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VIN ĐO TO SAU ĐI HC
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TIU LUN TRIT HC
Đ ti 01:
SỰ TƯƠNG ĐỒNG V KHÁC BIT GIỮA TRIT HC PHT
GIÁO V TRIT HC VEDANTA Ở ẤN ĐỘ THỜI CỔ ĐI
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LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
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3. Về kinh tế:
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4. Về chính trị :
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II. Triết học Ấn Độ cổ đại:
1. Đặc điểm triết học Ấn Độ cổ đại :
Trước hết67<4=7&'P5?E+?75L57<4=7&''uSW5Ua5*E"5'X$5f5*
7U7Ua5*7J5*48%4f$7<4=7&'I+7J5*48%<P7G#C5T4\7U7Ua5*7<4=7&'
…5*4PSO$S'8'Ez5*4S,L5T36'C5EZ7c4\5RS$T?G45^B$6#$54O$BS,
54^567J5*48%'X$P5?'g@F4'bSU"5*hU"5*5?4h'HGJ5*#W4hU"5*
5*%F4h5U7J5*48%#U`5*C,iIK,6bSU"5*7<?4'X$'8'\7Y5*7<4=7&'{
7J5*48%P5?@LS7K#7<S5*EZ*4W4I+7j'+55f5*IP5@ề nhân sinh quan
dưới góc độ tâm linh tôn giáo nhằm đạt tới sự "giải thoát" 7H'E+@F77"4Oj@25*
5P77457V5'85C5I"47457V5IM7<Ns17$5I+.<$$5x
Thứ hai, '8'5+7<4=7&'7U]5*G=7N'+GJ5**F7T•\7Y5*7<4=7&''
7<U"'
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h735GJ5*h6@|@Y4EK#hGJ5*hI+h'h6RS,'84h'hIL'84hGJ5*h7c4\5
?77<i5@?7UBS,7<kS7Uo5*'$%
2. Các trường phái triết học Ấn Độ cổ đại:
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7+5$47]4Gm7]4Gm†@$sG%W5*'SY474^554^5G‡@=57=G‡7<U"'
J5**S,^5xI+7]4Gm'g@4c56$,7]4GmK7*48%6.+E$J5*48%s7k7=G‡
  @=5  7=  G‡    7<U"'  J5*  *S,^5x
a. Triết học thời kỳ Veda:
45|B$E+5f5*T?G45'g5P7'X$>5?I+'X$5C5E%F4E+
?7T?O8'7SEUo7P7'W5f5*'CS'$B$%6Iu5#q65f5*7U7Ua5*6RS$5
@4c65f5*7K#7N'6Ez5*4'X$54LST?EF'5*U]41<,$
fVedaT_75*S257k'Q57jhI4Bh65*ˆ$@|5E+h7<47H'h6h4cST4=7h
'M5*@Uo'Bn5*'S5*I"45*ˆ$E+h785G45h6E+hOjO85*OSY7'$%
5P7h7c54|B$E+?778'#…7g5*o#6'735Œ5o#I+'54LS

@Ai57+5'8'#C5'4$'735'P77<S,L57Y5*7P7'W'8'7<U]5*#84
7<4=7  &'  7+5  $4  #84  '35
•Phái triết học chính thống (Astika)7k$5K5S,7=7Y4'$%'X$G45
|B$6@F%.+E$J56T$%*2•7<U]5*#84'35E+9$G,$6(,$,$6‰
$4O^O4G$6    4$O$6    %*$  I+  •  |B$57$
•Phái triết học không chính thống (Nastika)T8'T•S,7=7Y4'$%'X$
G45|B$6@F%.+E$J5*2‰7<U]5*#84'35E+98'7<U]5*#847<4=7
&'IJ7V56BS,IK77<%5*#%5*7<+%"4@„47jB%7U7Ua5*aJ5*P5I+
7<U]5*#847<4=7&'BS,IK774^ST4cS!%G$,$7$$,'X5*ˆ$BS,IK7G%84
EF'$<I$G$w(K7*48%I+‰F%‘$45$
<k7<U]5*#84!%G$,$7$E+7<U]5*#847<4\7@cBS,IK76IJ7V56'„57P7
'W'8'7<U]5*#84G8'@LS$5*735'P75u5*S,^5ESK5$,74=S7<4\7@c
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC <$5*•
CHƯƠNG 2: KHÁI QUÁT VỀ TRIT HC PHT GIÁO V TRIT HC
VÊĐANTA THỜI CỔ ĐI
I. Triết học Phật giáo:
1. Điều kiện ra đời:
>5?E+'845J4@VS74^5'X$K7*48%K7*48%E+?77<U]5*#847<4=7
&'{7J5*48%bSP74\5I+%G%W5*'SY47=G‡7<U"'J5**S,^5a4L5
._'P5?6#3$$BA,,$E$,$6In5*T4^5*4"4*4f$P5?I"4^#$54\5
5$,F%K76@A<$@]4I+#877<4c5<j'<•G%W5*7=G‡7H
K7*48%<$@]4B%5S'VS#877<4c5bA?46'N7cE+*4W4RS,=7CS
7Sp5*4f$'8'*4$4'P#5*+,'+5*G_'5*4\77<%5*bA?4>5Eq'TP,*4]
J5*a@CSOj#C5'4$*4$4'P#EF4B4z5<$B$4Br5*I+G_'5*4\75Ua>5
?
tA?4>5?'4$7+5@}5*'P#I"4@u$IuI+RS,L5Eo4G8'5$S
@H5*@VSE+7Q5*Ef6G=@=5E+RSZ7?'6O$S@E+Ti5BC57jB%I+'SY4'n5*E+
5JE\vS$5\*4f$5f5*@}5*'P#5+,'5f5*RS,@u5<P75*4^5*D76
*4$4'P#5JE\Tu@+58#6T'E?768#TH'@=57K5'n5*
\7Y5*'8'RS$5\#C5T4\7@}5*'P#=7OH'+G_'@A7F%5^5I=7

7U]5*h
F7<nhJ5*AhT$%+7U7Ua5*'%<•5*6IF5IK77<%5*IM7<N'‹E+
Ojh*4Wo#hB%?4@X5C5BS,^55^57+5<$h'hs7257F4x*$,TW57C5Oj
7257F4'X$7j'7c'%55*U]4'M5*B%5C5BS,^5G=7o#I+@Uo'7F%7+5
Ta4$47+5#V5E+7cb8'sS#${O_'xI+7457V5sC${B$5x6B%Ojo#
7$5'X$5*MS…5sO_'{7N{7Ua5*{+5{7H'x-S,^5o#5*MS…57iE+7$6
BS,^57$55*MS…5<$7iGJ5*'„5E+7$6E+B4\765U5*GJ5*#W4E+P7@4+
E+7<aEF4I"45*MS…5*$,'8',=S7Y'X$5*MS…5'M5*ESJ5T4=5$7|%ESK7
5C5RSWGJ5*5*k5*5^5IF5IK76'%55*U]4'HT4=5$IN7P76IN7'„56
GJ5*'OjIK7<4^5*T4\77257F4A4A46GJ5*''847J47U]5*@u5s15{
17$5x
F7<nhJ7U]5*h*_5E4L5I"4#F7<nhIJ5*AhhJ7U]5*h5*ˆ$
E+IM7<NE+IJ7X,6IJ'S5*wIF5IK77<%5*7=*4"4'‹E+B„5*T4=5$IJ
7U]5*6IJ@u5GJ5*B%?7Iu7V55+%7F%5^5'Ww7P7'W@LST4=5@g47|%
ESK75C5RSW67|%RS87<i5O4567<N6Bu6B4\7s$,7+567<N6%F46GJ5*xI+
'‹'OjT4=5$P,E+7U]5*fSP7'W&4OjIK764\57Uo5*7257F47<%5*
IM7<N@LSTu'4#Y4Ta4ESK75C5BS,^5845C5s|7Sx5]''84BS,^5
s#<$747,$x"4O45<$@Uo'+7+5RSWs#E$xvSWEF4B%'84BS,^5+7+5
<$5C5G8'65C5G8'EF45]'BS,^5+7+5RSW"4I+'HT4=5@g4
A4A4
iGJ5*5K57H'@Uo'OjT4=5W%IJ7U]5*@5^55*U]47$5V
7Ua5*E+'847J47257F4A46'84*i'M5*E+'X$7$5^5'%55*U]4'HG878467$
BN'6+5@?5*'4=@%F75•7•$A55f5*$SY56BN'I&5*@7F%
<$5f5*G=7RSW6*C,5^55*4\#T8%sG$<$x6_'I+%TcGg7<4L54^5sO$
{O$<$x7H'E+_'I+%G4=#ESC524
b. Nhân sinh quan:
k$5K5RS$554\h!SC524hI+h*4\#h7<%5*#$54O$B6K7*48%
@D'T4\7'q7<&5*7<4=7EZ5C5O456@D7N'74^S7iG4=Oj*4W47%87'%
'q5*O45G•4I„5*ESC52465*4\#T8%@c@F77"47<F5*7847257F44=7T+5
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC <$5*’

• Nhân quả
C5E+5*S,^55C56RSWE+G=7RSW845C55]''84BS,^5"4O45
<$@Uo'+7+5RSWvSWEF45]'BS,^5+7+55C5G8'65C5G8'EF4
5]'BS,^5+7+5RSW"4[H7=5Y45$SIJ'n5*IJ7K5+7=*4"46
IF5IK76SJ5E%+46'HO45O456%8%8A4P7'W@LS7|%ESK75C5RSW
T4=5@g4GJ5*5*k5*I+'‹'OjT4=5%8P,E+Iˆ5I4z5C5RSWE+?7
@u5ESK7'X$7P7'W&4OjIK7
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC <$5*“
• Nghiệp báo v luân hồi
*4\#'f#F5E+$<$E+'84B%KSRSWI4\'E+'X$7$6B%+5@?5*
'X$7C57c7$E+d7C55*4\#ewKSRSW'X$5f5*E]454'X$7$E+dG…S
5*4\#e6KSRSWB%Z5*ˆ'X$7$*C,5^5E+dZ5*4\#eP7'W5f5*7C5
5*4\#6G…S5*4\#6Z5*4\#E+B%7$7$BN'+7+56B%7$SY57%WA5
7$I&5*'X$i5*C,5^5*4\#T8%EZ*4W4'Q55*S,^55Œ4Gga@]4'%5
5*U]4S?'@]4'%55*U]4E+Oj*85'uSKSRSW'X$5*4\#@U`5*7]4I+
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@]4E+Oj7g5*o#'X$'8'5*4\#*C,<$7<%5*4\57F4'?5*I"4'8'5*4\#*C,
<$7<%5*RS8GH65RS,=7@u5@]4O$SbPS$,7Y7674\5$,8'
!SC524'f#F5E+$O$<$6'5*ˆ$E+T85b|RS$,7<„5K7*48%
'%<•5*6O$SG4?77cb8'O45IK75+%@'=77iE4525OŽ78'<$G•4
7cb8'I+@VS7$4I+%?7O45IK7G8'5K#I+%?77cb8'G8's'7cE+
'%55*U]46E%+4IK77K'3'•'C,xŒ4'q5*7$@LS@A7<W4RS$+5*5*+5
+5*IF5'S?'@]46'‹5f5*5*U]47S+5@_'@F%6@Uo'I+%'ƒ4K7"4
7%87G•4ESC524q5*O455+%'U$@Uo'*48'5*?6@LS#W4ESC524A4
A47<%5*TcGgH7=A4B%G=7RSW6RSWT8%+5@?5*'X$5f5*G4=#
7<U"'*C,<$'M5*E+'8'EZ*4W4'Q55*S,^55Œ4Gga@]4'%55*U]4
• Giải thoát v phương pháp để giải thoát
4W47%87E+'PBH7%+57%+5'8'5*S,^55C5Bp5@=5O457y67%87<$
G•4!SC524I+@F74=7T+5
4=7T+5'7c@Uo'4cSE+Oj'PBH784BN'$,Ei$T•84BN'68'‹

7U7Ua5*'X$#$54O$76@U$<$'8'G4=5*4W4O4^Si5I+BS,7CIL5*S,^55C5
i57+57=*4"4sIM7<NI+IF5IK7x
<U]5*#847<4=7&'^@$57$i57+5I+%G%W5*7=G‡@=57=G‡
7<U"'J5**S,^5RS$i57H''q*4W467U]5*7SK7|B$I+#$54O$B'n$
.$B$<$,$5$7<%5*T?G45.<$$5{S7<$O5g474=5**2 'CS'C5*J5I+
5f5*'CS7`IL7<4=7&'^@$57$$S@$SB$#$B$s7=G‡O$SJ5*
*S,^5x'q*4W4'8'OS7<$@6BF,#V5T37<S,L567H'#V57<4=7EZO4^Si5'X$
&'7S,=7@'%%I45B$6%I45B$EF4BF,'%$5G$<$%W5*5Q’’{’(;
O$SJ5**S,^5@Uo'$5G$<$s$,'„5*&4E+$5G$<$'$<,$x@AO%F5<$T?'q
*4W45g474=5*6'W5Ua5*OCS<?5*7<%5*Eu'Oy7U7Ua5*>5?6@E+T?
^@$57$%7"45*+,5$,67<4=7\|B$57$6Ip5W5Ua5*<P7T$%RS87I+OCS
O_'
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Vedantasutra67<%5*@''W5f5*7EUo''8''S?'7<$5ESK5B4z5<$a5f5*
7]4Gm7<U"'5
•8'#….<$$5{S7<$@Uo''%4E+G45@4c5'X$|B$57$65U5*5?4
BS5*  GJ5*  <ƒ  <+5*6  G8  `  2  5^5  '  54LS  '8'  *4W4  73'  G8'  5$S
LO$S#84|B$57$'uSOj#^#85F5Ž'X$'8'7<U]5*#84G8'6Ii
IK,65@AGJ5*@H5*If5*7<U"'EK#7<U]5*BS,7C5P75*S,^5'X$i5
$5*7]47<S5*@F465@A'S,c5BV5O$5*EK#7<U]5*5u5*S,^5-nIK,65Ip5
E+'`Oa7<4=7&''X$*48%EZ@F%.+E$J5)45@S
3. Các nét đặc trưng của triết học Vêđanta :
<4=7EZ'Q5TW55P7'X$|B$I+5#$54O$B+^@$57$EP,E+'`Oa'%
&'7S,=77<4=7&''X$i5@E+7U7Ua5*'%<•5*TW5'P7OCSb$'X$&4'84
7257F467k@IF5IK77<%5*IM7<N5W,O45I+„$5K#ILI"45G474^S7$56@E+
E4525IM7<N7Y4'$%.<$$5|%Z5*ˆ$5+%@6.<$$5@Uo'b|E+
5*S,^55C5'X$7=*4"4
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC <$5*99
8'ESK5*4W4'W5Ua5*E"55P7E+h7S,=7|B$57$5P75*S,^5hE+
7<4=7&'5P75*S,^5ESK5BS,7C'XRS$5'%<•5*

•%55*U]4ESC5246@VS7$47kG4=#5+,O$5*G4=#G8'6=77C5b8'5+,
@=57C5b8'G8'
{&4IF5IK77<%5*7=*4"4@LST4=5@g4IK5@?5*GJ5*5*k5*
II. Sự khác biệt giữa triết học Phật giáo và triết học Vedanta:
1. Quan điểm về thế giới quan:
• Phật giáo:
X5K57U7Ua5*IL@P5*7Y4'$%.<$B$5I+'%<•5*IM7<NE+Oj
d*4Wo#eB%?4@XBS,^5+7F%5^5F5IK77<%5*7=*4"4'‹E+B„5*
T4=5$IJ7U]5*6IJ@u5GJ5*B%?7Iu7V55+%7F%5^5'W67P7'W
T4=5@g47|%ESK75C5RSW
• Vêđanta:
t|@P5*7Y4'$%.<$B$5E+'S?45*S25'X$&4OjIK74\57Uo5*6
4\57C5I+7F%5^5
2. Quan điểm về nhân sinh quan:
• Phật giáo:
vS$5\*4f$5*U]4I"45*U]4@LSTi5@}5*5U5$S6GJ5*'Oj
#C5T4\7@}5*'P#a@C,H'K7a<?5*'857$,*4W47%87'%7P7'W
&45*U]4GJ5*#C5T4\7RSZ7?'$,5JE\6[
%<•5**4W47%877H'E+7<F5*784@]4OY5*7457V5'X$'%55*U]4
IUo7<$G•4&4Oj<+5*TS?''X$7=*4"45N'BN'6E+OjdB4\7e=7&4
BN'I&5*I+@F77"4'W57<34=7T+5I"4'847C7S,\7@Y47$57ˆ56T•5*
TIU LUN MÔN TRIT HC <$5*9‰
'%5@U]5*7SES,\5@F%@H'*4f5*4^*4"4ESK7I+7SES,\57<47H'674L5
@u567j'5*4\7CE45
• Vêđanta:
<U]5*#845+,@F4B4\5'%7V5*7Q5*Ef67Y5*7<u5^5GJ5*'Oj
Ti5@}5*f5*5*U]47S?'*4$4'P#BU"4#W47SC57X5*4^5*D7I+
#W47457Ua5*7S,\7@Y4I+%Oj$5T+45+,7C5#K5'%55*U]4GJ5*@Uo'
7J57<&5*5U5$S65f5*5*U]47S?'*4$4'P#7<^57i@Uo'7J57<&5*
7S,\7@Y46'„55f5*5*U]47S?'*4$4'P#BU"4@Uo''%4E+5f5*Gl5JE\

vSY'4$)jK7
‰ -%A535s(;99x6Veda Upanishad - Những Bộ Kinh Triết Lý Tôn Giáo
Cổ Ấn Độ6t.35<uvSY'4$)jK7
 !u'Oy7<4=7&'s7K#7c78'*4W<V5i5W%6*S,z5.i5
^56Y4$56*S,z5Q5Hx
 <$5*  ~|T 77#::~~~7SI4|5%$O|5%<*:-—9{(—({“—{9;“• — { ;—•{
9—9{•;—9{9—9 {9:
• <$5*~|T77#::~~~RS$5*BS''%:'%T$5{(:‰‰ *4$%E,7<S5*B$%7E
 <$5*~|T77#::~~~RS$5*BS''%:'%T$5:;•7SB|7E
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