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Chuyên đề Tiếng Anh:
MỘT SỐ KINH NGHIỆM VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP
DẠY CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Tác giả: Nguyễn Thị Hồng
Giáo viên trường: THPT Quang Hà
Đối tượng bồi dưỡng: Học sinh lớp 12
Số tiết dự kiến: 12

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LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
Tiếng Anh là một môn học văn hoá cơ bản, bắt buộc trong chương trình giáo dục phổ
thông, là 1 bộ phận không thể thiếu trong học vấn phổ thông. Tiếng Anh góp phần phát triển
tư duy (trước hết là tư duy về ngôn ngữ) và hỗ trợ cho việc dạy học tiếng Việt, môn tiếng Anh
còn góp phần đổi mới phương pháp dạy học, lồng ghép và chuyển tải nội dung của nhiều môn
học khác trong các trường phổ thông.

Tuy nhiên sự hứng thú của các em trong tiết học môn Anh là không cao,
câu hỏi đặt ra cho tôi một giáo viên đương nhiệm là làm sao tạo được hứng thú
cho các em trong mỗi tiết học là giúp các em hình thành được phương pháp học
tập tốt đặc biệt là đối với phần ngữ pháp tiếng anh. Hơn nữa trong ngữ pháp
tiếng anh câu bị động là một phần kiến thức hết sức quan trọng, có trong các kì
thi tốt nghiệp và thi ĐH. Muốn làm tốt được các bài tập trắc nghiệm về câu bị
động thì học sinh cần phải nắm được các vấn đề liên quan đến câu chủ động, câu
bị động trong tiếng Anh, chuyển từ hình thức làm các bài tập tự luận sang bài
tập trắc nghiệm. Vì vậy tôi chọn đề tài một số kinh nghiệm và phương pháp

Eg: The house has been rebuilt.
-Khi chúng ta không biết hoặc quên người thực hiện hành động.
Eg: The car was stolen.
- Khi chúng ta quan tâm đến bản thân hành động hơn là người thực hiện hành động.
Eg: This book was published in Vietnam.
- Khi chủ ngữ của câu chủ động là chủ ngữ không xác định như : people, they, someone...khi
chuyển sang bị động có thể lược bỏ:
Eg: They clean this room once a day
 This room is clean once a day.
- Khi người nói không muốn nhắc đến chủ thể gây ra hành động
Eg: Parking is not allowed here.
II. Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động.
-Muốn chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động học sinh cần nắm chắc các bước
chuyển sau đây:
Xác định tân ngữ trong câu chủ động , chuyển nó thành chủ ngữ trong câu bị động.
- Xác định thì của động từ trong câu chủ động, chia “to be” tương ứng với thì tiếng
Anh đó và với chủ ngữ mới của câu bị động.
- Chia động từ chính trong câu chủ động ở dạng past participle trong câu bị động.
- By+ tác nhân gây hành động ( khi muốn nhấn mạnh tác nhân gây hành động)
S

S

+

+

V

+

Eg1: The police found him in the forest.
 He was found in the forest by the police.
Eg2: My parents are going to buy a car tomorrow.
 A car is going to be bought by my parents tomorrow.
- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật sự việc thỡ ta dựng giới từ “with” thay ‘by” trước
tân ngữ ấy.
Eg3: Smoke filled the room.
-> The room was filled with smoke
- Câu bị động phủ định và nghi vấn được tạo giống như cách của câu chủ động.
Tuy nhiên không phải bất cứ câu nào cũng có thể chuyển từ chủ động sang bị động
hoặc ngược lại. Điều kiện để chuyển một câu chủ động sang câu bị động là câu đó phải có
một transitive verb ( động từ ngoại hướng). Câu có intransitive verb ( động từ nội hướng) thì
không thể chuyển sang câu bị động. Động từ ngoại hướng là động từ cần một tân ngữ trực tiếp
trong khi động từ nội hướng thì không cần một tân ngữ trực tiếp.
Eg: 1) They have provided the victim with food and clothing.
Transitive verb
 The victims have been provided with food and clothing.
2) They run along the beach every morning.
Intransitive verb

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III.Cấu trúc.
- Về cấu trúc câu bị động trong tiếng Anh , tôi sẽ chia thành hai loại sau :
Loại 1: Bị động đối với các thì không tiếp diễn.

Eg:
Active: Somebody has taken of my books away.


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Passive: Some of my books have been taken away.

S + have/ has been + Past Participle
3)Thì quá khứ đơn: Eg:
Active : They told the new student where to sit
Passive : The new student was told where to sit.

S + was / were + Past Participle

4) Qúa khứ hoàn thành

S + had been + Past Participle

Eg. Active: I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
-> Passive: I knew that he had been told of the meeting
5)Thì tương lai đơn:
S + will be + Past Participle

Eg:
Active:

They will hold the meeting before MayDay

Passive


Loại 2: Bị động tiếp diễn.
1) Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
S + am / is / are +being + Past Participle

Eg:
Active: Ann is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Ann
2) Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn:
S + was / were + being + Past Participle

Eg:
Active: Tom was writing two poems.
Passive: Two poems were being written by Tom.
B. Phần 2: Một số bài tập minh họa
Vận dụng những kiến thức ở trên , hãy luyện tập bằng cách làm các bài tập sau:
Exercise 1: Chuyển những câu sau sang bị động:
1. A group of students have met their friend at the railway station.
__________________________________________________________
2. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home.
__________________________________________________________
3. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________
4. How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
__________________________________________________________
5. This well-known library attracts many people.
__________________________________________________________
6. All students attended the meeting.


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1. Their friend has been met at the railway station by a group of students.
2. Tom wasn’t allowed to take these book home.
3. Exercices won’t be corrected by the teacher tomorrow

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4. How many were trees cut d own to build that fence?
5. Many people are attracted by this well-known library.
6. The meeting was attended by all students.
7. My bike can’t be repaired
8. Tom has been operated by Mary since 10 o’clock.
9. This is the second time we have been written to about this.
10. This street wasn’t swept last week
11. I wasn’t introduced to her mother.
12. Electric lights had been invented before I was born.
13. Cows are usually milked by farmers twice a day.
14. A large hole was being dug in the ground by workers.
15. Before exams were taken, their lessons had been revised.
16. When he came home, a newspaper was being read by his father.
17. Grass was being eaten on the meadow by Cows.
18. Her own company is being run.
19. Umbrellas and raincoats must be left in the cloakroom by visistors.
20. We used to be made to clean the house by my mother.
Trên đây là một số bài tập tự luận nhằm giúp các em vận dụng vững các dạng lý
thuyết. Tuy nhiên , hiện nay theo quyết định của Bộ giáo dục và đào tạo thì môn Ngoại

c. known

d. is known


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4. References _________ in the examination room.
a. not are used

b. is not used

c. didn’t used

d. are not used

5. Laura _________ in Boston.
a. are born

b. were born

c. was born

d. born

6. My nother is going _____________ this house.
a. sold

b. to be sold

c. to sold

10. The road to our village _____________ widened next year.
a. is

b. will

c. can

d. will be

Answer Keys:
1. a
6. b

2. a
7. a

3. c
8. b

4. d
9. b

5. c
10. d

Exercise 3: Tìm lỗi sai trong những câu sau.
1. When he arrived at the furniture shop, they had been sold the table he
A
B
C

7. He has given freely of his time by caring for the wounded during the
A
B
C
D

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Civil War.
8. Two prisoners were hang this morning by Taliban.
A
B
C
D
9. Daisy's ring is make of gold.
A
B C D
10. Hamlet was wrote by William Shakespeare.
A
B C
D
Answer Keys:
1. C
6. A


b. A new hospital near the airport has been built.
c. A new hospital has been built near the airport .
d. Near the airport a new hospital has been built by them.
5. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.
a. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview.
b. You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them.


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c. A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview.
d. A lot of questions will be asked at the interview.
6. People don’t use this road very often.
a. This road is not used very often.
b. Not very often this road is not used.
c. This road very often is not used.
d. This road not very often is used.
7. Somebody accused me of stealing money.
a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money.
b. I was accused of stealing money.
c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody.
d. I was accused stealing money.
8. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
a. The computer is being used at the moment.
b. The computer at the moment is being used.
c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment.
d. The computer is used at the moment.
9. The bill includes service.
a. Service is included by the bill.
b. Service included in the bill.
c. Service is included in the bill.


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1.Mẫu câu : S + V + O (C, A)
Trong mẫu câu này tân ngữ có thể là một danh từ, cụm từ hoặc đại từ.
Hãy xét một số ví dụ sau:

S + V + O
Eg: Active: Her mother is cleaning the kitchen.
Passive: The kitchen is being cleaned by her mother.

S

+V

+ O

+ C

Eg: They called him Mr. Angry.
He was called Mr. Angry.
S + V

+

O

+

A

3. Câu bị động với các động từ tường thuật.


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Các động từ tường thuật thường được dùng để tường thuật lại các câu nói, ý nghĩ, câu
hỏi , yêu cầu, lời xin lỗi .... Một số động từ tường thuật thường gặp là : say, think, know,
believe, ask, tell, promise….
Có hai cấu trúc liên quan đến động từ tường thuật:
a. Mẫu câu : Active:

Passive :

S (Oi)

S

+V

+ Oi

+ be past participle +

+ that clause.

that clause.

Eg: He told me that you had a new bike.
 I was told that you had a new bike.
b. Mẫu câu


Eg1: People say that he is a rich man.
 He is said to be a rich man.

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Eg2: They think that she is living there.
 She is thought to be living there.
Eg3: They said that Tom had left home before the weekend.
 Tom was said to have left home before the weekend.
Eg: It is alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour
-> The man is alleged to have been driving at 110 miles an hour
4. Câu mệnh lệnh.
Khi chuyển câu mệnh lệnh sang câu bị động ta sử dụng cấu trúc sau:
Active: V
Passive:

+O
Let

+ Adjunct
+O + be past participle + Adjunct.

Eg: Take off your hat!
 Let your hat be taken off!
Ngoài cách trên, còn một cách khác để chuyển câu mệnh lệnh sang câu bị động nhưng


Ving

6. Cấu trúc :
Có hai trường hợp xảy ra:
a. Tân ngữ của Ving cùng chỉ một đối tượng với chủ ngữ của câu:
Eg: He kept me waiting.
-> I was kept waiting ( by him).
b. Tân ngữ của Ving không chỉ một đối tượng với chủ ngữ của câu:
Eg : He hates people looking at him.
 He hates being looked at ( by people).
S

7. Cấu trúc :

a.

S

+ V

+ V

+ O

+ O ( to)

+ to

+ V

-> He was heard to sing this song.
Nhưng : They let us go home.
-> We were let go home.
Hoặc : We were allowed to go home.
8. Cấu trúc

Have / get something done. ( dạng nhờ bảo ).

Active : S + have + Object( person) + bare infinitive + Object.
Passive : S + have + Object ( thing) + Past Participle (+ by + Object( person))
Active: S + get + O (person) + to infinitive + O ( thing)
Passive : S + get + O (thing) + Past participle (+by + O(person))

Eg :
I has him repair my bicycle yesterday.
-> I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
Eg:
I get her to make some coffee.
-> I get some coffee made.
9. S + want/ like/expect + sb to V something
 S + want /like/expect + something + to be P2
 Sb + be + wanted/liked/expected + to V
Ví dụ:
The teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
 The teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully.
They expected me to finish my work early. they expected my work to be finished early.
10. Somebody + agree/arrange/determind/decide + to do something
 Somebody + agree/arange/determind/decide + that something + should be + done
Ví dụ: She decided to rebuild the house  She decided that the house should be rebuilt.


bought.
18. Bị động của cấu trúc chủ ngữ giả “it”.
It + be + adj + (for sb) + to V + st.  It + be + adj + for st to be + P2
Ex: It is difficult for me to finish this test in an hour.
 It’s difficult for this test to be finished in an hour.
19. It’s impossible to V + st  St can’t be P2.
Ex: It’s impossible to solve this problem.  This problem can’t be solved.
20. It’s necessary to V + st  St should/must be P2.
21. V + St  St should/must be P2.
Don’t V + st  St shouldn’t/mustn’t be P2.
PRACTICE.
Dựa vào những kiến thức ở trên yêu cầu học sinh làm các bài tập sau đây:
Exercise I : Chuyển những câu sau sang bị động:
1. Has Tom finished the work?

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->_______________________________.
2. Is she making big cakes for the party?
->________________________________
3. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
->_______________________________
4. What books are people reading this year?
->_______________________________.
5. People saw him steal your car.

d. UFO has been said to be inreasing.
2. He is getting them mend the windows.
a. He’s having the windows to mend.
b. He’s having to mend the windows.
c. He’s having to be mended the windows.
d. He is having the windows mended.
3. They made her hand over her passport.
a. She was made to hand over her passport.
b. She was made hand over her passport.
c. She was handed over to make her passport.
d. She was handed over for her passport to make.

4. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car.
a. The man was believed to have escaped in a stolen car.
b. The man is believed that to have escaped in a stolen car.
c. The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car.
d. The man is believed have escaped in a stolen car.
5. They say that many people are homeless after the tsunami.
a. They say many people to have been homeless after the tsunami.
b. They say many piople to bbe homeless after the tsunami.
c. Many people are said to have been homeless after the tsunami.
d. Many people are said to be homeless after the tsunami.
6. They know that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law.
a. The Prime minister is known to have been in favour of the new law.
b. They know the Prime Minister to be in favour of the new law.
c. The Prime Minister is known to be in favour of the new law.
d. They know the Prime Minister to have been in favour of the new law.
7. They expect that the government will lose the election.
a. The government is expected to have lost the election.
b. The government is expected to lose the election.

7.b

3. a
8. b

4. c
9. b

5. d
10. b

D. Phần 4: Một số bài tập tự giải
I. Hãy xác định một câu có phần gạch dưới cần được sửa lại cho đúng:
1.

Ho Chi Minh City, which named is after President Ho Chi Minh, is quite a
A

B

C

D

young city.
2.

The child were told to apologize for being rude to his brother.
A



4.

C

B

C

D

In many universities, English taught to students although it is not the native


131
A

B

C

D

language.
7.

Two prisoners were hang this morning by Taliban.
A

8.


D

11. More people are infecting with HIV this year than they were 5 years ago.
A

B

C

D

12. The meeting was be rearranged shortly before it had been due to take place.
A

B

C

D

13. Every possible effort were made by the orphanage to find the boy’s parents.
A

B

C

D


18. This building will have finished by the end of 2020.
A

B

C

D

19. A new road is building across this field next six months.
A

B

C

D

20. All his attempts are surporting heartily by his relatives and neighbours
A

B

C

D

II. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành những câu sau:
1.


c. was destroyed

d. destroyed

"Where's the old chicken coop?"
"It_____ by a windstorm last year".
a. destroy

7.

b. is destroyed

"We're still looking for Thomas". "Hasn't he_____ yet?".
a. been found

8.

b. to find

c. found

d. being found

"Whatever happened t that fortune - teller?"
"I don't know. She _____ around her in a long time".
a. hasn't seen

9.

b. didn't see


Passive Voice
26. I heard her sing in the room.
27. We watched them dance on the stage.
28. He made his wife do a lot of homework.
29. They let me to enter the room everyday.
30. My mother didn’t let me go out late.
31. She lets her son play football every afternoon.
32. I had a carpenter make a bookshelf.
33. She got him to repair her bike.
34. My mother had someone repaint my house.
35. I had him update my cellphone yesterday.
36. We are not allowed to take part in the contest.
37. Peter suggested that we buy a new car.
38. My mother orders that we finish all homework before going to bed.
39. Pike recommended that she service her car.
40. It is difficult for me to solve this problem.
41. It was easy for us to prepare the party.
42. It is necessary to complete the project at the end of this month.
43. It was essential to repair the building.
44. It is difficult to cover this moutain with pinetrees.
45. It is impossible to build a bridge across this river.
46. It is impossible to find a good job today.
47. Close all windows before going home.
48. Don’t drink that water. It’s polluted.
49. Bring an umbrella with you.
50. Clean your room immediately.

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