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INTRODUCTION
1. Necessity of the topic
President Ho Chi Minh asserted: "No matter what, are made by people,
and from small to large, from near to far, all are." Matsushita Konosuke has
proved that: "Human resources, the key to success". Susan R. Meisinger has
stated: "Human is our most important asset". The above-mentioned
summarized statements, although appearing at different times, cultures are
not the same, have also affirmed the special importance of human resources
for each country, each industry, each organization..
The health sector of Son La province has the responsibility and
mission to carry out health care for more than 1.2 million people in the
province and some provinces of Laos in the border with Son La province.
In order to complete the assigned tasks, the Son La health sector needs to
have a strong enough system with a sufficient health network covering the
provinces and communes, a high quality medical workforce ... Currently
In Son La province, the state management of highly qualified health
human resources is still limited such as: the elaboration and
implementation of master plans, plans on development of the health sector
in general, development of health human resources. High level in
particular has not kept up with development requirements. Some plans
have shown signs of inadequacy, contradiction and lack of feasibility; to
organize the state management apparatus on the development of highly
qualified health human resources, with a lack of concentration and unity;
inspection, operation inspection and handling of violations in the field of
development of highly qualified health human resources, though being
paid attention to directing and implementing, are still sparse, post-bar
handling. checking each time, every place is not definitive; The
effectiveness, efficiency, suitability and sustainability of state
management on the development of highly qualified health human
resources in the province have improved, but there are still many

Realizing that some works and documents have been provided with
relatively complete content and state management tools. In the mentioned
studies, there has been a work on state management of health but it has only
stopped at general institutional management or state management on a
specific human resource aspect. research on state management according to
health human resources associated with occupational characteristics; No
study has fully evaluated and analyzed the scientific basis for state
management of the development of highly qualified health human resources
in localities and specifically in Son La province.
2.3. Comments and research gaps
Through researching the reviewed works, a number of issues have been
specifically addressed:Firstly, there are different approaches to health human
resources in general and the current status of the structure, qualifications of
the global health human resources system, priorities for development and
development policy. in subsequent stages; general policies for health human
resources for developing countries; joint action program of the world to
improve the health system, its mission to improve the capacity of health
workers and improve the quality of healthcare for patients. Content of
management and policies on health human resources in some localities and
regions around the world such as India, Asia Pacific, Africa ...
Secondly, a number of studies have focused on the analysis of the
Vietnamese health system, the concept of human resources for health, the
status of health human resources, including: development status, size and
distribution; recruitment and remuneration policies for health workers in a


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number of localities and regions in the country; The current situation of
health human resources with successes and inadequacies needs to be
addressed, at the same time, forecasting the factors affecting human

recommendations for perfecting state management of highly qualified
health human resources development in Son La province.
From the identified void, the research direction of the thesis is new
with the inheritance and development of a research result from published
works on the principles of state management and human resource
development. International.
Accordingly the research questions of the thesis are identified as: (i) the
scientific basis of state management on the development of highly qualified
health human resources in localities and the status of state management on the


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development of highly qualified health human resources in Son La
Province?(ii) What factors affect the state management of the development of
highly qualified health human resources in Son La?(iii) what should we do to
improve the state management of the development of highly qualified health
human resources in Son La Province?
3. Aims and tasks of the study
3.1. Aims of the study
The thesis proposes major solutions and recommendations with
scientific and practical basis to improve the state management of the
development of highly qualified health human resources in Son La
province, Vietnam.
3.2. Task of the study
Firstly, systematize and clarify the theoretical basis of state management
for the development of highly qualified local health human resources.
The second is to study the experience of state management of highly
skilled human resources in some provinces and cities in Vietnam to draw
lessons for the health sector of Son La province.
Thirdly, conducting surveys and assessing the state management of

health human resources in Son La Province by 2025 with a vision to 2030.
Scope of content: Within the scope of the thesis, a research
framework is formed with a number of key aspects (see Figure 1):
State management on the
development of highly qualified
health human resources in
localities
Contents of State
management on
Development of highly
qualified health human
resources in locality
Organize the
Inspect and
Develop
implementatio
supervise the
strategies,
n of state
development of
master
management
highly qualified
on the
plans, and
health human
development
resources in
foundations
of highly

resources
Effec in localities
Suita
tiven
ess

bility

Sustai
nabili
ty

Objective factor
Legal policy; Health sector development strategy;
Training facility system of health human resources
with high qualifications

Factors affecting state management on development of highly qualified health human
resources in localities

Figure 1: Research framework of thesis
Source: Proposed by postgraduate
5. Research method
5.1. Methods of collecting information
Using the method of dialectical materialism and historical
materialism based on objective phenomena and economic law as the
methodology and are applied throughout the research. Sources of
information and data for the research of the thesis include all secondary



health human resources in Son La province.
- Investigation, survey method: About survey content; objects;
sample size.
5.2. Information processing method:
Secondary data processing: Collected data are sorted by time,
specific content and encoded by subject data and performed analysis
according to specific criteria using method of statistics, analysis,
comparison.
Primary data processing: It is done through the form of quantitative
research (postgraduate gives 529 valid votes in 700 questionnaires) to
analyze and create descriptive statistical data for the scale, rate or rank
(such as: gender, seniority, education level, job position, ...); describe
scales such as the content scale of the state management on the


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development of highly qualified health human resources, the influencing
factors, ..... In summary: By a combination of research methods,
postgraduate has obtained full, multi-dimensional and objective
information on the state management status on developing highly
qualified health human resources in Son La province.
6. Significance of the thesis
6.1. Scientific significance
The thesis has systematized and developed a basic theoretical step on
state management for the development of highly qualified health human
resources in localities, including: (i) establish the concept of state
management on development of highly qualified health human resources
in localities; (ii) develop a theoretical framework on the content and
criteria for evaluating state management on development of highly
qualified health human resources in localities; (iii) identify the key factors

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CHAPTER 1
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND EXPERIENCE IN
STATE MANAGEMENT FOR HIGH-LEVEL MEDICAL HUMAN
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN LOCAL
1.1. Overview of developing highly qualified health human resources
in locality
1.1.1. Highly qualified health human resources
- Definition
+ Medical human resources is a group of people with professional
qualifications and medical ethics suitable to professional characteristics
who directly participate in people's health care activities.
+ Highly qualified health human resources are people with a college
degree or higher, with professional qualifications and medical ethics
suitable to professional characteristics who directly participate in people's
health care activities.
- Classification of highly qualified health human resources: There
are many criteria for classifying highly qualified health human resources,
for each classification criteria are shown as follows: By job title, by route,
by training specialty, by job nature, by qualification, according to source.
In addition, Medical human resources is also classified by gender,
ethnicity, seniority ....
1.1.2. Basic characteristics of highly qualified health human resources
It is a special profession, therefore, it has specific characteristics:
Firstly, highly qualified health human resources carries out work directly
related to people's health, the lives of patients so they should be humane;
Secondly, highly qualified health human resources has its own ethical
characteristics.
Thirdly, highly qualified health human resources carries out work that
requires a lot of labor;

improvement of professional and medical ethics of people directly involved
in health care activities of local people.
- Characteristics:
Firstly, the objectives of State management on development of highly
qualified health human resources
Secondly: The subject of state management depends on political
institutions.
Thirdly: Object of State management on development of highly qualified
health human resources activities.
Fourthly: The content of State management on development of highly
qualified health human resources includes:
Fifthly: Method of management
Sixthly: Management tools
1.2.2. Content of State management on development of highly qualified
health human resources in local
* Content 1: Develop plans and promulgate policies for development
of highly qualified health human resources
- Developing plans, strategies for development of highly qualified
health human resources: A plan sually has vision of 5-10 years. The human
resources development strategy plays an important role as a component of the
socio-economic development strategy, while the strategy for development of
highly qualified health human resources constitutes the development
strategy of the health sector;
- Issue policies to develop highly qualified health human resources:
Policies for developing highly qualified health human resources are listed as:
- Policies to attract, recruit and use highly qualified health human
resources;


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(full-time and part-time training; long-term, short-term and specific
training courses; direct and indirect training.) In addition, forms of selftraining and self-study are also featured).
+ Organization of treatment of highly qualified health human resources:
Two basic groups of instruments: financial and non-financial remuneration.
*Content 3: Examine and supervise the development of highly qualified
health human resources:
- Regarding the content of test and inspection: Examining and
supervising input and output resources of high-level health human
resource development activities.
- Regarding the form of test and inspection: To be held regularly


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according to plans and irregularly.
1.2.3. Criteria for evaluating state management on highly qualified
health human resources in localities
Inheriting from the research of scientists, the criteria for evaluating
"State management on development of highly qualified health human
resources" include:
* Efficiency: Measure the efficiency by comparing the results of the
implementation of state management contents of agriculture and forestry
development and resettlement with the set goals. Determining the
efficiency of state management on development of highly qualified health
human resources is answering two questions: Firstly, are the objectives of
state management for agriculture and rural development, is it correct?
Secondly, how is the implementation of state management on highly
qualified health human resources?
*Effectiveness: The effectiveness of state management on
development of highly qualified health human resources is assessed
through the achievement of the goal with the lowest cost of input

in the context of state management of an area in a locality, when
considering the impact of economic conditions to analyze: (i) The
situation of economic growth in the locality; (ii) Financial resources are
determined for the local health sector; (iii) The proportion of the local
service sector facilitates the development of the health sector.
Secondly, cultural and social characteristics in the locality
Thirdly, capacity of State management officials on the development of
highly qualified health human resources in the locality: All studies on state
management consider the impact of the capacity of state management staff
on state management, indicating that if the state management staff has: (i)
knowledge to meet the requirements of performing functions and duties;
(ii) Skills to meet requirements of performing functions and tasks; (iii)
Qualities that meet the requirements of performing functions and duties;
(iv) Perform functions and duties well; (v) Properly exercising authority ...
positively affecting state management. If the state management officials
are incompetent, lack of accountability will hinder the construction of the
policy.
Fourthly, physical conditions, local medical equipment:
Most
researches on state management have shown the influence of the factor of
science and technology development on the state management; The
effectiveness of state management is strongly influenced by the conditions
of facilities, equipment and the application of scientific and technological
achievements. In the era of technology 4.0, the sustainable development
and development of health depends on grasping and mastering advanced
science and technology so that professional activities are highly effective
and do not fall behind. Therefore, health human resources must promply
adapt to survive.
1.3.2. Objective factors
Firstly, policies and laws of the State: Develop and promulgate

1.4.1. Experience of some localities
Firstly, experience of Quang Nam province: Considering the
following factors: Regarding training policies, attraction policies,
Secondly, experience of Quang Ninh province: Considering some
outstanding solutions such as: (i) Reserving payroll quotas for recruiting
doctors; (ii) Training of Highly qualified health human resources; (iii)
Transfer technical packages and Highly qualified health human resources
for Medical specialties:
Thirdly, experience of Hoa Binh province: (i) About policies to
attract and recruit; (ii) Regarding training policies: Training scale, type of
training and place of training, conditions, criteria of training subjects,
regime of payment of training expenses, training funding.
1.4.2. Lessons learned through study of experiences
Firstly, defining the key viewpoint of Development of highly
qualified health human resources, building a leading team of experts,
preserving ethics is a key factor to improve the quality of Medical
Examination and Treatment. Satisfying and maintaining the trust of the
people, empowering the local health sector to create destinations for
people to always choose.
Secondly, focusing on building a Master Plan for Health Human
Resources Development Program, international integration is a strategic
activity, with both synchronous and key investment and development with
breakthrough, ensuring training, using and coordinating local Health
Human Resources.
Thirdly, concretizing the project with specific policies in accordance
with local conditions and characteristics to develop Highly qualified


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health Human Resources.

- Develop planning, plans and promulgate policies.
- Organize the implementation of State Management for Highly
qualified health human resources development: Organize the apparatus,
execute development of highly qualified health human resources activities
- The situation of inspection and supervision on the development of
highly qualified health human resources in Son La province


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Figure 2.3: Number of inspections, tests of development of highly
qualified health human resources in Son La
Source: Son La Department of Health
2.2.2. Evaluation of the development of highly qualified health human
resources in Son La Province through criteria
Firstly, efficiency: Survey results of the postgraduate’s survey on
"State management’s Effect on development of highly qualified health
human resources in Locality" shows that: The average value is assessed at
a score of 3, 22 out of 5.0 points mean "Neutral".
Secondly, effectiveness: There is an increase in the number but there
is a shortage of Doctors and especially postgraduate doctors and in-depth
specialties; a team of leading experts in a number of fields; human
resource structure by region and field is not consistent with the
regulations; Number of doctors on annual work throughout the province
has not met the health sector development plan. Consider by factors: The
total number of health workers and the increase in the number of healthhighly qualified personnel; Degree of increasing the rationality of each
type of Highly qualified health Human Resources (By title; By prevention
and treatment division, by route); Increased level of capacity of Health
Human Resources (qualifications; seniority).
Thirdly, suitability: The survey results "The appropriateness of state

Thirdly: Innovating management methods
Fourthly: Improve and enhance the coordination among levels, sectors
and entities involved in human resource development
Fifthly: Early establishment of a provincial-level Human resource
Training Council
Sixth: Son La Medical College has an appropriate solution to improve
the quality of training.
3.3.3. Strengthen inspection and supervision on the development of
highly qualified health human resources in Son La province
Firstly, strictly implement the legal system of inspection and
examination in Health activities, management and development of highly
qualified health human resources
Secondly, strengthen the contingent of health inspection officials
Thirdly, strengthening the inspection and regular inspection
Fourthly, publicize and make transparent the information related to
the implementation of Health tasks, strengthen the handling of violations
related to highly qualified human resources.
Fifth, renovate and perfect the information supply and processing
system..
Sixth, control the use of budget and finance
3.4. Proposing solutions to improve subjective factors to facilitate the
completion of state management of the development of highly
qualified health human resources in Son La Province
3.4.1. Improve the capacity of State management officials on the


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development of health human resources in Son La province
Firstly: Research and promulgate standards for state management
personnel on human resource.

grassroots level
Firstly, evaluate the current status of medical equipment at health
facilities.
Second: Review and update the list of essential medical equipment;
building database and equipment.
Thirdly: Supplement and upgrade medical facilities and equipment
for health facilities to ensure the requirements of technical division,
priority of grassroots levels and disadvantaged areas;
Fourthly: Strengthen the maintenance and repair of medical equipment;


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improve the quality of human resources involved in the maintenance and
repair of medical equipment; allocate sufficient funding to the unit for
maintenance and repair of medical facilities and equipment;
Fifthly: Strengthen the province's network of calibration and testing of
medical equipment.
3.5. Some recommendations to create favorable conditions for the
completion of state management of the development of health- high
quality human resources in Son La Province
3.5.1. Perfecting policies and laws in line with changes from environment
and international integration to make a change in state management of
development of health-highly qualified human resource
Firstly, the Government submitted to the National Assembly to
supplement and amend a number of laws related to to renew training and
develop high-quality human resources for the health sector.
Secondly: The Government will soon develop and approve the
Master Plan for the development of the Vietnam Health System by 2025,
with a vision to 2035.
Thirdly, the Government soon approved the Scheme on strengthening

- Arranging and developing the training system of highly qualified
health human resources to create conditions for Son La province and
Northern midland and mountainous provinces
Firstly, ensure the process and strict review, accreditation to ensure
the quality of training for newly established training institutions and
health training institutions in the field of Health Care.
Secondly: Deploying the scheme of arranging and developing a
number of training facilities into the University of Health Sciences. The
model of the University of Health Sciences includes many of its existing
universities in Vietnam like the Hanoi National Universities, Ho Chi Minh
National University, and regional universities in Thai Nguyen and Hue.
Da Nang, has been specified in the Law amending and supplementing a
number of articles of the Law on Higher Education.
Thirdly: Reviewing and selecting the plan to build an investment
project to establish a medical human resource training university at Son
La, providing human resources - high-quality human resources for the
Northwest region and a number of provinces of Laos.
- Comprehensively renovate training programs and improve the
quality of teaching staff at health human resource training institutions
with high qualifications
- Innovatd the comprehensive training program on health sector
- Actively renovate active training methods and invest in facilities
for training human resources for health - with high levels: training
methods and facilities for training.
- Improve the quality of teaching staff to meet innovation at health
human resource training institutions: Develop plans and plans for a
contingent of highly qualified human resources for health human
resources teaching force, Supplementing teaching staff, Developing
policies to attract and use highly qualified health workers, Improve the
quality of life of teaching staff.

examination work in this area remains sparse. The effectiveness,
efficiency, suitability and sustainability of state management on the
development of high quality health human resources in Son La province
still have many shortcomings.
The dissertation has also identified factors influencing the state
management of developing high-quality health human resources; The
impact of these factors on the development of high quality health human
resources in Son La province has been carried out in practice and found
that the impact of these factors is very large.
To overcome the inadequacies of the state management in developing
high-quality health human resources in Son La province, the thesis has
proposed solutions and recommendations to focus on completing the
contents of home management. feasible and practical guaranteed water.
The conclusions of the assessment of the current situation and the
solutions and recommendations proposed in this thesis can be useful for
many other localities with similar socio-economic conditions in the
country to refer and apply.
Despite their best efforts, the research topic is relatively wide and the
research experience of the graduate student is limited, so the research
results are definitely lacking. We hope to receive comments from
lecturers, scientists, colleagues ... so that postgraduate can develop further
research in the future.