
ng
lc hc kt hp vi vi chit pha r
r

 i hc Khoa hc T 
c
Lu: 60 44 27
ng dn: GS. TSKH. Nguyc Hu
o v: 2011 Abstract. Tng quan v t h
chip chng lc hnh
p chng vi chit pha r
c nghim: ch to
thit b vi ching ph trong; kh  dng c
dp chu v thit b chi
kim rng ph trong; s  dng trong thit b vi ching; kim
vi chii ht khp
cht Btex trong m th
thut cg s 
trong mc.

Keywords. ; c; ; ; ng
lc hc; Chit pha rn

Content

-               nh
c.
-   i ph  h kh thi, d         
 d
-        u trong vi     
c thi ti mt s  i.

NG QUAN
1.1. GII THIT H
1.1.1 Cu tt cp ch

Bt s t c

STT

Benzen
Toluen
Etylbenzen
m-Xilen
1
  
t
C
6
H
6
C
6
H
5

760mmHg
80,1
110,6
136,2
139,1
5
y
(
0
C)
5,5
-95
-95
-47,9
6
T trng (g/cm
3
)
0,8765
20/4
0,8669
20/4
0,8670
20/4
0,8642
20/4
7
 n cc
3,0
2,3

Ghi chú: “-”: không có số liệu
* Ứng dụng và nguồn phát thải các hợp chất hiđrocacbon thơm nhóm BTEX
c s dng
trong rt nhin xuy da, dt vi, thuc bo v
thc vt lo ng
c
ng rt ln xu dn ph
d ng s 
khi ng vp th 
 bng nhing, qua da trong thc
hoc cc b.
i s n mnh m ca khoa ht trong s d
lii mnh m 
ng s phn x 
thi ra hou qun ca m
ln chuy
dng, m  
cht rt d 
1.1.2 Gii hp chc
Bng 1.2: Quy chun Vit Nam v ch    ng v    
(QCVN 01-2009/BYT)
Cht
Benzen
Toluen
Etylbenzen
Xilen
N  t    
-
6


400
1.000

ng tuyng phc phn triu (ppm), ca m
phn nguy hi trong cht thng tuyi (H
tc
ng cht thi nguy
hng tuyi
+ N  (mg/l) ca mn nguy hi trong dung dch sau
 cht thi khi tinh chun b mu b
ching n t (C
tc
ng cht thi nguy hng
t [7, 8].
i, s m cp ch
n th nhi n
ng sng ca nhiy, cng bi
hu hi hn ch s t cng.
P CHT

Vip cht hu
sinh hc li v
- p ch 
- N p chng ng nhn
- n mng phc tp
Hin nay, ch  hp th hng ngoi ( UV- c s d
p chn chun b m  
hp vi mt s hp cht nht nh, kh ng vi nhin ch. Vic
c, tp trung m tiy mu thc t hoc tm


cht cu m u. Hiu qu cng
vic gia nhii pH cho mu hoc gin KGH mu.
* Kĩ thuật vi chiê
́
t pha rắn ma
̀
ng kim rỗng phu
̉
trong (HNF-ME)
c ct vi ching ph  ci tin ct
vi chit pha rng (s dng sc kim loi ph pha 
chit d cu t cht t ng cha ch
mc ph a mng hp kim
 (c 0,2-p ch t
c bin nhit HNF-ME, vic la ch 
 c t ng yu t  mang li hiu qu
t. So vt vi chit pha rng, s ci
tim khc phc mt s  i nh i
hn, gc tip vi m bn ca thit b i nh
d g d b hng [3, 14, 26, 36, 38].
c ph a mng vi m 
nhng cha m ng hoc KGH mu
lng, KGH mu rn Thc hi cho mt phng mc
tii my, nh ng thp ph
p th (gp thu) ct tr
bng h ng cht vi ching
 c gii hp bi
nhit khi c
mh  dng [24, 34, 48].
Kt hp vt pha rn s dng si ching lc

Mn thay th cho mn b
  ng lc hc ca vi chit pha rt
uy quan h ging cht chi u ca
ch c s d d c nghim
tu kin chi
ng lc hc ca vi chit pha r
t pha r thuc: pha l
  mt, b mt l mi b mt
   chuyn kh   khu          
c biu th bnh lut Fick th nht ca s khu
 ng chuyn kh
(1.3.1)
  l i, bng t l  
i vi s chuyn khng. D
1
 
2
 s khua ch

g
 ch
f

 chng chc
b  l chit SPME s i t l 
kh
(1.3.2)
  mt c
S khua ch
1

t SPME b . N ch
cn kit do s hp th SPME, chng s  
Ti b mt lng lc ca s bc t pha l 
lch n  ng. Gi C
0
g
 
ca chng. Lng lc ca s ch
g
0
 C
g
. T l
c gi  thun vi C
g
0
C
g
t trn
nh, t l i  b mt l b m, t l 
s bng t l 
(1.3.5)
 ng s t l  thuu yu t, din
 mu kin khuy ca pha lng. Gi C
s
 ca ch
l
1
ng s ng phn ca chia pha la


s
C
g
 hng C
0

kt qu 
(1.3.12)
 ng vi 2 bi   
c gii vu kiu sau: khi t = 0, n = 0.
(1.3.13)
Pi vng lc hc c
 hin mc tip ging chi
u C
0
 t mi quan h t l thun tuyi thi gian ly
mu t k t  
(1.3.14)
 hing tng phn. Gi
(1.3.15)
 
(1.3.16)
Mp s c s d 
s hp th c mt rc suy ra t 
ng lc hc ca s chuyn khi  hai b mt c  
m    thu s chuyn
khi, hng s t l ng s  c va h th
 t t. Mi quan h t l thun
trc tip gi
0

Th  thn tr gin c
-12
 
t hin t  c sinh ra trong ngn l-
khit. Khi ch a ra t cn la nh nhit
  b gy mch, b  oxi c  
ng h
C
6
H
6

6CH + O
2

+
+ 6e
-

1.5.1.Gii hn
Gii h thp nht (x
L
) ca ch
h th
L
u ca mu trng
n nn [22].
Hình 1.3: Sơ đồ khối thiết bị sắc kí khí
T
.

1
()
1
b
n
b bi b
i
b
S x x
n




(1.5.3)
y
.
B
B
L
kS
xx
b

(1.5.4)
Mu trc chun b vi n ch
B
i h
hi


b


(1.5.6)
1.5.2. Gii hng
Gii hc xem  thp nht (x
Q
) ca ch
c v
Q
ng v
hiu ca mu trng nn [22, 33].

.
QB
B
y y K S
(1.5.7)
i h

10.
B
Sa
LOQ
b


(1.5.8)

2: 













 ,  : 30,8mm; 





 : 0,52





 :
t s ch 
 m ta ra x            
diclometan, n-hexan. Sau khi ra sch b chun b tm kim.
2.2.2. 








 

 ng
  

  c nghi
i kt qu quan t 
2.2.3.  


 (



 ) 



 ch c
 c pha s   i mt n    
polihidromech pha
n m

 












 , ti












 .
 
 c nghim (3.1). T 
kt qu 
tr n ct qu kh 
ng n t n 0,3g/ml c

6594
7296
5
13421
13844
10940
12743
7
20635
20221
16943
19426
10
25213
24090
19368
21252
13
29268
27338
21409
24294
15
29942
28039
21740
24835
20
29938
28025

24820
2
29564
28213
21776
23719
3
29785
28024
21788
23976
4
29985
29034
21261
24965
5
30346
28209
21822
25813
6
30435
29278
22710
25898
7
29887
28217
21125

24725
14
30231
27836
21813
24036
15
30875
28095
21887
23902

 HP CH
MC
u ki
a) Điều kiện phân tích sắc kí khí của các chất nhóm BTEX
    200
0
C; t        
 
 t mao qun: Ct SPB-50: 30m x 0,25mm x 0,25   
a ct dn c c ca
 : nhi u 60
0
C, gi 15

0
C vi t 20
0
  

158
392
147
0,1
359
268
656
313
0,3
1248
741
2164
947
0,5
1989
1293
3870
1733
1
4194
2573
7504
3563
3
12320
8075
22659
11053
5
20401

8000
10000
12000
14000
Duong chuan halmiton cua toluen
Y = A + B * X
Parameter Value Error
A -2.82274 47.32021
B 2633.04112 21.05647

R SD N P
0.99984 96.97252 7 <0.0001

dien tich pic
luong chat (.10
-10
g/lit)

ng chu c
ng chu  
mc kt hp vi st qu u kin tc kho
c v n b u
kiTh ch m 
mui Na
2
SO
4
, gi  nhi 
0
C, khuu vi t t

3016
3099
2240
2487
1,00
5804
5930
4663
5093
2,00
11608
11727
8730
9623
5,00
29020
27831
22384
23502
10,00
58040
56067
42954
45439

p cht s mc tht
c ly t nguc thi cng sn xu
dt bao gm: BTEX-1: M c thi t    ng h     
khong 20m); BTEX-2: Mc t cc cc-Vic
p Vit Nam; BTEX-3: Mc thi t ng dt-t 8-ng

t pha rc s dng nhng thit b i chi
t lt thit bp phi nhng hn ch chung ct vi
chit pha r ch to thit b vi chit pha rng
ph trong mt loi kim y t ng bng hp kim
ng 
bi   ph lp
 chc chn. Na vic s dng s
trong c thy rng: st si nh 
 d n, d ki ti
n v mt kinh t u qu s dng. M ma kim ln
 hp ph cc chc nhi c
i vi nhng mu vi n thc ph l
tr m c tip vng mu. My, vi
chit pha rng ph trong (HNF-ME) l tin
t pha rng, bng ving nhiu l
ng nhiu lng cha mc tivi
 tc thi ca ch
c thit lp, nh v n tht tng ca
c n thi gian chun b m 
 ng mu c 
 sau:

          

 DNG TRONG THIT B VI CHING PH
TRONG
3.2.1. Ngc la ch ng





 





 vt liu
 dng trong ct sn). 











 , 

+  n li vi mi cht hoc mt ct
nh.
 n li v thuu t 
c c ng v c ng c 
cc chnh nhi 
n yu, lc Van der Wals.
            25
0
C
bng 1 g/cm
3
 c y p ch c
yu hoc. Qua kh ng cn hiu qu vi
chii hiu qu vi chit tt.
  
p ch
  trong trong kim vi chit
Vit mt s c
rt quan tr  u t quynh
n hiu qu ct la ch i gian vi chit, gii hn ca
c kha ch  tht
cn thi chung cho vic la chng
s  (K) cu t cng s ng
  c nhiu, t trng
[4, 36, 38, 47].
V m  ng cht chic nhi
i hn c i vu
thc t c chp. M
dng mu cc hi i
n gii h mang li mc tin to l

t loi loc ph t kim rng nh 
 thu dung dng pha  
trong ca kim rng.

I HT KH
c ci hp bi nhit   i
cc li ct
h d to thit b vi chi
rng ph   nh a kim nh, d n
 a kim b hn ch nhiu. Th 
(khong mu ti
khi vi ching m ti i gian
 i n 8cm, khi gii hp nhit ti
c 
u, dn vic gii hp ct kh
gii hp b y ra sai s.
 ch to trong vi chi 
 li hp nhi 
i hp di
 a kim ng gia nhi i hp c
chc di

P CHC
c
T kt qu khu t t vi chit trong KGH mu lng kt hp
v- 
c ch 

p chc

V c, kt
qu dng chu c ch  bng 2.5. T  liu biu din s ph
thuc ca di ca chu lng chun
  s hi quy ca tng chn mm Origin
6.0 n

Thiết bị vi chiết pha rắn màng
kim rỗng phủ trong với:
- pha tĩnh
polimetylhydrosiloxan

30000
40000
50000
60000
Duong chuan phan bo cua benzen
Y = A + B * X
Parameter Value Error

A 120.27698 42.07255
B 5787.45636 9.753

R SD N P

0.99999 87.54562 7 <0.0001

dien tich pic
nong do ban dau (.10
-6
g/lit)

ng chu ca benzen trong mc

0 2 4 6 8 10
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000

LOD cm trong khong 0,005-
-1
, h s bing RSD trong
khong 2,02-4,61%.
ng s 
bt HF-t hp vi s
Kt qu cho thy, gii h  n LOD c      ng 0,06-

-1
, h s u trong khong 112- s bing 6,5-11,4% (n=5) 



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Nu thc hin trong luc tin nh
pht chun b mu mi s d
 nhng kt qu  t s kt lun sau:
1.  ch tc dng c vi chit pha rng n, hiu qu i vi
vip cht h
2. p cht h
ng lc hc di quan h tuya n u ca ch
ng cht chit c.
3.  
c thi thc t ca mt s 
i.
Qua tht qu n thy SP
ri hn thp (c 10

7. n Vit Nam TCVN 5938: 2005 (xut bn lChất lượng không khí- nồng
độ tối đa cho phép của một số chất độc hại trong không khí xung quanh”.
8. n Vit Nam TCVN 5940: 2005 (xut bn ln 2), “Chất lượng không khí- Tiêu
chuẩn khí thải công nghiệp đối với một số chất hữu cơ”.
9. Trnh Th Thanh (2003), “Độc học môi trường và sức khoẻ con người”i hc
Qui.
10. Nguyn Anh Tun, Nguyc Hu, Trn Mu ch to kim
t pha r t s Tạp
chí phòng chống sốt rét và các bệnh ký sinh trùng (s 4), tr.59-65.
11. PhSắc kí khí cơ sở lí thuyết và khả năng ứng dụng
Qui, 264tr.
12. Trn M“ Nghiên cứu phát triển phương pháp vi chiết kết hợp với sắc kí
khí phân tích hợp chất hữu cơ bay hơi”, Lu
Ting Anh
13. Berg Fohn R. (1997), ''Method and device for solid phase microextraction'', United
States Patent 6164144.
14.        -phase microextraction/gas
chromatographic/mass spectrometric assay for the quantitative determination of
some of the main odorants causing off-flavours in wine”, Journal of
Chromatography A, 1141, pp.1-9.
15. 
of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in air and water with solid-phase
Analyst, 118, 1501-1505.
16. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (1985), 65th, CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton,
Florida.
17.       
preparation for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in air and water
, Journal of Chromatography A, 1153, 130-144.
18.            
toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in indoor air at environmental levels using

           
samples by gas chrom     J. Petroleum &
Coal, ISSN 1337-7027, 47, (3), pp.49-53.
28.           
    Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 69,
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29. -Phase Microextraction and Related
      School of Pharmacy,
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, Anal Bioanal Chem, 396, pp.339-364.
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