-72


-72

i


i


ii

t

-


iii

............................................................................................................ ii
................................................................................................................. iii
..........................................................................................v
......................................................................................... vi
...................................................................... vii
.....................................................................................................................1
..........................................................................................1
.................................................................................................2
.....................................................................................................2
.....................................................................................................2
c ti n c

.......................................................................................31
.....................................................................................31
............................................31
....................................................................................32
........................................................................32
..............................................34
..................................................................................37
..............................................................................................................38
........................................................38
3.1.
.........................................................................................38
....................................................................38
.............................................................................................................40
................................................................................................41
.................................................................................43
..................................................................................................45
3.2

len
.............................................................................46

n

.............................................51

3.4. Ng
...............................................55
.......................................................................................57
.................................................................................................................57
..................................................................................................................58

1:
.................................................................................... 49
2:
............................................................................................... 47
3:
............................................................................................... 50
4:
............................................................................................... 50
:

................................... 53

:

Zn trong gan................................................ 54
................................. 54


vii

Ca

: Canxi

Cs

:

Cu



:

Se

: Selen
:

TB

:

TCVN

:

TL

:

Tr

:
:

Zn
SLT
NST
VSV



ng v t,
ng y u t c

thi

u

iv im

ph n c a nhi u lo

a nh ng

s
ch t trong h u

h
h

n, bi

o, sinh t ng h p

n ng mi n d

n ng

thi u h t m t s


t li u kim lo
pc ns n


2

kh

c ch ph m ph c kim lo i t
n thi t ph i th nghi

so v
th

u

tri
ng, k m, selen n kh
n 38-72 tu n tu

ng v t

m,
ng c a ch ph m ph c kim lo i s t,
n xu t c
ng sinh s n giai

2.

.



3

1

1.1.
1.1.1.

.
S li u t m

n s n xu t premix cho gia c m c a Trung Qu c

(Nanning Zeweier Feed Co. Ltd., (2011)) [87] cho bi

t o ra 1 kg premix

n ch
ph i s d

i v i 1 kg
t ch a 6.

ph i s d

y kh
cs d
tl



rong bi n, c th

.

ov b

ch tt
t polysaccarit t

ng h
b n
t quan tr
nc

ch
peroxidaza (GSH-

o qu

Cu, Fe,
n ph m t v t
t trong

n c a glutathione
y


4



iv

i. Nhi u k t qu th c nghi m ch ra

r ng s thi u h t ho

am ts

as

n

gia c
ki

cb

u ph n
Ngu n cung c

ng cho v

y

t kh u ph

c

c b sung h n h p kh


ch

sinh h

h p thu c

(Aoyagi, S and Baker, 1995) [24], (Underwood, EJ and Suttle, 1999) [79].
Hi

x y ra gi

(Moldal, M and Bairagi, 2007)[55].
d ng c

t v i nhau
ng cao c

m

c l i (Lesson, S and Summers, 2008) [44],
[63], (Zhao, J, Shirley, 2008) [86]


5

t

t


so v

c

th

[45], (Nollet, L, Van der Klis, J

and P, 2007)[59].
Nhi u k t qu

(Ammerman, CB and Miller,

1972)[23], (Aoyagi, S and Baker, 1995)[24], (Biell, R.R, Emmert and Baker,
1997)[25] cho th
id

t
ng b h

u khi t i 80%, ch y

av

i

p sinh h c th p c a
ng
ng.


i ch t [Ammerman, (1995)] [21]
u ph n
ph

id

c ch t h

c protein ho

ch

i d ng ph c

ng
u tr

gelatin, keo tinh b t,
t

ng [(Dziechciarek, 1998)[30]; (Hussain, 2001)[41]; (Miles,
2002) [53]; (Taylor, 2005) [78].
c

h p ph

ng

th
h

(Halford, 2006) [37]; (Lim, H, 2006) [46]; (Nollet, 2005) [58]; (Van der Klis,
2002) [82]; (Zhao, J, 2008) [86].
*
ng s

ng v t t n t

i d ng ph c v i

c t
ph

i d ng h p ch t

c d tr trong gan, t y, th

t
S

t trong
pt

thu s t c

ti p

ph thu

ph c ch t c a s



c

i Fe
p th s

v
b

tc av t

ng thi u s t h
ng s

th

p

id

y ra

ti p thu sinh h c


8

thi u s t, ch
c


ho

n d ch,

ng c a h th

ch, h tr

ng t i

o hemoglobin, t o
tr

chuy n s

i hocmon, protein,

hydrocacbon, c n thi t cho vi
ng s

ng c

ng th

ng gi

n m t s enzym.
ng trong vi c c ng c l

collagen nh

K

i ph bi n nh t trong h th ng enzym t

gia c
k tv

m tham

i di n cho t t c
c axit amin ch

n

(Underwood, E.J, and Falchuk, 1999) [79], (Valee, B.L, and Suttle) [80].
tk

t trong protein c

ng v t (Fraker, P.J, King and Vollmer, 2000) [33]. K
trong m t lo

ng bao g m: S

ty u


9

ng mi n d ch, sinh s


c
c th

K

t s c quan tr

b

iv

ng h p collagen

t trong nh ng protein t o l

v

ng h

am gia
a

n, ch

o

( Novus, 2009) [61].
ng h p thi u k m: Gi m kh



c bi

iv

ng. Selen

ng c
(Schwarz, K and Foltz, 1957) [68]
a b nh suy t ng

ra r ng selen
nh ho i t gan

th

m.
t trong b n y u t


10

n nh t c a h th ng ch

t x t

enzym (Taylor. T.M, and Weiss, 2005) [78].
u bi t r
kh e m



ng hi u qu th tinh.
th

i d ng selenit (Na2

SeO3), selenat (Na2 SeO4) ho c selenua (Na2 Se), trong khi trong th
t

c

ho

t v

1.1.2 Nhu c u Fe, Cu, Zn

gia c

i lo

ng

gia c m

khi thi

[62]
[45]


2001) [45]

(Mahan et al., 2005) [50].


13

[63]

kho
tan

[52].

t

gievskii, 1982) [35].

(Suttle, NF and Peter, DW, 1985) [77]
[63]. (Mason, J, Lamand, CA and Kelleher, CA., 1980; Loneragan et al.,
1998) [51]


14

con.

[63].

[64]

ph

mong
o ra ch ph m

ng -

ph

h

o v

b

t polysaccarit t

rong bi n

(arabinogalactan).
1.1.5
*
K

[2]

nh