o n g
d o n g t a i v u n g d a t m d i k h a i p h a ; c6 t h e l a n h i i n g v i
hanh

do

dat,

lam

quan

tan tuy, khang

khai

thanh liem...

hap


do

d i c i i d e n m o t v u n g d a t mcti, k h a i s d n p h a t h a c h , d i i a

tritdng
C a u 2 6 : "Ngu

trong

t r o n g s i i p h a t t r i e n d o n g h o c i i n g n h u c6 c o n g l a o do'i

C a u 2 7 : Tha ciing

c h i n t h e he.

ehu)

to), t e n t u o i k h o n g con h i e n d i e n m o t each cu

t h e n d i d i e n t h d nijta m a c h i c6 t h e t i m t h a y t e n t r o n g

hoc

to d e n

ton).

cao

chung


Thanh

r ' cf •

mong 5 t h a n g 5 am lich la ngay an

boa q u a , g i e t sau bo, a n r U d u nep, h a i la p h d i k h o u o n g
phong dich benh...
Tet Trung

nguyen

rkm t h a n g b a y l a m l i V u L a n bao

h i e u cha me, la n g a y xa t o i v o n g n h a n , c u n g te c6 h o n .
L l V u L a n c6 n g u o n goc t t f n h a P h a t .

tit nao trong nam c6 lien

Tet Trung

quan

thu n g a y rkm

t h a n g 8 l a t e t cua t r e n h o :

t r o n g t r a n g , p h a co, rudc den, m u a s q t\i...


n h i i n g le t i e t n h u s a u :
L 6 n n h a t l a Tet Nguyen

dan,

con goi l a t e t Ca,

don

m o n g 10 t h a n g 10 p h o b i e n d n h i i n g

t a n , le c u n g C d m m 6 i .

t r o n g c g n g d o n g . Tac

Ke

thap

gia d i n h l a m n g h e y. N g a y n a y con l a n g a y l l T h U d n g

t r i n h bao

Phan

m o n g 9 t h a n g 9 thUcing t h i i c r U d u

cue, t h U d n g l a l l cua g i 6 i n h a N h o v a n n h a n .

V i e t C O n h i e u l i t e t diidc t i e n h a n h t r o n g g i a d i n h v a

la

Tet a m l i c h theo t r u y e n t h o n g T r u n g Quoc, goi la Tet

n g a y t r a n g t r o n d a u t i e n t r o n g n a m , thUdng diidc t i e n

Nguyen

h a n h d c h u a P h a t v a t r o n g gia d i n h .

Ngu

M o n g 3 t h a n g 3 a m l i c h l a Tet Han
tet an d o n g u o i .
32

thUc,

nghia la

dan. Nguon

De,

Tarn

goc

Vudng.




tring,

lay t h a n g siiu (con

t r a u ) , t h a n g chap lam

t h a n g dku nam. Den nha Chu (1050 - 256 trxidc Cong
nguyen), xia skc do, chon t h a n g t y (con chuot), t h a n g
mUdi mot l a m t h a n g tet.
Cac vua chiia noi tren, theo ngay gid, luc m6i tao
thien lap dia: nghia la gid t y t h i c6 t r d i , gid siiu t h i c6
dat, gid dan sinh loai ngUdi ma dat ra ngay tet khac
nhau. Den ddi Dong Chu, Khong Phu T\i ra ddi, sau do
doi ngay tet vao mot thang nhat d i n h : thang dan.

C a u 30: Tet Tat nien la gi?
T r a 16?i:
Tat n i e n la i\i Han - Vict, c6 nghia la het nam. Tet
Tat nien l a 23 Tet. Ngiidi xUa cho r^ng, ngay 23 thang
chap, Tao quan len chau Ngoc Hoang bao cao cong viec
trong n a m ; cong chiic trong cac phii. huyen tam gac
nghien b u t de nghi Tet, v i vay, ngay 23 thang chap am
lich dUdc coi la ngay Tat nien (cung c6 ngiidi cho Tet 30
thang chap m6i la tet Tat nien).

M a i den ddi T^n (the ky I I I trU6c Cong nguyen),
Tin


thang tet lifla.

goi la tet Ca. No md d a u cho mot chu k y thdi gian 12

D e n ddi L o n g PhiJdng S6c, ong cho rSng ngay tao
t h i e n lap dia c6 t h e m giong ga, ngay t h i l h a i c6 them

thang, bon mua: xuan, h a , t h u , dong. Tet nay la tet Idn
hdn ca v i la tet md d a u cho mot nam.

cho, ngay t h i l ba c6 Idn, ngay t h i i t i i sinh de, ngay

Tet Nguyen dan la dip trong nam c6 sU sum hop day

t h i i n a m s i n h t r a u , ngay thvi sau sinh ngUa, ngay

du moi t h a n h vien trong gia dinh. Con chau dii di lam

t h i i bay s i n h loai ngUdi va ngay t h i i t a m m6i sinh ra

an xa cung co g^ng t h u xep ve nha cung gia dinh don

ngu co'c.

xuan m6i. To tien cung difdc t r a n trong mdi ve v u i

V i the, ngay Tet thUdng difdc ke tvf ngay mong mot
cho den het ngay mong hay\

Chung v6i chau con. Cac v i than phii ho cho gia dinh


phut giao thijfa la luc ban giao, cac quan quan quan

viec thien ac trong dan gian.

ha gidi het han keo ve t r d i va quan quan mdi dUdc c\i

Ngay 30 t h a n g chap la ngay Tr\i tich (chii H a n ,

i\i t r d i ao at keo xuong ha gidi tiep quan t h i e n ha v6i

TrCr tich nghia la: chieu hom tru: het nam cu ma sang

t r a n g t h a i tap nap, voi va ( n h u n g mat t r ^ n t a k h o n g

nam m6i) la liic ngUdi ta dem t r a u cau di t h i n h tao

n h i n thay dUdc).

tien phan (tiic la don dep phan mo to tien va t h i n h mdi

V i vay. cac gia dinh diia xoi ga, banh chUng, hoa

cac vi ve an tet). Sau do m6i ve nha ciing giao t h i i a

tiidi. qua chin, toan do an nguoi ra ngoai trdi cung vdi

( t i i n nam cu don nam m6i). Dem giao ihxXa mam c6

long t h a n h tien dula ngUdi nha t r d i da cai quan m i n h

khan

ngoai

trdi

dim

thita?

T r a Wv.
D a n toe nao cung coi p h u t giao thvfa la t h i e n g
lieng. Dan ta xiia k i a quan n i e m : moi nam T h i e n
d i n h l a i t h a y toan bo quan quan t r o n g nom cong viec

nha ma bay cung d ngoai san (hay gac thiidng) la do c6
sU "ban giao" qua gap gap, voi va giuta quan quan nha
trdi cii va mdi. ThUc te, c6 gia d i n h van cung le ngay
trong nha.
C a u 33: Ngitdi chet vao ngay 30 hay mung
Tit Nguyin

dan phdi lam

mot

thi'nao?

m:



cho quang, dat khuyet t h i dSp cho day..., sau do ve nha

dan lang ma chifa lam l i nay t h i khong ai diidc dpng

lam CO cung gia tien.

cuo'c xeng vao dat.
C a u 35: Tqi sao co cdu
khong hang ngay ram thdng

C a u 37: Tqi sao co Tet Hdn
"Le Phat

quanh

nam

gieng"?

thuc?

T r a Idi:
Theo phong tuc co t r u y e n , ngay mong 3 t h a n g 3

T r a Ic^i:

tlic Tet H a n thiic, ngifdi ta t h i i d n g l a m banh chay,

Tet r a m thang gieng hay con goi la Tet ThUdng

Nguyen

d a n . V i vay,

vao

cac

cu

t h U d n g n o i " m o n g 5 n g a y t e t " , hoc t r o t e t t h a y , con r e
t e t bo' me vd..., q u a n h n a m c u n g c h i t a p t r u n g vao h a i
le t e t do.

Tet

T r u n g nguyen,

t i i c l a n g a y ram

t h a n g 7, c6

n g u o n goc tu: K i n h V u L a n B o n k e c h u y e n M u c

Kien

L i e n c i i u me, v 6 i n o i d u n g n h U sau:
M u c K i e n L i e n l a de t\l g i o i cua Dt(c P h a t .

Ngai


t a i c u n g c h q n n g a y n a y m a x a u . N g U d i 16n t h i g i e t s a u

n g a y r a m t h a n g 7 l a n g a y T u t i i ( n g a y n g h i ngdi s a u

bo b a n g each uo'ng r i i d u (hoa i t t a m t h a n ddn) hdac a n

d i p a n cU k i e t h a ba t h a n g he c u a t a n g doan), o n g da

r U d u nep. V i la d o a n ngo n e n le c u n g gia t i e n p h a i c u n g

c a u x i n c h u t a n g . Silc m a n h c h u n g u y e n c u a c h i i t a n g

vao g i d ngo ( b u o i t r U a ) . T u c h a i t h u o c m o n g n a m c i i n g

da c a m hoa dUdc v o n g l i n h ba T h a n h De. B a t i n h ngo,

b a t d a u t\X g i d ngo, do l a gid c6 d i i d n g k h i t o t n h a t t r o n g

t a m t h a n h h u 6 n g t h i e n , n e n da t h o a t k h o i h i n h p h a t

ca n a m , l a cay c6 t h u h a i dUdc t r o n g g i d do c6 tac d u n g

q u y d o i . C i i a n g u c mci, b a T h a n h D e c u n g v 6 i cac t o i

chijia b e n h r a t t o t , n h a t l a cac chufng n g o a i c a m ,

p h a m k h a c diidc g i a i t h o a t .

cac

t r e , l a biicii, c a m , c h a n h , q u y t , m i t , m u o m , h a n h , t o i ,

t h U d n g t i n r ^ n g horn ay c i i n g l a n g a y x a t o i

gifng, che, 6i, t r a u k h o n g , sai d a t , song ddi, bo

nhan, nghia la ngay ma mqi l i n h h o n da6i am p h i i deu

a n h , sen, v o n g , lac t i e n , n h q noi...
40

cong

dUdc x a t q i . D a n t a n o i : " T h a n g b a y n g a y ram

vong
xa t q i
41


vong n h a n " nen cut t6i ngay ay ngutdi ta deu lam co ban
cung cho ngUdi t h a n da k h u a t , roi lai bay chao, khoai
lang, bong ngo... d cac nga ba, nga t u dUdng de

cac

l i n h hon c6 ddn, cd nhd, nhiJng ma doi dUdc cung
hildng. Phong tuc day long txX hi cua nha Phat nay da
C O tu: k h i ngUdi Viet biet den Phat giao va ton t a i mai
cho den ngay nay.


t h i i d n g difdc dat t a i v i t r i t r u n g tarn, t r a n g t r o n g
n h a t t r o n g ngoi nha. O v i i n g que, ban t h d gia t i e n
bad gid cung dudc dat d gian g i i i a cua nha t r e n . D i e u

Ngiidi ta thifdng noi: "Trdn sao dm udy". L i n h hon cung
C O n h i i n g n h u cku n h i i ngiidi ndi diidng the. O n\i6c ta,
ta thdi H u n g Viidng da c6 tuc chia t a i san cho ngUdi
chet mang theo dxidi dang do vat thUc hoac do vat
tUdng trifng (do t u y tang) ma cac nha khao c6 hoc da

do the h i e n long t h a n h ki'nh cua h a u the do'i v6i cong

t i m thay r a t nhieu trong cac di chi k h a i quat trong

dn s i n h t h a n h , difdng due cua cac bac t i e n n h a n . T u y

quan t a i , mo tang... Nha mo ciia dong bao

n h i e n , hien nay d t h a n h pho', do t h i c6 the bo' t r i ban

Nguyen ciing tiidng tU. Tuc dot vang ma dien ra cl

thd b t r e n t a n g cao n h a t , c6 gia d i n h v i qua chat

nhieu trifdng hdp, nhU dong tho nha, dong mo, dong

hep, k h o n g the c6 mot ban t h d n h u y dudc danh p h a i

ma, cat tien duyen,... nhUng pho bien nhat van la sau

T r a lofi:

t h i e n g , la diem tUa t i n h t h a n de ong ba, to t i e n dong

Phan Ke B i n h da viet ve vang ma xiia trong tang le:

vien, v6 ve an u i cho con chau Mc gap may cung nhU

trong khoang tieu, dai tUdng (tieu tUdng la k y gio dau,

k h i van ban.

dai tiXdng la ky gio het) c6 hai ky dot ma. Ky ma dau goi

42

43


la md bieu, ky ma sau mdi thiJc la md dang cho ngiicfi

th^p hUdng da gay ra bao vu hoa hoan d cac nha dan,

mat dung. Tuc nay l a i hay dot ve t u a n T r u n g nguyen

cxia hang, chd biia... lam 6 nhiem moi triidng, mat my

thang 7, cung nhieu nha dot ve ngay gio d^u va ngay

quan ndi cong cong ma tuc le nay con bien hang t r a m t i


dieu

gi can

chu y khi

dot

vangmd?
T r a Wv.

toe. Co nha sii cho rSng, nguon goc cua tue le dot vang

Trii6c kia va mot so gia dinh hien nay moi k h i c6 dip

ma mang y nghia nhan van sau sSc va neu de cho t a m

n h i i gio ong ba, cha me, tet ong tao, rSm thang 7...,

m i n h t h a n h t h a n , an v u i t h i do cung la viec c6 the

ngifdi ta l a i dot vang ma cho gia tien va tho cong. Vang

lam. NhUng dang c6 siJ t h a i qua t r o n g hanh v i dot

ma mua ve sau k h i cung xong gia chu dem dot n h i i n g

vang ma k h i e n cho h a n h v i van hoa l a i trci t h a n h p h i


nhu c^u cua con ngiidi d ca hai the gi6i: dUdng the va

sai. V i neu mua va k h i dot k h o n g nhe tay can t h a n

am phii.

nia bi rach t h i g\l\g cho ong ba to t i e n khong

N h i i n g dvfng tiiSng vang ma lam bang giay ma
khong ton kem tien cua. Khong ke viec dot vang ma,
44

dung dUdc niia va neu k h a n sai to t i e n k h o n g the tiep
'^han diidc.
45


Ba Id, triidc k h i dot vang ma, ngiidi ta chia ra tifng

Hoa thUdng K i m Cudng T\i da tvtng phe phan: " A i noi

CO, moi v i mot c6 sao cho deu nhau va dung doi taong.

thuyet vang ma la cua dao Phat la sai. Nen biet trong

Neu t h i e u se gap dieu bat ldi cho gia chii va con chau

k i n h Nhat Tung con c6 cau: "Dot vang ma giet hai chiing

sau nay.


ba't hdp phap; t h a m gia cac to chile do ton giao lap ra

nhieu ngUdi c6 quan niem nhif vay, nhung thUc ra tuc

chUa dUdc cap c6 t h a m quyen cho phep. L d i dung t i n

dot vang ma hoan toan khong xuat phat tijf dao Phat.

ngiidng de true ldi"\

1. Nguyen Q u a n g K h a i : Phong tuc tap qudn cua ngUdi Viet Tap

tuc vd kieng ky, Nxb. L a o dong - X a hoi, H a Noi, 2006,

tr.l74.

46

1

1. D a n g Cong s a n V i e t N a m : Quy dinh vi nhUng dieu

dang

Mn khong dMc lam, Sdd, t r . l 2 .

47



gia

dieu gi cam ky_ d ban

thd

phat t i i quan niem cua ngUdi ddi xiJa. V i con cho la

tien?

loai vat an n h i i n g do ue tap, hien nay d v i i n g que

T r a Idi:

nhieu ndi van lam c6 t h i t cho, n h i i n g dat len ban t h d

NgUdi xUa kieng n h i n thang vao ban thd, nen mot so'

t h i khong the ma phai thay bang t h i t ga hay t h u Idn.

gia dinh tren ban thd gia tien c6 y mon de che phia

Con kieng t h i t meo, v i day la loai vat gSn v6i eon

trifdc, kieng ke giiidng ngu gian gii3a doi dien v6i ban

ngiidi va la ban cua nha nong k h i diet chuot. V i vay,

thd, kieng khong de n h i i n g do gia dung, non mu, quan



nhUng CO mot so' kieng ky nhif: khong eiing t h i t cho,

Quoc mang diidc ngo, ke va khoai lang bang each giSi'u

t h i t meo, do den, eua, oc, bun... Gao de eiing eiing phai

vao "ch6 k i n " ngo va ke, con day khoai lang t h i v i quan

la gao thdm ngon, khong ciing ngo, ke va khoai lang.
Co ban ciing kieng khong de phu n i i "khong sach"
48

quan quanh m i n h lam that liing.
49


Nhflng t h i i tren bi coi la khong t i n h khiet, nen
khong diidc phep thd ciing to tien.
C a u 49: Tqi sao tren ban thd gia tien

den hom nay ban thd vong l a i kha pho bien. V i chuyen
thudng

bai tri nhvCng do thd la so chdn ma cam hilOng Id
sole'?

di dich cif theo ke hoach va t u do; k h i c6 sU xao tron
dan c\i ra t h a n h pho', vao Nam ra B i c t i m ke sinh nhai,
k h i C O sU dieu dong can bo, cong nhan, vien chtlc di

bat ctf giau ngheo, sang hen the nao, neu ci

gin canh ciia t r u 6 n g t r e n dat to p h u lUu l a i , t h i den
ngay gio, ngay tet, con thU p h a i c6 phan siJ hoac gop
l i , hoac dUa l i den nha t h d hay nha con t r i f d n g l a m
l i , cho du ciia trifcing chi thuoc hang chau, t h i c h i i
hoac ong chii van p h a i t h d cung ong ba t a i nha ciia
trUcing. Do do khong c6 le lap ban t h d vong doi v6i
ciia t h i i ngay ci que nha. Neu ciia trifcing k h u y e t hoac
xa que, t h i ngifdi cdn t h i i h a i the t r u d n g dUdc lap ban
thd c h i n h , con ban t h d d nha ngifdi anh ca ci xa que
lai la ban t h d vong.
Nhifng ngay nay, ci nhieu vung que, con t h i i ciing c6
ban thd de ciing vai to tien.

lap ban thd cha me, ong ba, to tien n h i m hUdng khoi
trong nhflng ngay gio, tet.
Ngay xifa, v6i nen k i n h te nong nghiep t i i cung, t i i

C a u 51: Tren ban thd gia tien bdi tri nhitng
thd cung gi?

do

cap, ngUdi nong dan suo't ddi g i n bo v6i que cha, dat to,

T r a Ic^i:

chuyen cif sang lang ben canh cung da goi la biet quan,