The passive voice
The passive voiceTO BE +
TO BE +
past participle (+ by phrase)
past participle (+ by phrase)
•
HiÖn t¹i ®¬n: S + is / are / am + V
HiÖn t¹i ®¬n: S + is / are / am + V
3
3Ex:
Ex:
Peter eats a cake A cake
Peter eats a cake A cake
is eaten
is eaten
by Peter
by Peter
.Qu¸ khø ®¬n: S + was / were + V
.Qu¸ khø ®¬n: S + was / were + V
3
3

are / was / were + being + V
are / was / were + being + V
3
3

Ex: He is being questioned by the police.
Ex: He is being questioned by the police.He was reading a book when I came .
He was reading a book when I came .A book was being read when I came
A book was being read when I came
* Th
* Th
× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh:
× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh:
S + Have / has +
S + Have / has +
been + V3
been + V3
Ex: The police have questioned me
Ex: The police have questioned me I have been questioned by the police
I have been questioned by the police


This machine mustn’t be used after 5.30 p.m.
13.You should keep the flowers in a warm sunny place.
The flowers should be kept in a warm sunny place.
14.They are going to paint the chairs.
The chairs are going to be painted.
15.The farmers are ploughing the ricefields.
The ricefields are being ploughed by the farmers .
16.Nam’s father has just bought another villa.
Another villa has just been bought byNam’s father.
17.Nam can repair this machine.
This machine can be repaired by Nam.

Reported speech(C
Reported speech(C
©u gi¸n tiÕp
©u gi¸n tiÕp
)
)
+
+
trong ngoÆc kÐp lµ c©u trÇn thuËt:
trong ngoÆc kÐp lµ c©u trÇn thuËt:
VÝ dô:
VÝ dô:
Mary said, “I will come back this
Mary said, “I will come back this
department store tomorrow”


departement store
departement store
the following day
the following day

Cách đổi:
Cách đổi:
-
Giử nguyên động từ
Giử nguyên động từ
say
say
hoặc đổi
hoặc đổi
say to
say tothành
thành
tell
tell
.
.
-
Đổi dấu
This That These Those
Here There Now Then
Today That day Tonight That night
Yesrerday The day before
Next The following
Last The previous

Tag questions (Câu hỏi đuôi)
-
Dùng cùng hình thức của động từ chính hoặc trợ
động từ như trong mệnh đề chính.
Nếu mệnh đề chính ở thể phủ định thì câu hỏi ôiở
thể xác định, nếu mệnh đề chính ở thể xác định
thì câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định. You
have been to New York, havent you?
We dont go to school tomorrow, do we?
-
Dùng cùng chủ ngử với mệnh đề chính. Câu hỏi
đuôi phải là đại từ làm chủ ngử.

-
Nếu have là động từ chính thì phải dùng do,
does hoặc did trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ: You have a car, dont you?
-
Nếu có there hoặc it ở đầu câu thì câu hỏi đuôi
củng phảI có there hoặc it
There are only twenty students in our class, arent

9.Let’s go somewhere for a drink,…………….? Shall we?
10.Open the door,………………..? Will you?

Gerunds after some verbs:
Lµ h×nh thøc Verb + ing
Avoid hate stop enjoy
love suggest like
Ex: Why did you avoid meeting the boss?
Few people enjoy working overtime.
Ba hates waking up early.
He stop smoking cigareries
I suggest collecting used clothes

Making suggestions: suggest + v-ing, suggest
+ (that) + S + should
+ §­a ra lêi ®Ò nghÞ: suggest + v-ing
Ex: I suggest taking the children to the zoo
I suggest giving lessons to poor children
We suggest speaking English in class.
+ Suggest + (that) + S + should
I suggest that you should speak English in class
I suggest that he should go to see the doctor
There,s a dripping faucet in Mr Binh’s kitchen
I suggest that Mr Binh should fix the dripping
faucet in his kitchen

Gerunds after some phrasal verbs:
Turn off turn on look for look after go on
dislike postpone finish stop quit consider


I failed my exam because I didn’t study
Would you like tea or coffee?
I passed the test, therefore, my parents took me to
the circus
I feel sleepy, however, I must finish the report
I want to go home. I feel sick (use “because”)
I want to go home because I feel sick
They learn english….they intend to go abroad
a. And b. because c. or d. so

Relative clauses (MÖnh ®Ò liªn hÖ)
MÖnh ®Ò liªn hÖ b¾t ®Çu b»ng chñ ngö “who” thay
thÕ cho tõ chØ ng­êi ®øng tr­íc nã vµ lµm chñ ngö
Ex:The woman who wears a hat is my mother
MÖnh ®Ò liªn hÖ b¾t ®Çu b»ng t©n ngö “whom”
thay thÕ cho tõ ®øng tr­íc nã lµm t©n ngö
Ex:The woman is the person whom I always thinks
of
The man whom she visits is very famous
The boy will be punished.He throw that stone
The boy who throw that stone will be
punished

Which có thể làm chủ ngử hoặc tân ngử
Thay thế cho từ chỉ vật đứng trước nó, làm chủ ngử
The book which is on the table is my teachers
Làm chức năng tân ngử
The bicycle which you are working at is mine
The novel which I read yesterday is very interesting
My bike had disappeared. I had left it at the gate

: If clause Main clause
: If clause Main clause
S +
S +
V
V
(present simple)
(present simple)
+ O, S +
+ O, S +
will / can / may…+ V
will / can / may…+ V
(inf)
(inf)
Ex:
Ex:
If you
If you
do
doyour test, you
your test, you
can
canpass
pass

are
are
polluted, the rice plants
polluted, the rice plants
will die.
will die.The teacher (explain) to you if you ask him
The teacher (explain) to you if you ask him
•
notes: unless = if not
notes: unless = if not
Ex: unless + S + V
Ex: unless + S + V
(simple present)
(simple present)
, s + WILL +v (inf)
, s + WILL +v (inf)
Type 2
Type 2
:
:
S +
S +
V
V
(simple past)
(simple past)


it to himIf you
If you
saw
saw
a UFO, what
a UFO, what
would you
would you
do?
do?

1.If he (have) free time, he would go swimming had
2.If I had much money, I (buy) a new car would buy
3.He (write) to her if she wrote him would write
4.If the weather (be) cool, the bananas wouldn’t spoil were
5.This car (buy) If it were cheap could be bought
6.I (not do) that If I (be) you wouldn’t do / were
7.We (go) swimming If today (be) Sunday. would go / were
8.If they (know) your address, they (meet) you knew / would meet
9.Where you (go) If you (have) a car?
Would you go / had
10.If he (do) his homework, he (not worry) about the examination.
Did / wouldn’t worry