NHAN DAN TINH BAG KAN Vfll AN TOAN KHU CUA TRUNG UOfNG
or CHO DON TRONG KHANG CHIEN CHONG PHAP (1945-1954)
Au THI H O N G THAM*

A

n toin khu (ATK) ciia Trung fldng
gifl vai trd to ldn doi vdi thing ldi
cua cuoc khing chie^n cho'ng Phip. Da cd
khong it cong trinh, bai viet de cip de'n
nhflng khia canh khic nhau cua ATK, trong
dd ATK cua Trung fldng d Dinh Hda (Thii
Nguyen) dfldc nghien cflu k h i nhieu. Tuy
nhien, ATK ciia Trung fldng d Chd Ddn, tinh
Bic Kan vd'n la mgt trong nhflng mit xich
het sflc quan trgng, cdn chfla dfldc chu y mgt
cich thda ding. Trong pham vi cua bii viet
niy, chung t6i chi muon lam ro mgt s6' net
ve vai trd ciia nhan d i n tinh Bic Kan doi vdi
ATK ciia Trung fldng d Chd Ddn.
Dinh gii cao vi tri vai trd cin cfl dia
Viet Bic d6l vdi cich mang Viet Nam, nen
ngay sau ngay Cich mang thing Tim
thinh cdng, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh d i cii
d6ng chf Pham V i n Ddng v i mgt sd ddng
chi khic d lai Viet Bic de cung c6' cin cfl
dia cich mang. Khi nguy cd chien tranh
xim Ifldc ciia thflc d i n P h i p dang ngiy
cing tdi gin, t h i n g 11-1946, Trung fldng
Dang tiep tuc cii ddng chi Nguyin Lfldng
Bing va Trin Ding Ninh trd lai Viet Bic

dao cua ong Trin Dai Nghia. Dfldc sfl giflp dd
cua chfnh quyen, quan v i din dia phfldng,
Nha Nghien cflu da che tao dfldc nhflng vu
khi quan trgng phuc vu khing chie'n (4).

Xi Yen Thinh cii bao gdm cic x i Ban
Thi, Yen Thinh v i Yen Thfldng ngay nay la
ndi tiep nhan sdm nhi't cic cd quan, cdng
xfldng, kho ting cua Trung fldng. Bing
phfldng tien t i u hda loai nhd v i godng chay
tren tuyen dfldng s i t Dim Hdng (Chiem
Hda, Tuyen Quang) - Ban Thi (Chd Ddn, Bic
Kan) (3), tfl cuoi nim 1946 v i diu nim
1947, Nha Tiep te (thugc Bg Kinh te) da
chuyen hing chuc ti'n mu6l len Ban Ciu trfl
vio kho d Khudn Lia v i hing trim ti'n hang
hoi, vit lifu, may mdc len Ban Thi, Leo
Hiu, Khuon True thugc xa Yen Thinh cu.
Ban Thi l i ndi cd quing kem, chi, bac...
la nhflng nguyen lieu ra't can cho viec
nghien cflu, san xui't vu khf, d dd cd cd sd
vat chi't cu nhfl n h i cita, mgt so' miy mdc
khai thic quing ciia P h i p dfldc n h i nfldc
quan ly, die biet l i cd nha miy thuy dien
nhd, tram bflu dign v i dfldng diy dien
thoai Ban Thi - Dim Hdng... Bdi the,
Xfldng quin gidi ciia Trung fldng (cdn ggi la
Xfldng H52) chuyen de'n Ban Thi. Luc diu
xfldng dat d Ld Rang (ten ggi cd sd rang
quang thdi Phip), ve sau de dip flng nhu

(tfl 7-12-1947 de'n cudi t h i n g 12-1947) tai
Ban Ca, xa Binh Trung. Ddng chf Tdng Bf
thfl Trfldng Chinh v i V i n phdng Trung
fldng Dang trong nhflng nam 1950-1951 d
Khudi Linh, xa Nghia T i . Ddi Khau Ma, xa
Lfldng Bing l i ndi d v i l i m viec cua ddng
chf Pham V i n Ddng v i Hgi ddng Chfnh
phu trong khoang thdi gian tfl 1950-1951.
Cd quan Bg Tdng tham mflu d N i Quin,
Ban Tud'm, Khudi Ang x i Binh Trung.
Nhflng n i m 1950-1951, cac ddng chi V5
Nguyen Giip, Nguyin Chi Thanh, Hoing
Vin Thii thfldng qua lai lam viec d diy.


5S
Dia diem Tong Quin la ndi Bg tdng Tham
mflu td chflc hai Hgi nghi tdng ke't cac
chie'n dich Bien gidi 1950 v i Dfldng so' 18
vio cudi n i m 1950 va d i u n i m 1951. Chu
tich Hd Chf Mmh va Tdng Bf thfl Trung
fldng Dang - Trfldng Chinh d i tdi dfl v i
hui'n thi cho ca hai Hgi nghi.
Cd quan ngoai giao Dai sfl quin Trung
Qud'c d Ban Mdn (Lfldng Bing). Viet Nam
Thong ti'n xa d N i Tong (Nghia Ta), Bao
Su That d Khudi D i m (Nghia Ti)...
Dang bg Chd Ddn ph6l hdp vdi dgi cong
tic dae biet d i dinh ra phfldng i n xiy dflng
vung cin cfl theo cic yeu cau: bao ve an

ciia ATK nhfl chin Deo So (Binh Trung),
Tum Td (Bing Lang), Ban Cau (Yen
Thinh).., deu cd sfl tham gia ciia Iflc Ifldng
vu trang Chd Ddn. Trong pham vi tflng xi
dat ATK, d i n quin du kich ludn ludn s i n
sang chie^n dau, flng phd vdi mgi tinh hinh.
Viec gifl gin bf mat, dam bao an toan cho
cic cd quan Trung fldng v i trong tinh dfldc
quin triet v i tuyen truyen can mat trong
n h i n din. Khau hieu "Ba khong" (kh6ng
biet, kh6ng thi'y, khong nghe), da dfldc
n h i n dan thflc hien nghiem tflc. Tfl khau
hieu tuyen truyen da bien t h i n h khau hieu
h i n h dgng, mgi ngfldi d i n trong huyen,
nhi't l i khu vflc ATK, da neu cao trich
nhiem bao mat.
Cac tram giao thong lien lac trong ATK
v i vdi cic cd sd ngdii huyen dfldc to chflc,
nhan vien, can bg giao thdng dfldc tuyen Ifla
trong thanh nien d khu vflc ATK. Trdng bi't
ky tinh hudng nio, vfldt qua mgi khd khin,
gian nguy, cic lien lac vien mang thfl, cic
tii lieu cua Dang, Chfnh phii v i quin dgi...
deu bao dam thdng su6't, an toin v i kip thdi.
Sfl quan t i m giflp dd cua Dang bg va
n h i n d i n cic d i n tgc Chd Ddn d6l vdi cic
cd quan, gia dinh cin bg theo chdng con di
khing chie'n d i tao dieu kien cho cic cd
quan Trung fldng vfldt qua dfldc nhflng khd
k h i n trong nam dau tdng di chuyen len

hdp vdi bg dgi dia phfldng v i quin chii Iflc
anh dung chie'n da'u tieu diet sinh Iflc dich.

ve Yen Nhuan de cin quet khu vflc nay.
De'n N i Chao (Yen Nhuan), dich nd sflng
dfl dgi vio mgt ddn vi du kich lim mgt
ddng chf hy sinh v i mgt ddng chi khac bi
thfldng. Mgt tieu dgi du kich khic dang luc
l i m nhiem vu canh gic cho n h i n d i n gat
Ifla d gin dd, nghe tieng sung no nhanh
chdng phoi hdp vdi trung dgi bg dgi chu Iflc
tieu doin 102 (thugc Trung doan 165 tflc
Trung doin Thii d6) td chflc phuc kich. Nhd
th6ng thad dia hinh, quin ta chgn dfldc dia
the thuan ldi de mai phuc, Chd quin dich
tdi gin, quan ta nhi't Idat nd sflng, nem lflu
dan, diet 8 ten rdi rut lui an toan (6).

Du kich Chd Ddn phdi hdp vdi cic ddn vi
bg dgi, die biet l i Dai dgi dgc lip 653 tien
hinh cung c6' cac tran dia cu v i xiy dflng
them mgt s6' t r i n dia mdi tren cac nga
dfldng tfl Phfldng Vien di Nggc Phii, de'n
R i Ban v i sang Dai Sao.

Thing ldi tren ghi them mgt chie'n cdng
ciia cic Iflc Ifldng vfl trang Chd Ddn, gdp
phan lim thi't bai mflu do ciia thflc d i n
Phap trong cuoc ti'n c6ng len Viet Bic.


phdi hdp vdi d i n quan, du kich chin danh
dich tfl Chd Ddn de'n Ban Thi. Ddin da cd
sfl phdi hdp Iflc Ifldng vu trang huyen lip
nhieu chie'n cdng. Doin 2 do ddng chf Phan
Phic, Tdng Dgi trfldng chi huy tien ve phfa
Tiy, phuc kfch quin P h i p tai km so' 4
dfldng s i t Dam Hdng - Ban Thi vio sing
ngay 18-10-1947, giinh t h i n g ldi diet 38
ten, lim bi thfldng gin 20 ten, chin dflng
cuoc hanh quin tfl Chiem Hda len Ban Thi
cua thflc dan P h i p .
Cflng thdi gian (dem 18-10), dfldc sfl giup
dd ciia nhin din, sfl phoi hdp cua quin du
kfch xi Yen Thinh, Trfldng Vd Bi td chflc mgt
dgi "Quye't tii' gdm 8 chie'n si, do Nguyen Bgi


60

Dong lam tieu dgi trfldng, bf mat tip kich ddn
Yen Thinh, diet mgt s6' ten dich, p h i mgt dai
lien, ddng chi Dong bi thfldng vin binh tinh
chi huy quin nit lui an toan.
Lflc Ifldng quan P h i p gin 300 ten tfl
Chd Ra (Ba Be), tie'n sang Ban Thi de tim
cich hgi q u i n vdi lflc Ifldng cua binh ddin
Commuynan tai Dai Thi (Chiem Hoa,
Tuyen Quang), khi de'n N i Ngang bi du
kfch xa Mlu Ninh (Ba Be) phuc kfch diet 3
ten. Ngay 20-10, chflng tdi Ban Thi, each


Rghien cuu Lich siir. s610.2010
Trong nhflng n i m 1951-1953, thflc d i n
Phap t i n g cfldng p h i hoai h i u phfldng va
ATK khing chie'n tren dia ban Chd Ddn.
Miy bay dich nhieu l i n n6m bom giy thiet
hai ve ngfldi v i ciia cho cic cd quan, xfldng
may, khd tang. Quan, d i n cic xa da neu
cao tinh than doin ket, giup dd nhau, khic
phuc h i u qua chie'n tranh do dich giy ra,
ddng thdi giup dd cic cd quan, xfldng miy,
khd t i n g l i m lai l i n trai, nhanh chdng 6n
dinh ndi san xui't va l i m viec.
Sau ngiy Bic Kan dfldc giai phdng
(1949), con dfldng sd 3 tfl Ha Ngi len Thii
Nguyen - Bic Kan - Cao Bing trd t h i n h
con dfldng giao thdng huyet mach cua cuoc
khing chie'n. Dfldng 29 (Chd Ddn - Bic
Kan) l i con dfldng quan trgng n6l lien ATK
Chd Ddn vdi tinh ly Bic Kan v i cin cfl dia
khing chie'n Viet Bic. Do viy, ngay tfl khi
Chd Ddn dfldc giai phdng, chfnh quyen dia
phfldng da nhieu l i n huy dgng d i n cong ra
siia chfla, tu bd, md rong dfldng 29.
De gdp sflc cho chie'n dich Bien gidi Thu
- Ddng 1950, tfl t h i n g 1 den t h i n g 3-1950,
huyen Chd Ddn da huy dgng lien tuc 4 ddt
din cdng, moi ddt 500 ngfldi de s^a dfldng
s6' 3 bi p h i hoai ning ne trong chie'n tranh.
Nhd sfl nd lflc ddng gdp cua cac huyen, trong

phuc vu chie'n dich giai phdng Bic Kan
(1949), chie'n dich bien gidi (1950), s^a
chfla ciu dfldng Qud'c 16 s6' 3, ddng bio cic
din tgc vung ATK (Yen Thinh cu), Lfldng
Bing, Nghia Ti... huyen Chd Ddn, cdn thflc
hien nhiem vu phuc vu ATK. Hang thing
hang chuc lao dgng van chuyen chi (tfl xf
nghiep Bic Sdn) va tien (tfl xfldng in tien),
vfl khf dan dfldc (tfl xfldng quan gidi) d Ban
Thi de'n Bic Kan hoac ve khu vflc phia
Nam huyen. Ddi khi cdn cd nhflng ddt phuc
vu dot xuit, trong t h i n g 9-1951, theo yeu
ciu, huyen cii 33 ngfldi phuc vu Xfldng
H52, 7 ngfldi phuc vu xf nghiep Bic Sdn
(10). Viec di chuyen dia diem v i xiy dflng
cic cd quan trung fldng tren dia b i n huyen
cflng dfldc nhan dan ndi diy ddng gdp hing
ngin cdng lao dgng.
Diu n i m 1954, cdng tic van chuyen kho
tang trd t h i n h yeu ciu ci'p thie't. Thflc hien
ke hoach cua tinh, trong t h i n g 4, Chd ddn
da 16 chflc mgt doin gdm 50 xe trau v i 60
mang vin chuyen Ifldng thflc tfl Chd Ddn
ra thi xi Bic Kan; ddng thdi td chflc mgt
doan gdm 172 con ngiia thd, chuyen Ifldng
thflc cic xa phia Nam ciia huyen ve kho
Chd Chu (Dinh Hdi, Thii Nguyen) (11).
Ngdii ra, ddng bio cic din tgc huyen
Chd Ddn cdn neu cao tinh than thflc hien


Chd Ddn gdp p h i n dfla cuoc khang chie'n
ch6'ng P h i p den thing ldi ve vang.

THICH

(1), T r u n g t a m cua ATK Chd Don nay thudc cac
xa LUdng B i n g , Nghia Ta, Binh Trung.
(2). Nay thude dia phan cua xa Yen Thinh (cU).
(3). Dudng sfit rdng 0,8 met.
ciiu che tao via khi dUdc phong anh hiing lao ddng
la dong chi Ngd Gia Kham,

sd'20/BC-HU

ngdy 23-8-1954, Itfu tai Kho LUu trQ Tinh uy Bfie Kan.
(12), Nghi quye't Hgi nghi Ban chdp hdnh

tinh

Ddng bg Bdc Kgn hgp tii ngdy 17-4 de'n ngdy 20-4-

(5). Huyen iiy Chd Don, Lich sii Bdng bg huyen
Cho Don (1930-1954), Huyen uy Chd Don xua't
ban, 1993, tr. 63,

1950, luu tai Kho LUu trQ Tinh uy Bfie Kan,
(13), Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh huy^n
Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo thiic hien thue'nong nghiep huyen

(6), (7). Dang liy - Bd ehi huy quan sU tinh Bac

tinh uy Bfie Kan,
(15). Cha Don anh hiing. Bao Bfie Kan, sd' dfi.-;
biet (14-12-2000).

(9), Uy ban Khang chie'n Hfinh chinh tinh Bfie Kan,

(16). Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh huyfn

Bdo cdo thdnh tich sita dUdng Bac Kan, lUu trii tai Kho

Chd Ddn, Bdo cdo 6 thdng ddu ndm 1953, luu tai

lUu trQ Ban Nghien ciiu Lieh sii Dang Thai Nguyen,

Kho LUu trQ tinh iiy Bfie Kan.