BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO
TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG LÂM TP. HCM
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KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP

ĐỊNH DANH VÀ PHÂN NHÓM NẤM
Trichoderma spp. PHÂN LẬP
TẠI VIỆT NAM
Ngành học: CÔNG NGHỆ SINH HỌC
Niên khóa: 2003 – 2007
Sinh viên thực hiện: NGUYỄN THỊ KHẢ TÚ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Tháng 9/2007
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Tháng 9/2007iii
           






 


            


            
 

 
            tef1   
Trichoderma            
TreeView 1.6.6.
 tef1  Trichoderma


Kết quả đạt đƣợc
Trichoderma.
Trichoderma.
Trichoderma T. longibrachiatum, T. asperellum,
T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. virens T. asperellum 
v
T. asperellum 

Kết luận
  
tef1 
 Trichoderma.
 tef1 
Trichoderma 

Trichoderma genus were compared with their data at different ecological,
geographic areas on over the world to clear the genetic relationship.
The results show that confirming exactly the species of 10 Trichoderma genus,
T68 genus was identified T. atroviride. Establishing and clearing the genetic
relationship among 11 Trichoderma genus. In which, 11 Trichoderma genus in Viet
Nam of 5 species T. longibrachiatum, T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. harzianum ,
T. virens (except T. asperellum genus (T6)) have a rather far genetic relationship
from others in the world. 10 genus orginated from locality and
T. asperellum (T6) is the one migrated in our country. Genetic relationship among 5
species is stable and suitable with morphological characteristics.
vii
MỤC LỤC

 ................................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. vi
 ................................................................................................................. vi
 ....................................................................... x
 ..................................................................................... xii
 ...................................................................................... xii
 ..................................................................................................................... 0
 ..................................................................................................................... 0
1.1.  ...................................................................................................... 0
1.2.  ........................................................................................................ 0
1.3.  .......................................................................................................... 0
 ..................................................................................................................... 2
 ........................................................................................... 2
2.1. Trichoderma ..................................................................... 2

Trichoderma 
 ............................ 24
g 4 ................................................................................................................... 25
 ................................................................................. 25
4.1.  ................................................................................... 25
4.2.   tef1 ........... 26
4.3.  ........................................................................... 27
4.4.  ..................................................... 35
4.4.1.  tef1
................................................................................................................ 35
4.4.2.  rDNA ........ 37
4.5.  ...... 39
4.6.  
tef1 ................................................................. 41
 ................................................................................................................... 44 ix
  ....................................................................................... 44
5.1.  ........................................................................................................ 44
5.2.  ......................................................................................................... 44




RNA: Ribonucleic acid.
SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Taq: Thermus aquaticus.
TAE: Tris-glacial acetic acid- ethylenne diamine tetra acetic acid.
TE: Tris ethylene diamine tetra acetate.
Tm: Melting Tempereture .
. xi
DANH SÁCH CÁC BẢNG
  ........... 15
  ............................... 20
  ....... 21
  ................................................................... 21
  Trichoderma  ....... 22
 tef1 Trichoderma  ..................... 23
  ............ 28

 . 20
 tef1 
EF1   986F .............................. 20
Trichoderma 
 .............................................................. 26
Trichoderma 
 V, 400 A trong 20 p ............ 26
 V, 400 
 rDNA 
 ...................................................................................... 27

 
EF1   ............................................................. 27
 
tef1 (B). ...................................................................................................... 36
 rDNA (A)  rDNA (B)
................................................................................................................... 38
  rDNA 
 ............................................................................. 40
  rDNA Trichoderma .......
 ........................................... 43
 tef1 
 ........................................... 42

MỞ ĐẦU
1.1. Đặt vấn đề
Trichoderma 

Trichoderma 


              
 tef1   986R
Trichoderma 

 tef1 

Trichoderma
 tef1 
talX 1.83 

1.6.6.
  
tef1 Trichoderma 
              
TreeView 1.6.6.

2


 Trichoderma 

 


Hình 2. 1 T. harzianum  2  3 

Trichoderma   l
                

T. koningii-

 
Trichoderma 
               

Trichoderma 
T. virens), 
 
 m.
            4
T. harzianum               
hlamydospores 
Trichoderma           

2.1.4. Đặc điểm sinh lý, sinh hóa, sinh học
Trichoderma 

spp., Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp., Botrytis spp., Fusarium
 Crinipellis spp. 
5


-1,3-
Tiết kháng sinh: T. virens  , 
Rhizoctonia solani  Pythium spp. Isonitriles 
T. hamatum, harzianum, viride, koningii, polysporum 
 T. atroviride  T. viride -pentyl alpha-pyrone
 pyrones) 
Phytophthrora cinnamomea 
Botrytis cinnerea. Peptaibols do T. polysporum, harzianum, koningii 


            T. virens, koningii,
viride sesquiterpenes olyketides T. harzianum Steroids
 
T. virens.
Ký sinh: Trichoderma          

                
Trichoderma  

Trichoderma 
             glucanase,
 



2.2. Cấu tạo tế bào Trichoderma
Trichoderma
 
  glucan, mannoprotein (Siu-Wai Chiu
 7

 

Trichoderma 


2.3. Các phƣơng pháp định danh tên loài của Trichoderma
Trichoderma 
.  
          Trichoderma.    

Hypocrea GliocladiumTrichoderma.  
Trichoderma
    


T. asperellum T. viride


    

      

0
).


T. atroviride T. viride
 
    




       Trichoderma     
  .  (ITS1, ITS2, RAPD) 





Trichoderma 

Trichoderma/ Hypocrea 
 
h danh Trichoderma
 T. viride 
T. koningii T. atroviride tef1 
            
(Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition
Trichoderma 

10
                
 

 
 

 

             



          

      
     N. crassa, Schizosaccharomyces pombe S. cerevisiae,
Vicia faba       S. prombe, S. cerevisiae   Oryza
sativa
N. crassa, 

2.5. Giới thiệu về vùng tef1
  


Trichoderma 
           Trichoderma (Gary J.

         
        
            


 12

  rDNA,
       Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp. 
Paecilomyces spp.  Trichocomaceae       
 Acrasiomycota, Myxomycota,

Oomycota  Fungi            
Schizosaccharomycetales Myxomycota 
         rDNA (Large Subunit  rDNA, 24S),
P. carinii Basidiomycete trong

                
SSU  S. apiospermum

and S. prolificans 


ng T.
harzianum  rDNA.
  Trichoderma           
Trichoderma 