DllN DAN TRAO Ddi
*'
MOT SO DAC DIEM CUA BAO
Cffl
VIET NAM
GIAI DOAN 1936-1939
Th.S
TRI
ONG THUY DUNG*
GIAI PHONG
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NUOC DUC DA
DALJ
HANG
VO £ieUKl6N
^
tan
xH-hdi
1 so
DAC-BICT
VE
BdqG-OU'O
NG
Otl-HQI
Mot sd td bao phdt hanh
thdi
ky trudc nam
1950
'/l[
he ky XIX, bao chi vin cdn la mdt hinh thinh va phit triln, dai dien cho tilng
^U^

cdn md nhat. Nam
1925,
td bao Thanh nien
(eo quan ngdn luan
eiia
Hdi Viet Nam
Cich mang Thanh nien) dugc xuit bin da
trd thanh mdt sy kien quan trpng dinh dau
sy xuit hien
ciia
ddng bio chi cich mang
Viet Nam.
Din
nam
1930,
vdi sy ra ddi
ciia
Ding Cpng sin Viet Nam vi dugc sy chi
dao trye tilp eua Ding, ddng bio chi cich
mang cing cd nhiing budc phit trien khdi
sic.
Tuy nhien, trong giai doan 1930-1936,
do nhirng dilu kien ehu quan va khich
quan nhit dinh, bio chi cich mang chua
thuc sy cd nhung budc dot phi manh me de
khing djnh vj the cua minh. Mac du vay,
bio chl tilng Viet theo khuynh hudng cich
mang cung da cd nhiing budc tiln bp nhanh
chdng dl khang dinh tilng ndi rieng cua
nhirng ngudi yeu nude va cich mang, vi

sir dung bao chi cich mang lam vii khi
chiln diu, thiic diy cich mang Viet Nam
phit trien va gianh thang
Igi"'
Dya tren
cic
chii
truong chi dao cua Dang trong
nhiing hoin canh cu the khic nhau, dong
bio chi cich mang da dan khing dinh dugc
bin
ITnh
vi vi tri cua minh trong moi
trudng bio chi liic bay gid.
Trong chinh sich cai tri cua minh, thuc
dan Phip mudn diing nhirng thanh tyu
ciia
van minh phuong Tay de trdi budc nhimg
nude thudc dia lac hau nhu Viet Nam.
Chiing mudn diing chii Qudc ngii de lam
md nhat di chii Nho, mudn diing chinh
sach giio
due
nhd gipt de dio tao tay sai
vi dac biet lam "ngu hda" dan tdc ta. Tuy
nhien, nhiing muc tieu cua chiing da bj pha
san khi trao vio trong tay nhan dan ta mpt
cdng cu truyin ba rdng rai do chinh la
bio chi. Vdi bao chi chiing ta da lam cho
chii Qudc ngii trd thanh linh hdn

2/2012
DIEN
OAN
TRAO
001
cdn trd thinh mdt nhan td quan trpng cho
cupc dau tranh khing dinh nen dpc
lap
cua
nhan dan ta. Tren bio Ddn sd 7 (19-8-1938)
ding bai "Dieu
le
cua Hdi truyen bi chii
Qudc ngii d Trung Ky", ghi rd "Truyin bi
chii Qudc ngii, day cho ngudi An Nam
biet dpc,
biit
vilt ehii me de, dang dl thiu
thii nhurng phd thdng thudng thiic cin
thiet cho ddi sdng mdi me" Tranh
thii
nhiing dieu kien thuan
Igi
cua thdi ky nay,
chiing ta khdng chi neu len nhiing khau
hieu van ddng chung chung ma da di
din
viec thanh lap cic hdi, cac td chiic, cic
nhdm cu the tai mdi dja phuong, (Bai viet
"Chinh phu md trudng day ngudi

giai doan 1936-1939, vdi muc
tieu diu tranh dan
ehii,
minh dat cho viec
phit trien cac tie phim van hpc ca nggi ty
do,
din
chii,
ca nggi quyen sdng
ciia
con
ngudi cang trd nen rdng md. Tren bao ehi,
rat nhieu the loai tie pham vin hpc khic
nhau (tha, truyen ngan, truyen dai ky, tieu
thuyet ), nhilu khuynh hudng sing tic
(lang man, hien thye ) da
din
dugc vdi
ban dpc. Khdng chi cd khuynh hudng vin
hpc hien thye di sau cd dpng cupc dau
tranh
ciia
dan tdc ta, tren khuynh hudng
lang man
ehiing
ta ciing tim thay dugc
tieng ndi
eiia Idng
yeu nude, sy ca nggi ty
do mdt cich kin dio. Nhu nhin dinh cua

Thi gidi, Lao
ddng.
Tin
tire
nhiing tic
TAP CHi UCH
SLfOANG
- S6
2/2012
53
DIEN
OAN
TRAO
OOl
phim vin hgc van dugc ding tii mdt each
thudng xuyen. Khing dinh mdt cich manh
me sy trudng tdn cua nen vin hda Viet
Nam qua nhimg tic phim
van
hpc trudc
im muu phi hoai cua ke
thii
thdng tri, do
li mdt nhin td tieu bilu dl khing dinh tinh
than dpc
lip ciia
dan tdc.
Cupc diu tranh eho mue tieu dan chu -
muc tieu chinh ma Ding Cdng san Viet
Nam da

dau tranh cung khi da dang: ddi quyin ty
do ngdn luan. ty do bio chi; van ddng
chong that hpc, cd ddng phong trao
truyin bi chii Qudc ngii; diu tranh ddi
binh dang gidi; ddi tha
tii .chinh
tri Bao
chi giai doan 1936-1939
thi bien^y
thim
nhuan mdt each sau sic vai trd cua minh
trong
chii
truong diu tranh chung
ciia
each
mang dan tdc. Bing nhiing ndi dung
dau tranh phong
phii,
thiet thyc, kheo leo
vi hieu qua, bao chi giai doan nay khong
chi tap hgp dugc ddng dao quin chiing
trong nude tao dugc
siic
manh doan
kit
dan tdc, ma cdn tranh thu dugc sy
iing
ho
to

diem dd cing cho
thay sy phit trien tir ty phit len ty giac
trong tinh chat diu tranh
cua
bio chi
Vi?t
Nam giai doan 1936-1939.
1.
Trin Van Giau: Giai cdp cong nhdn
Vi(t
Nam - Su hinh thanh
vd
phdt trien cita nd
lit
giai
cdp "tu minh" den giai cdp "cho minh", Nxb
Khoa hoc xa hoi, H,
2003,
tr.
1172
2.
Nguyin Thanh: Bdo chi
cdch
mang
Viet
Nam
1925-1945,
Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, H,
1984,
tr.