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<b>KINH TE </b>

GIAI PHAP GIAM NGHEO BEN V0NG
TREN DIA BAN HUYEN MANG THIT,

TINH VINH LONG
<b>• N G U Y I N VAN M O M E M - LE LONG HAU </b>

<b>TOM TAT: </b>

Nghien cffu ddnh gia thffc h"ang cong tac giam ngheo bin vffng tren dia ban huyen Mang Thit,
tinh VTnh Long. Tren cd sd do, nghien cffu cung da de xud't mot so'giai phdp nham ndng cao hieu
qua c6ng tdc gidm ngh&o ben vffng tren dia ban huyen Mang ThIt, tinh VTnh Long.

<b>Tiif khoa: Gidm ngheo b^n vffng, Mang Thit, VTnh Long. </b>

<i>1. mt vdn de </i>

<i>Giam ngheo bin vffng la mot chu trffdng Idn </i>
ciia Dang vd Nha nffdc nham cai thien ddi sd'ng
vdt chd't va tinh than cho ngffdi ngheo, gop phan
thu hep khoang each chenh lech ve thu nhap va
mffc sd'ng giffa ndng thdn vd thdnh thi, giffa cac
vung, cac ddn tdc va cac nhdm ddn cff. Trong
nhffng nam qua, chffdng trinh giam ngheo da dffdc
<i>ti chffe thffc hien dong bd tff Trung ffdng de'n dia </i>
phffdng, nhd dd ty Id hd ngheo cua ca nffdc ndi
chung, Mang Thit ndi rieng giam xud'ng kha
nhanh. Tuy vdy, ke't qua giam ngheo chffa thffc sff
ben vffng, nguy cd tdi ngheo cao, phdn hda giau
ngheo giffa cdc nhdm ddn cff, giffa thdnh thi va

2013 - 2017. Tff dd de xua't cac giai phdp cu the
nham gidm ngheo ben vffng trdn dia ban huyen
Mang Thit, tinh VTnh Long.

<b>3. Phifcfng phap nghien cihi </b>

Nghien cffu sff dung mot sd' chi so' danh gid
ngheo, giam ngheo va giam ngheo ben vffng cu
the nhff sau:

<i>+ Quy mo vd toe do gidm ngheo: Quy md giam </i>
ngheo (Ne) Id tdng sd' ho ngheo giam dffdc trong
mot giai doan nha't dinh. HC la chi so' dem hd dffdc
xac dinh tren cd sd nhffng hd sdng dffdi chuan
ngheo, tffc la nhffng hd gia dinh (i) cd mffc thu nhap
(yi) dffdi mffc chi tieu td'i thieu (C). Cdn ty Id de'm

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<b>TAPCHiCONGTHirOlNB </b>

hd (HCR,) se la: HCR, = HC,/n, trong dd n la tdng
dan sd'. Td'c dp giam ngheo (PSj) la phan tram thay
ddi trong ty le hd ngheo. Chi sd' nay dffdc xac dinh:

<i>n HCR^ - 1- riCK. , nnr,Y </i>

Ve mat y nghTa, chi sd'Ne cho chung ta ke't ludn
ve quy md, pham vi gidm ngheo cua qud'c gia hay
dia phffdng trong cac giai doan. Cdn Ps,, tff cdng
thffc cd the tha'y day Id mdt tieu chi cd the phan
dnh linh trang giam ngheo ben vffng cua mdi qud'c

ngheo va sdhd ngheo mdi. Do do, khi sdhp ngheo
phat sinh mdi tang len trong khi td'c dp tang ddn so'
dn dinh se ddng nghTa vdi viec ty le ngheo tang
len lam cho qud trinh giam ngheo bin vffng se
kem hieu qua.

<i>+ Quy mo vd ty le ho can ngheo: Quy md hd can </i>
ngheo (An) la sd' Iffdng hd can ngheo tren mdi dja
phffdng trong mpt thdi gian nhat dinh. Ty Id hd can
ngheo (Pa) la phan tram quy md hd cdn ngheo so
<i>vdi long sd hd. Pa: An . 100%. Mffc dp ben vffng </i>

cua qua irinh gidm ngheo phu thudc rd't Idn vao quy
md vd ty le hd cdn ngheo. Cd mffc thu nhap khdng
qua cao so chuan ngheo nhffng nhffng hd can ngheo
lai khdng dffdc hffdng cdc chinh sdch, ffu dai ddnh
cho hd ngheo. Trong qua trinh lao ddng san xua't
cdc hd nay rd't de rdi vao tinh trang ngheo ddi khi
cdng viec khdng on dinh hoac do dieu kien thdi det,
rui ro. Quy md va ty le hd can ngheo cdng thd'p thi
qua trinh giam ngheo cang ben vffng.

Phffdng phap phan tich: Nghien cffu su" dung
mdt sd' phffdng phap phan tich long hdp, phffdng
phdp thdng ke md ta. Dff lieu thff cap dffdc thu
thap tff cac ngudn tai lieu cd sSn nhff cac bdo cao
khoa hpc, hdi nghi, bao chi, internet, cdc nghi
quye't cua Dang cdc cd'p, cac bao cao sd ke't, tdng
ke't, danh gid cua Uy ban nhan dan huyen, Phdng
Lao ddng Thffdng binh vd Xa hdi huyen, bdo cao

2014
2015
2016
2017
H$ nghso
"longscT
3.174
2 497
1.806
1.931
2.980
Tyl$(%)
7,1
5,59
4,02
4,28
6,57

H6 tai ngheo
"iSngso
2
6
8
9
18
Tyl$(%)
0,06
0,24
0,44
0,47

<i>Nguon: Bdo cdo tong ket chuang trinh giam ngheo ben vUng huyen, ndm 2017 </i>
<i>- Ve quy mo vd ty le tdi ngheo: Giai doan 2013 </i>

- 2017 tdng sdhp tai ngheo (43 hd), dffdc do Iffdng
la Pr= 0,026 (%). Tff dd cd th^ thd'y giai doan 2013
- 2017 mffc dp ben vffng ciia hoat ddng giam ngheo
chffa lot van cdn hd tdi ngheo. Do dd cdng tdc gidm
ngheo chffa that sff ben vffng.

<i>- Quy md vd ty Ii phdt sinh ngheo mdi: Giai </i>
doan 2013 - 2017 quy md phdt sinh nghdo mdi
(372 hp) dffdc tinh Pn = 0,82 (%). Tff dd cd the'
Ihd'y giai doan 2013 - 2017 sohd ngheo phat sinh
mdi tang len, trong khi td'c dd tang ddn sd' dn dinh
se ddng nghia vdi viec ty Id ngheo tang len, Idra
cho qud trinh gidm ngheo ben vffng se kem hieu
qua, anh hffdng de'n tinh ben vffng ciia qud irinh
giam nghdo.

<i>- vi quy mo vd ty le ho can ngheo: Giai doan </i>
2013 - 2017 tdng sd hd can ngheo (629 hd) dffdc
linh theo cdng thffc Pa=l,38 (%). TiJ dd cd the tha'y
giai doan 2013 - 2017 mffc do ben vffng cua qua
trinh giam ngheo phu thudc rd't Idn vao quy md vd
ty le hp cdn ngheo. Hd can ngheo cd mffc thu nhap
khdng qua cao so chud'n ngheo nhffng hp cdn
ngheo lai khdng dffdc hffdng cdc chinh sdch, ffu dai
ddnh cho hd ngheo.

<i><b>4.2. Cdc chinh sdch giam ngheo dU^c thtfc hien </b></i>

bao hiem y te ciia Nha nffdc.

<i>- Chinh sdch hd tro giao due ddo tao </i>
Thffc hidn mi§n, gidm hpc phi tff nam hoc 2012
- 2013 de'n nam hoc 2016-2017 cho 24.354 Iffdl hoc
sinh vdi idng kinh phi 3,47 ty ddng; cho hpc sinh,
sinh vien vay ffu dai lai sua'l di hoc sd' tien 98,6 ty
ddng; chi hd trd an trffa cho tre em mdu giao tff 1
- 5 tudi tdng sd' 7.899 tre vdi sd' lidn 948 trieu ddng;
chi phi hoc Idp cho hpc sinh sinh vien vdi long sd'
tien 3,9 ty ddng; van ddng ngudn kinh phi tff cac
doanh nghidp, ca nhdn hd trd hoc sinh nghdo, can
ngheo, khuyd't tat, trd em cd hoan canh dac bidt
khd khan mua sach giao khoa, bdo hiem y te', hpc
bdng cho 11.363 Iffdt em vdi long kmh phi 3,1 ty
ddng. Van ddng ngudn hd trd khuyen hoc, khuye'n
tai, xdy dffng xa hdi hoc lap, lang qua cho hpc sinh
ngheo, vdi tdng kinh phi 9,2 ty dong.

<i>- Chinh sdch hd trcf nhd d </i>

Theo bdo cdo Tdng ke't Chffdng trinh giam
ngheo ben vffng huyen nam 2017 da hd ird 8.621

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<b>l A P CHi CONG THinrNG </b>

Iffdt nhd d cho hd ngheo, can ngheo vdi kinh phi
172 ty ddng. Tao dieu kien cho hd ngheo vay vd'n
tff ngan hang chinh sdch xa hdi huyen tdng kinh
phi 22 ty ddng; iff ngudn van ddng cdc td chffe cd

Toan huyen de'n cud'i nam 2017 cd 12 tram
ca'p nffdc lap trung, vdi 30.022 hd sff dung nffdc
sach dat tieu chud'n, chie'm ly le 66,2% tong sd'
hd. Trong dd, hd ngheo sff dung nffdc sach dat
lieu chuan 1.241 hd, chie'm 50,3% so tdng sdhd
ngheo; hd cdn ngheo 1.420 hd, chie'm 64,66% so
tdng sd' hd can ngheo. Viec khai ihdc cdc tiem
nang tff nhien, dac biet Id sff md rdng cac nganh
kinh te' cdng nghiep, dich vu, du lich, trong dd
vd'n de xff ly cha't thai ran thi trd'n, chd't thai, nffdc
<i>thai cac cd sd y te', cac khu ddn cff dffdc thu gom </i>
vd xff ly Iridtde' dam bao ve sinh mdi trffdng trdn
dia ban huyen.

<i>- Chinh sdch thdng tin truyen thong </i>
Toan huyen cud'i ndm 2017 cd khodng 4.600
may dien thoai cd dinh vd khoang 55.000 may
dien thoai di ddng cdc loai. He thdng Internet phat
trien manh, todn huyen cd khoang 15.000 may tinh
cd ke't nd'i Internet. To chffe thdng tin, tuyen truyen

cdc chinh sach ve vide lam, giam ngheo thdng qua
nhieu kdnh, nhidu phffdng lien thdng tin, truydn
thdng nhff phat thanh, truyen hinh, bdo, tap chi,
gdp phan tang cffdng cung ca'p thdng tin ve chinh
sdch eho cdc nganh, dia phffdng vd nhdn dan trong
dia ban huyen.

<b>5. De xud't mot sd' giai phap nham giam </b>

<i>Dd'i vdi ch& hd cd trinh do hoc vdn thap: Chii hd </i>
cd hpc vd'n thd'p kdo theo mffc dp tiep can cdc dich
vu xa hdi cd ban ciia ngffdi ngheo cdn ra't ban che',
dan de'n chat Iffdng cudc sd'ng khdng dffde dam
bdo, anh hffdng de'n sff phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi
eiia huyen. Vi the' chinh sach gido due, dao lao,
day nghe, ndng cao trinh dp de' cho ngffdi ddn tff
md khda kho tang kie'n thffc cung nhff nhffng tiem
nang phat trien san xud't - kinh doanh. Day manh
tang cffdng cdng tdc tuydn truyen, giao due lam
chuye'n bien nhdn thffc cho ngffdi ngheo trong vide
tff hpc ndng cao irinh dp hpc vd'n, hpc bd tuc van
hda, hpe ehuyen mdn nghiep vu de nang cao kha
nang tie'p can khoa hpe ky thudt trong san xua't de
cung vdi sff hd trd cua Nhd nffdc va toan xa hdi, iff
giai quye't viec lam, nang cao thu nhdp, vffdn Idn
thoat ngheo ben vffng.

<i>Ddi vdi chu ho cd it ddt sdn xuat: Viee thie'u dd't </i>
san xua't dang dan Id'y died hdi ndng cao thu nhdp,
cdi thien cudc sd'ng ciia hp. Uy ban nhan dan
<i>huyen can xem xet dd't cdng d cac xa di giao dd't </i>
d, dd't sdn xud't cho hp dan ngheo trdnh lang phi
quy da't cdng khdng sff dung; quan ly chat che
quyen sff dung dd't theo dung phdp ludl; giai doan
dau dffa hd vao "cdnh dong mdu Idn", hffdng ddn
hd ngheo phat tnen ndng nghiep theo hffdng
chuye'n dich cd cau nang cao gia tri, hieu qud tren
ddn vi dien lich vd tinh de'n phdt trien ben vffng;
giai doan giffa hffdng hd ngheo giam dan trong

hd can ngheo ngdy cdng giam; nhdn thffc ciia
ngffdi ngheo ve iff thoat ngheo ben vffng ngdy
cdng dffdc cdi thien; ngffdi ngheo ngdy cang tie'p
can dffdc cac dich vu xa bdi cd ban; phan Idn ngffdi
ngheo dffdc quan tam hd trd ve vdt chd't va dpng
vien ve tinh than. Chinh vi thd', can phai cd sff
quye't tam cao ciia cdc cap liy dang, chinh quyen,
mat trdn to qud'c, cdc doan the' chinh tri vd toan xa
hdi cung chung tay gdp sffc cho cdng cudc giam
ngheo, tien nhanh de'n giam ngheo ben vffng trdn
<b>dia bdn huydn Mang Thil, linh VTnh Long • </b>

<b>TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: </b>

<i>/. Chi cue Thdng ke huyen Mang Thit (2017), Nien gidm thdng ke huyen Mang Thit 2017, Mang Thit. </i>
<i>2. Nguyen Ngoc Danh, Trdn Tien Khdi (2012), Quan he giUa sinh kevd tinh trang nglieo d ndng thdn Viet Nam, </i>
<i>Khoa Kinh tephdt trien, TrUdng Dai hoc Kinh te'Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh De tdi nghien ciiu khoa hoc cap trUdng. </i>
<i>3. Le Tie'n Dat (2010), Nghiin ciiu md hinh gidm ngheo ben vSng tren dia bdn huyen NhuXudn. linh Thanh Hda, </i>
<i>Ludn vdn thac si Qudn ly Kinh te, Trudng Dai hoc Qudc gia Hd Ndi. </i>

<i>4. Phan Thi Hu^ (2011), Gidi phdp gidm ngheo tai thdnh phd Dd Ndng, Ludn vdn thac si, TrUdng Dai hoc Dd </i>
<i>Ndng. </i>

<i>5. Hodng Trieu Hoa (2012), Chinh sdch phdn phdi vi ngUdi ngheo d Viet Nam, Ludn dn Tie'n si, Trudng Dai hoc </i>
<i>Qud'c gia Hd Ndi. </i>

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<b>lAPCHlCONCTHinilllG </b>

<i>6. Nguyln Thi Nhung (2012). Gidi phdp xda ddi gidm ngheo nhdm phdt trlin kinh ti - xd hdi d cdc tinh Tdy Bdc </i>
<i>Viet Nam. Ludn dn Tien si. Trudng Dai hoc Kinh ti quoc ddn </i>

<b>• NGUYEN VAN MOM EM </b>
Doan Vung Liem District, Vinh Long Province

ABSTRACT:

This study is to assess the current situation of the sustainable poverty reduction activities in
Mang Thit District, Vinh Long Province. Based on the results, this study also proposes some
solutions to enhance the effecriveness of the sustainable poverty reduction activities in Mang
Thit District, Vinh Long Province.

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