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INTRODUCTION
1. Reason for choosing thesis topic
Agriculture is the basic material production of society. Under
any circumstances, Agriculture always plays the role of the
foundation, which is the support for the stable and sustainable socioeconomic development of the country. Agricultural economic
development has always been identified by the Party as one of the
strategic issues in the process of industrialization and modernization
and international economic integration. The 10th Congress of the
Party affirmed that: At present and in the coming years, the issue of
agriculture, farmers and rural areas is strategically important. It is
important to attach great importance to industrialization and
modernization of agriculture and rural areas in order to build a large,
diversified, fast and sustainable agriculture.
The Red River Delta is a large agricultural area of the country
with tradition, potential and strength in agricultural production. After more
than 30 years of innovation (from 1986 to present), the development of
commodity agriculture in the Red River Delta has achieved remarkable
achievements with revolutionary significance, greatly contributing to the
socio- Economic development of the region and the whole country.
However, comparing with the requirements and potential strengths of the
region, this development exist many limitations: small scale, scattered
production; The productivity, quality and competitiveness of agricultural
commodities are low; The structure of agricultural economy is still
traditional, moving toward commodities slowly and unsustainablely; At
the same time, it also sets out the urgent issues that need to be addressed:
expanding the scale of production of agricultural commodities business;
further improving the productivity, quality and competitiveness of
agricultural commodities; reorganizing the production of commodity
farm in a global, effective and sustainable value chain; Searching and
expanding the output markets for agricultural commodities and creating a

Research tasks:
Overview of research related to thesis topic;
Building the theoretical foundation for the development of
agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta; surveying experiences in
some countries, the socio-economic region in the country on the
development of agricultural commodity, drawing lessons for the Red
River Delta;
Assessing the current situation, pointing out the causes and
issues that need to be addressed under the current situation of
agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta from
2010 to 2017;
Proposing ideas and solutions for developing agricultural


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commodity in the Red River Delta in the following years.
3. Subjects and scope of research
Subjects: Agricultural commodity development.
Scope of research:
Content: The thesis on access to agriculture includes: agriculture,
forestry and fishery; Focus on clarifying the increase in size and
quantity; improve the quality and complete the structure of commodity
economy from a scientific and political viewpoint and place it in close
relation with the process of agricultural restructuring of the with the
process of agricultural restructuring of the whole country.
Space: The thesis studied in the Red River Delta of Vietnam,
covering 11 provinces / cities: Hanoi, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Quang
Ninh, Hai Duong, Hai Phong, Hung Yen, Thai Binh, Ha Nam, Nam
Dinh and Ninh Binh.
Time: Time to survey the development of agricultural

agriculture commodity in the Red River Delta in the coming time.
6. Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis
Contributing to clear explaination about the theory and practice
development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta. The
results of the thesis are theoretical and practical basis for the local
authorities to guide development of agricultural commodity at present.
The thesis can be used as learning materials, teaching and scientific
research on agriculture and agricultural commodity development
7. The structure of the thesis
The dissertation includes: Introduction, 4 chapters (10 periods),
list of published works, list of references and appendix
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES RELATED TO THE
THESIS
1.1. Foreign researches related to the topic
1.1.1. Researches on agricultural development
Park Sung Sang (1977), “Growth and Development: A Physical
Output and Employment Strategy”; Harry T.Oshima (1987), “Economic
Growth in Monsoon: A Comparative Servey”; Michael Paul Todaro
(1989), “Economic Development in the Third World ; Zhen Zhong (2014),
“Increasing Subsidies for China's Agriculture ; Mekdum Winai (2015),
“New Farmer Development in Agricultural Land Reform Area in Thailand
”; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
(2015), “Agricultural development policy of Vietnam in 2015 ”
1.1.2. Reseaches on agricultural commodity development
M. Ataman Aksoy, John C.Beghin (2005), “Global agricultural


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trade and developing countries”; Food and Agriculture Organization of

Management of Agricultural Value Chain"; Nguyen Quoc Dung
(2016), "Economic, social and environmental benefits of the" big field
model "in the Mekong Delta; Tran Quang Trung (2017), "Linking


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business production in agriculture - Theory and practice in processing
farm product of raw materials for animal feed"; Luong Trung Thanh,
Thinh Van Khang, Nguyen Thi Lan Huong (2017), "Development of
cooperative economy in agriculture in Thanh Hoa province"; Pham Thi
Thanh Binh (2018), "Comparative Study of Agricultural Policy in
China, Thailand, Israel and lessons learned for Vietnam".
1.2.2. Reseaches on the development of commodity economy in
agriculture and rural areas
Pham Van Huynh (1993), "Development of Agricultural
commodity following to socialist orientation in Vietnam"; Le Minh
Department (1995), "Developing the rural economy of goods and its
impact on the task of building the armed forces of Vietnam today";
Mai Van Bao (2000), "Agricultural commodity development in the
process of industrialization and modernization in our country"; Bui
Van Can (2001), "Developing commodity economy in the process of
industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in
the Red River Delta"; Tran Xuan Chau (2002), "Accelerating the
development of commodity agriculture in Vietnam today".
Nguyen Thanh Long (2001), "Factors influencing the development of
commodity agriculture in the Red River Delta provinces in the period of
industrialization and modernization"; Lai Ngoc Thanh (2010), "The Impact
of Land fragmentation on the development of commodity production in the
Red River Delta"; Do Thi Thanh Loan (2015), "Restructuring agricultural
economy in the Red River Delta in the context of international economic

of agricultural commodity development in a number of countries and
socio-economic regions in the country, drawing lessons for localities
in the Red River delta in developing the agricultural commodity.
Thirdly, objectively surveying and evaluating the situation of
agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta over the
past time and pointing out the really urgent issues that need to focus
onl efforts to solve in the coming time. Fourthly, proposing
viewpoints, practical and feasible solutions, to develop agricultural
commodity in the Red River Delta in the coming time.
Summary of chapter 1
In chapter 1, the author has reviewed 12 foreign scientific
works, 28 scientific works in the country are monographs, doctoral
dissertations, summaries, yearbook and related scientific articles
related to the topic of group works from far to close, from the general
to the private, outline the main results of the works, from which
drawing the problems need to address in the thesis
Chapter 2
THEORITICAL BASE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF
AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY IN THE RED RIVER
DELTA AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
2.1. General issues in agriculture and agricultural agriculture
2.1.1. Agriculture
2.1.1.1. The concept of agriculture
Agriculture is the basic material production of the society: using


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land for cultivation and animal husbandry, harvesting plants and
animals as raw materials and labor to produce food and some raw
materials for the industry. It is a large manufacturing industry,

2.2.1.1. Concepts on the development of agricultural commodity


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Basing on the principle of development, economic development
and inheritance of previous concepts, it is possible to understand the
development of agricultural commodity in which there are
development of agricultural commodity in Vietnam on the following
specific aspects:
Firstly, the development of agricultural commodity is the
process of increasing the scale of production, the rate of commodity
farm product; improving productivity, quality, efficiency,
competitiveness of agricultural commodity and completing the
structure of the components of the agricultural commodity ;
Secondly, this development is through the practical activity of the
leaders, managers, supporters, producers and businessmen to create,
mobilize, exploit and use resources efficiently for the development. . In
which, state agencies at all levels shall guide, support and mange the
state with the development process; Farmers and enterprises are the
dirrect persons deciding on the results of production and trading of
commodity farm product; Domestic and foreign investors play an
important supporting role and are indispensable.
Thirdly, development of agricultural commodity aims at stablely
developing both social economic and environment in each country and
territory;
Thứ tư, sự phát triển này nhanh hay chậm phụ thuộc rất lớn vào
điều kiện tự nhiên, kinh tế, chính trị, văn hóa, xã hội của mỗi quốc
gia, vùng lãnh thổ trong từng thời kỳ nhất định.
Fourthly, the development of this fast or slow depends greatly on
the natural, economic, political, cultural and social conditions of each

agricultural commodity producers and traders in the localities;
increasing the volume and proportion of productivity commodity to
meet domestic consumption and export demands.
2.2.2.2. Improving the productivity, quality, efficiency and
competitiveness of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta
This is the main content, reflecting the development of
agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in depth. The content is
reflected in the following issues: Improving the quality and
competitiveness of productivity commodity to meet market demand.
Improving the quality and efficiency of production and business
activities of agricultural production subjects in the localities in the
region. Making progressive changes in the socio-economic life and
rural and agricultural environment in the Red River delta,
2.2.2.3. Completing the agricultural structure in the
Red River delta in the direction of producing goods in a


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suitable, modern and sustainable manner
This is an important content, reflecting the quality and efficiency
of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta. The
specific content of completing the structure of agricultural
commodity economy is: to complete the agricultural economic
structure by economic sector and agricultural products. To
complete the agricultural economic structure in the direction of
specializing the regions and sub-regions specializing in
commodity farm product, bringing into play the advantages of
each locality. To complete the agricultural economic structure in
the direction of efficiently exploiting the contribution of various
economic sectors to the development ofagricultural commodity.

mechanization; improving the quality of farmers; renovating the mode of
operation for agricultural cooperatives and implementing the policy of
agricultural price subsidies and agricultural insurance for farmers.
2.3.2. Experience in developing agricultural commodity some socioeconomic region of Vietnam
2.3.2.1.Experience in Mekong Delta
The experience in development of agricultural commodity in the
Mekong Delta is: selecting agricultural commodities with potential
advantages; strengthening to research and apply science and technology
into production; developing forms of linking and cooperating in
production along the value chain; organizing investment promotion,
agricultural trade; supporting ang training farmers. However, the
production has not attached to the demand of agricultural products, has not
paid attention to quality and value.
2.3.2.2. Experience in the Central Highlands
The development of agricultural commodity, the localities in the
Central Highlands of Vietnam has been: Strengthening to link agricultural
production along the value chain; studying and applying advanced
technologies into production; Organizing investment promotion activities,
promoting agricultural products. However, the planning and organizing to
implement the plan for the development of agricultural commodity is
not good
2.3.3. Lessons learned for the Red River Delta in developing
agricultural commodity
2.3.3.1. Successful lessons
Firsly, needing to build strategy for products at national, regional
and local levels in association with productive regions.
Secondly, focusing on agricultural mechanization and application
of science ans technology into production so as to raise productivity
and quality of goods
Thirdly, developing cooperative economy in the form of linking and

REAL SITUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF
AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY IN RED RIVER DELTA IN
THE PAST PERIOD
3.1. Achievement and limitation about the development of
agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in the past period
3.1.1. Major achievements in the development of agricultural
commodity in the Red River Delta


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3.1.1.1. The scale of agricultural commodity production has been
expanded, the volume of agricultural commodities has increased to meet
the needs of the domestic market and export.
Firstly, the agricultural production in the localities in the region has
expanded toward the direction of that commodity production is concentrated,
and scale is larger.
Secondly, the volume and the proportion of agricultural products have
increased
3.1.1.2. The productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the
Agricultural Commodity are focused and raised to meet market demand.
Firstly, the productivity, quality and competitiveness of the
products has improved to better meet the market demand.
Secondly, the level and efficiency of production and business
activities of agricultural production subjects in the region has raised.
Thirdly, the economic, social and rural life of the Red River
Delta has improved significantly.
3.1.1.3. The structure of agricultural economy has been
gradually improved in the direction of commodity production,
Firstly, the structure of agricultural products and services has
been improved in the direction of industrialization and

productivity of disposable goods is large, the percentage of exported agricultural
products is about 10%. Disodium, excess of chemicals, preservatives. The
number of productivity is still low, until February 2018, there are 137 new
products in the whole region. The price of productivity is unstable, especially in
the main season. Value of agricultural exports of the region is low, heavily
depend on the Chinese market (70% of export turnover).
,Secondly, the level of trading agricultural products is low, many models
of agricultural production has not escaped from the state of weakness, low
efficiency. Number of agricultural laborers has not trained in the region in
2016, accounting for 91 , 07% of total labor in agriculture. The highest rate of
mechanization in rice production was only 2.9 HP / ha. The number of good
agricultural practice units (VietGap) accounted for 0.85% of the total
agricultural production units in the region. The number of rural households
with the largest income from agriculture, forestry and fishery in 2016
decreased by 10.5% compared to 2011, about 70.5% of cooperative farming
operated inefficiently; The rate of return on capital for production and business
of many foreign enterprises is low. Production linkages between foreign
enterprises and cooperative farming, farmers are lax, unsustainable.
Thirdly, agricultural commodity production hasn’t brought
economic, social and environmental effects, and not really
sustainable. The proportion of households with the highest income
from agriculture, forestry and fishery in 2016 decreased by 10.5%
compared to 2011. The difference in income between the highest
income group and the lowest income group in 2010 is 8.8 times, in


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2016 is 7.9 times. Farmers use fertilizer, pesticide improperly and
cause loss, waste, affecting the quality of agricultural products. The
discharge of untreated waste from livestock farms, slaughterhouses

3.2. Reasons for achievements, limitations and problems arising from
the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta
3.2.1. Reasons for achievements


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3.2.1.1. Objective reasons
Firstly, due to the concern of the Party leadership and the
management of the State, the coordination and guidance of the central
ministries and branches.
Secondly, the requirements of economic integration and liberalization
of international trade have created motivation for agricultural commodity
of the region to develope.
Thirdly, The Red River Delta has potential and strengths to develop
the agricultural commodity.
3.2.1.2. Subjective reasons
Firstly, the determination of the Party and local authorities and
promoting the role of the head of Hanoi City for the task of developing
agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta.
Secondly, promoting the role of economic sectors and economic
organizations in producing and trading productivity.
Thirdly, the application of advanced science and technology to
production has made certain contributions to the development of
agricultural commodity .
3.2.2. Reason for the limitations
3.2.2.1. Objective reasons
Firstly, the development of agricultural commodity in the Red
River Delta is dominated by historical and traditional factors.
Secondly, the agricultural commodity of the region in recent years
has faced with many disadvantages in natural disasters and diseases.

policies to create breakthroughs for agricultural commodity
to
develope.
Fourthly, expanding the market for agricultural products to
create motivation for agricultural commodity of the region to develop.
Fifthly, developing a global value chain linking production with
processing and consumption of agricultural products, increasing
value and quality of agricultural products
Summary of chapter 3
In chapter 3, the author has conducted an analysis and evaluation
of achievements and limitations, pointing out the causes and issues
raised in the development of agricultural commodity in the Red
River Delta in the past period. The research results in this chapter
will be the basis for the author to continue studying and
implementing the contents in chapter 4.
Chapter 4
vVIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL
COMMODITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE RED RIVER DELTA IN
THE PAS T PERIOD
4.1. Viewpoints for agricultural commodity development in
the Red River Delta in the coming time
4.1.1. Developing commodity agriculture in the Red River


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Delta in the direction of modernity and sustainability
The viewpoints set out the following requirements: Firstly,
developing agricultural commodity needs to create a high-tech
agriculture; high manpower; high added value; with large production
scale; Large production and markets. Secondly, agricultural

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4.1.4. Developing agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta must be
based on internal resources, coupled with the efficient mobilization of external
resources.
Requirements of the viewpoint: Firstly, localities in the
Region consider internal resources to play a decisive role for the
development of agricultural commodity of the region. Secondly,
localities should consider external sources as important to increase
local resources for the agricultural commodity development of the
region. Thirdly, combining key investment with socialization of
resources for agricultural commodity development in localities in
the region.
4.2. Solutions for agricultural commodity development in the
Red River Delta in the coming time
4.2.1. Completing the planning of specializing area in agricultural
commodity products and promoting the division of social labor in agriculture
and rural areas
Firstly, continuosly completing and implementing the plan
of specialized production zones with agricultural commodity in
the region.
Secondly, promoting the division of social labor in agriculture
and rural areas
4.2.2. Continously completig the system of machenism, policy to create good
environment for agricultural commodity in localities in the region to develop
Firstly, completing the policy of land.
Secondly, completing the policy of tax, credit and investment in
agriculture
Thirdly,completing the policy of trade and market
Fourthly, completing the support policy on science and
technology

agricultural commodity
Firstly, strengthening to research science and technology in all fields, stages and
processes of agricultural production, giving priority to high-tech agricultural
research.
Secondly, reorganizing the technology transfer system in localities,
encouraging the subjects to apply science and technology into production and
business.
Thirdly, enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of state management of
scientific and technological activities in service of agricultural production and
business in localities in the region.


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4.2.6. Consolidating, strengthening and building new
infrastructure systems to serve the development of agricultural
commodity development in the region
Firstly, continuously reviewing, supplementing, completing and
properly implementing the approved regional planning on infrastructure.
Secondly, mobilizing resources for development of agricultural and
rural infrastructure for the development of agricultural commodity.
Thirdly, enhancing the effectiveness of state management and
strengthening regional connectivity in the development of infrastructure
systems for agricultural commodity development.
Summary of chapter 4
Basing on theoretical studies, practical experiences and the real
situation of development of agricultural commodity in the Red River
Delta in the past period, in Chapter 4, the author has proposed four
viewpoints and six solutions for agricultural commodity development.
the Red River Delta in the coming time.
CONCLUSION

competitiveness of agricultural products; expanding the market to create
motivation for production; re-organizing the production according to the
value chain on the basis of linking the production bases and completing
the planning, mechanisms and policies to create a favorable legal
environment for the development of agricultural commodity .
5.In the coming time, development of agricultural commodity
in the Red River delta will be in line with the orientations for modern
and sustainable development. Comprehensive development focuses on
improving productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the
agricultural products. Development is the responsibility of the subjects,
in which farmers are the foundation, agribusinesses are motivational
and state agencies at all levels have the role of creating and integrating
internal and external sources of power too promote agricultural
commodity in the region to develope. At the same time, the
implementation of solutions: Continuously improving the planning,
promoting division of social labor in agriculture, rural areas;
completing the mechanism and policy on development of
agricultural commodity; reorganizing the production of agricultural
commodity on the basis of bringing into full play the strength and
strengthening cooperation between production subjects according
to the global value chain; accelerating the transfer and application
of advanced science and technology into production and business;
Developing the activities of agricultural services, market and


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development of agricultural and rural socio-economic infrastructure
for the development of agricultural commodity.
6. . K. Marx believed that "social life is practical in nature" [59,
p. 20]. Therefore, the results of this research will contribute more to