MOT
SO
PHaONG
PHAP DAY VA HOC
M(!)N GIAO TIEP GIAO
VAN HOA
CHO
SINH VIEN TIENG ANH CHINH
QUY
NAM
THQ
4
D6
MAI THANH,
VAN
THANH
BINH
To Van hgc- Van Minh- Giao thoa van hod
Trudng DHNN Hd Ngi
Ldi
gldi
thieu
Trong nhdng nam gdn day,
nliu edu
hgc ngogi ngd ndi ehung vd
giao tii'p vdi ngudi nude ngodi bang tii'ng Anh ndi riing dang ngdy
edng gia tang. Rd't nhiiu ngudi nude ngodi, qua bdo chi, Internet,
email, tii'p xdc true tii'p ed phdn ndn rang ky ndng diin dgt vd nghe
hieu eua ngudi Viet Nam khdng din ndi ndo, nhung ed mot sd ngudi
Viet (tuy con
sdehua

Idu
vd ed "truyen
thdng" nhu Van hgc,
ly
thuye't tie'ng, Gilo hgc
pblp
v v ,
ddy
Id
bd
mdn mdi duge dua vdo gidng dgy vd nhdng nghiin edu chuyin sdu ve
giao tii'p giao vdn hod Viet - Anh - My ehua thue su ed nhiiu. Vi vdy
388
nhung ngudi tham gia dgy mdn Giao thoa van boa dd rat ed gang di
dua vd chgn
Ige nhihig kie'n
thdc can thii't, ca ban vdo gidi thieu cho
sinh viin.
Cdng
vdi sU nd
luc
vd miit mdi nghiin edu cua PGS.TS
Nguyin
Quang, ngUdi dd ddt nen mdng cho ly thuye't nghiin edu giao
tii'p giao vdn hod Viet vd cdc nude ndi tii'ng Anh tgi trudng
DHNN-
DHQGHN, cdc gido viin dd vd dang tim nhung phuang
plidp
gidng
dgy mdi, phu hgp vdi diiu kiin cua sinh viin Viet Nam.

blng
dc
cau
bdi "phdng van" blng tieng Anh:
"How many people are there in your family?" (Gia dinb ba ed bao
nhieu ngudi?)
"What do you do?" (Ba lam nghe gi?)
"How old are you?" (Ba bao nhieu tudi?)
"Are you married?" (Ba da lap gia dinb ehua?)
"Why aren't you married? I think that you should get married
soon. You look old enough to get married and have children." (Sao ba
khdng lap gia dinb di? Trdng ba da de'n tudi phai lap gia dinb va cd
con rdi.)
v.v va v.v
389
Sau
vli
cau bdi
diu,
du
khich
My dm tha'y bat tien va
ebi
am fl.
Vin
ehua thdi, cau sinh vien ay
vln
tdi tap bdi va
hlo bfle
cbd cau tra

sin Idng
mudn tao quan he.
Trong mot cudc
khio sit
tien
hInh
vdi sinh vien nam thfl nhat
K32,
khoa
NN va VH Anb-My, 20% sinh vien vln sfl dung nhflng cau
bdi nhu:
"Hi!
What are you doing in the town?"(Xin chao! Ban dang lam gi
trong thi tran vay?)
"Hi!
Where are you doing?" (Xin chao! Ban dang lam gi vay?)
"Hi!
How are you? What are you doing here?" (Chao! Ban dang
lam gi d day vay?)
de chao bdi ddi tugng giao tiep la ngudi Anh, My.
Nhflng ldi nhu vay se it gap ban d nhflng sinh vien nam cudi do hg
trong
qui
trinh hgc da duge tham
din
van
hoi
cua ngdn ngfl dich.Tuy
nhien, khi duge hgc mdn Giao thoa vdn hod hg mdi cd y thflc mot
deb cd be thdng nhflng tuang ddng

390
giao vien dua ra ly thuyet
qui
cao sieu ve nghien cflu van
bol
ngdn
ngfl cua dc hgc gia,
din
den tinh trang sinh vien ngdi nghe nhu vit
nghe sam, khdng hieu thay dang ndi gi. Them vao dd, tinh trangludi
dge
sich,
tim tai lieu tham
khIo,
ngai giao tie'p vdi ngudi nude ngoai
eung cd the lam sinh vien mat
din
di hflng thu vdi mdn hgc.
De phat buy tdt vai trd eua ngudi
thiy,
ehung tdi nban thay giao
vien chi nen la nhflng ngudi hudng
din,
ggi y van de, cdn sinh vien
mdi thue su la ngudi phai di
sau
tim hieu. Vi cd dge saeh, tim tai lieu,
giao tie'p
true
tiep vdi ngudi

hoa, yen cau sinh vien ke lai nhflng van de hg gap phai trong thue
tidn
khi giao tie'p vdi ngudi
nude
ngoai. Ldp hgc se eung nhau pban tich
nguyen nban cua su viee, ggi y
gili
pblp can lam de
tranh
nhflng cu
sd'c van boa.
Muc
dieh
chinh eua mdn hgc
II nbim
giup ngudi hgc cd kie'n thflc
nen ve ta'm phdng van boa eua ngdn ngfl
dieh,
tfl dd rut ra bai hgc
trinh nhflng hieu lam khdng
ding
cd trong giao tiep gifla van boa Viet
va dc
nude
ndi tieng Anh.
Ngoli
ra, bd mdn eon giup dung kie'n thflc
van bol de' giai
tbicb
bien tugng ngdn ngfl, vi ngdn ngfl

cua minh ddi vdi dc va'n de van boa. Giao vien
391
cd the dua ra tinh hudng hoac
cau
bdi, td chflc cho sinh vien
thio
luan
theo
nhdm.
CIc
nhdm se ke ban ghe'
theo
hinh trdn hoac hinh chfl
nhat, ngdi ddi dien nhau. Mot ldp hgc ngoai ngfl cd the ehia thanh 4
hoac 5 nhdm. Sau budi
thIo
luan, gilo vien se tdng hgp y kie'n va el
ldp se eung thao luan mot
Ian
nfla.
Tinh
hud'ng vi du:
Dudi day la mot cau chuyen. Sinh vien duge
yeu
du
dge
va dua ra
quan diem eua minh, ddng y bay khdng ddi vdi
hinh
ddng cua dc

tuin".
Bi sd'c trude ldi
de ngbi dd, cd quay sang mot ngudi quen
khIc,
Fredrick, va ke mgi
chuyen. Fredrick
dip,
"Oi, Rosemary, anh hieu van de eua em, nhung
dd la van de cua chinh em, chfl khdng pbli cua anh". Rosemary danh
quay lai chd Sinbad, va d vdi anh ta mot tuan. Sau dd Sinbad da dua cd
sang sdng.
Geoffrey da ndng nan don tiep cd. Nhung trude hdm cudi cd
thly
minh can pbli ke cho Geoffrey mgi chuyen. Geoffrey ndi: "Anh se chi
cudi em khi tren the gian nay chi cdn minh em duy nhat".
Cudi
eung,
Rosemary quay sang Dennis, ban cd. Dennis
ling
392
nghe cau chuyen va ndi."
6i,
Rosemary, Anh khdng
yeu
em nhung
anh se cudi em". Va dd la ket thue cua cau chuyen.
Hogt ddng thdo lugn:
Sap xi'p theo
tlid
tu td

tflng nhdm, ddng vien nhflng ngudi nbut
nhit
va ddi khi cdn khuyen
khich blng thudng diem.
Ngoai ra, vi
la
gid
thIo
luan, ldp hgc se rat sdi ndi vl
Im
I. Neu
quin
ly khdng tdt, gilo vien se khdng dieu khien duge boat ddng cua ldp.
b. Phuang phdp
tit
phdn anh (reflection method)
Phuong pblp nay cd the dung trong d boat ddng ndi va viet. Gilo
vien se
yeu
cau sinh vien chuan bi mot cau chuyen hoac tinh hud'ng
gay sd'c hoac ngflng tre giao tiep trong mot sd
llnb
vuc cu the, cd the'
cua chinh minh hoac nghe ke lai. Dung kien thflc giao thoa van hoa da
hgc duge, sinh vien rut kinh nghiem va neu quan diem d nban cua
minh. Bai
phIn Inb
nay cd the' d hinh thflc thuyet trinh (presentation)
hoac viet tu luan (essay).
Vi du:

Gilo vien cd the suu tap dc bang,
dia
hinh, video, tranh, anh
lam gilo cu true quan. Sinh vien se duge xem nhflng hinh Inb cu the'
tren phim,
dIa
sau dd thao luan trude ldp hoac ehia nhdm nhd. Gilo
vien
nen
ggi y sinh vien
tbio
luan nhung diem tuang ddng va
kbic
biet trong dc hanh vi van boa, ma cd the da va se
din
de'n sd'c van
bol.
Ngoli ra, chflng ta cd the khuyen khich sinh vien dung thanh
nhflng vd kich, tu hg ddng vai. CI ldp se eung xem va
eung
nhdm sinh
vien dd pban tich, rut ra bai hgc.
Phuong pblp nay cd uu diem giup sinh vien de nhd, dd tiep thu vi
chinh tu hg duge tan
mit
chflng kie'n. Ngoai ra, nd kich tbicb khdng
khi hgc tap sdi ndi trong ldp, thflc day su hieu biet
lln
nhau gifla dc
sinh vien hon. Ddng thdi, nhieu sinh vien cd

ngfl bien dang sinh sdng tai Viet Nam, phdng van va khao
sit.
Hoac tham chi sinh vien ed the dflng mang Internet khao
sit
true tie'p
394
vdi ban be la ngudi ban ngfl cua hg. Ddi khi, giao
vidn
cd the chi giao
ehu de, cdn
cau
bdi khao sat, sinh vien cd the tu thie't ke.
Sau khi tien hanh kblo sat xong, sinh
•ien
se thu thap
cau
tra ldi,
pban tich va viet
bio
do. Dieu can tbiet nhat la hg rut ra duge gi tfl
sau nhflng lln khao sat dd.
Phuong nay cd uu diem lam cho sinh vien nang ddng, tao mdi
trudng giao tie'p cu the vdi ngudi nude ngoai va lam thay ddi khdng
khi hgc tap trong ldp.
Ddi khi cd nhflng sinh vien rut re, phuong phap nay lam hg tha'y
"khd sd" vi khdng dam ndi chuyen hoac khdng the
"kiem
dau ra ngudi
nude
ngoli de ndi chuyen" - nhu mot sd sinh vien tflng pban nan. Va'n

phap
ehung
tdi dua ra nhlm giup
395
ngudi dge bie't them mot sd phuong phap giang day mdn Giao thoa
van bol. Nhflng phuong phap nay dang
duge
chflng tdi Ip dung trong
thdi gian
gin
day va cd dem lai mot sd ke't qua kha quan.
Tuy nhien, chflng tdi vln biet
ring,
dc phuong phap nay ehua
pbli la tdi uu eung nhu cdn nhieu nhugc diem.
Chung tdi mong nban
duge
nhflng y kien kien ddng gdp quy
blu
cua ban dge giup cho ehuang trinh day va hgc mdn Giao tiep giao van
bol Viet Nam va dc
nude
ndi tieng Anh
duge
boan thien hon,
ha'p
din
hon trong tuong lai.
396