PHRT
HUV
Vni
TRO CUR CONG DONG TRI THI/C NGITDI VICT O DONG RU
TRONG BOI CANH
IVIOI
Cac nudc Ddng Au nhu Ba Lan, Cdng
hda Sec (Tiep Khac trudc day) va Hungary da
chinh thirc thiet lap quan he ngoai giao vdi
Viet Nam tir dau nhiing nam 50 cua the ky
XX. Trong sudt thdi ky dau tranh gianh ddc
lap,
Viet Nam da dugc Lien Xd va cac nudc
XHCN Ddng Au giup da ve mgi mat de xay
dyng va bao ve CNXH d mien Bac, dau tranh
giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhat dat nudc.
Ciing trong thdi gian nay nhieu bgc sinh, sinh
vien, thyc tap sinh, nghien
eiiu
sinh va can bd
Viet Nam dugc cir sang cac nudc nay bgc tap,
nghien
ciiu
va lam viec.
Vao dau nhung nam 80
ciia
the ky XX,
ngoai cac can bd, sinh vien sang edng tac va
hoc tap cdn cd sd lugng ldn lao ddng tre Viet
Nam dugc dua sang lam viec theo Hiep dinh
Hgp tac Lao ddng dugc ky ket giiia Viet

ddng ngudi Viet Nam kha ddng dao d cac
nudc Ddng Au. Cd the ndi cdng ddng ngudi
Viet Nam tai mdt sd nudc Ddng Au
chii
yeu
dugc hinh thanh d thdi ky nay.
Nhu vay, thdi gian binh thanh va phat
trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d cac nudc
Ddng Au dien ra chua lau,
chii yiu
la vao
cudi nhirng
nam
80 diu nhiing nam 90
ciia
the ky XX. Tuy nhien, cdng dong nay ngay
nay dang tirng budc dn dinh, hda, nhap vao
ddi sdng va cd ddng gdp nhit dinh ddi vdi
nudc sd tai ciing nhu cho que huang, dit
nudc trong phat triln kinh tl - xa bdi. Nhirng
tri thiie
-
doanh nhan Viet Nam, thudc
nhiing the be diu tien d lai sinh sdng, lam an,
'jyitdt
hug oai
ti'd^.
17
kinh doanh, ddng vai trd rat quan trgng trong
qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cdng ddng

ngudi Viet d Ddng Au ndi
rieng nham gdp phan eiing cd, phat trien
cdng ddng ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai va ddng
gdp cho cdng eude ddi mdi d trong nudc la
rat can thiet. Dac biet, trong bdi canh hien
nay.
Dang va Nha nude Viet Nam diy
marib
viec xay dyng khdi dai doan ket dan tdc,
trong dd cd chinh sach dai ngg, thu
hiit
va
bao ve Viet kieu trong viec xay dyng va phat
trien dat nudc.
I. Mot so dac diem cua cong dong
ngiroi Viet va doi ngii
tri
thirc Viet Nam
a
Dong Au
Thii-
nhdt: Cdng ddng ngudi Viet d
Ddng Au binh thanh each day khoang 50
nam, ban dau la nhiing tri thirc dugc nha
nudc cir sang Ddng Au bgc tap, lao ddng da
d lai vi nhieu ly do khae nhau. Tir nhirng
nam 1990, bang nhieu con dudng nhap cu
khac nhau, cdng ddng nay da phat trien
nhanh chdng ve sd lugng. Hien nay rat khd
cd the danh gia chinh xac cd bao nhieu ngudi

cd thdi ban la
4.443 trudng hgp'. Tuy nhien vin cd sy
chenh lech ldn giira cac con sd ma cac ca
quan quan ly di
trii
dua ra vdi con sd thyc tl.
Theo sd lieu ma doan edng tac khao sat tai
Ba Lan thang
11
nam 2009, cdng ddng ngudi
Viet d Ba Lan udc chimg cd tir 30 - 40
nghin ngudi. Cdn theo sd lieu thdng ke
ciia
Sec,
din
ngay
31
thang 12 nam 2008, so
ngudi Viet Nam d Sec len tdi 60.258 ngudi,
chi diing sau ngudi Slovakia (76.034
ngudi).
So
lieu
thong ke cua Ba Lan nam 2008.
18
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°6
(117).2010
tiep den la ngudi Nga:
27.176
ngudi va Ba

xac ve cdng ddng ngudi Viet tai cac nudc
Ddng Au. Con sd udc tfnh d ba nudc Ba
Lan, Sec va Hungary cd khoang hon 100
nghin ngudi, trong dd Ba Lan tir 30 - 40
nghin.
Sec ban 60 nghin, Hungary gan 5
nghin ngudi.
Thir hai: Tinh trang phap ly cua cdng
ddng ngudi Viet ciing rat khac biet giiia cac
nudc.
Ty le cu
trii
bit hgp phap cao nhit la d
Ba Lan (chi khoang 6-7 ngan ngudi tren tdng
sd 30 - 40 ngan ngudi, hay khoang 20%) dinh
cu hgp phap) tiep do la Sec va Hungary.
"
Status Report on Migration in the Sec Republic,
2008,
Bo
Noi
vu
Sec.
So nguoi da
dugc
Bo Noi vu Hungary
cSp
3 loai
giay to gom 3 mau bia
i<hac nhau:"Tiie

sau chuyen ddi chinh tri, kinh tl dr cac
nudc Ddng Au, phan Idn chuyin sang kinh
doanh, hinh thanh nen ddi ngu
/;/' thiec
-
doanh nhdn. Mdt s6 it rit thanh cdng, da
thanh lap nhung cdng ty ldn, giiip dd dugc
nhieu ngudd khac nhung phin ldn cac tri
thiie Viet Nam vin kinh doanh nhd,
ehii yiu
d cac cira hang, cac khu chg v.v
^
Thie tu, mgt sd dac dilm ndi bat
ciia
tri
thirc - doanh nhan ngudi Viet Nam d Ddng
Au:
I
- Da phan da djnh cu dn dinh, hgp phap
va hda nhap vdi xa hdi nude sd tai, nhung rit
ft ngudi trong sd hg nhap quoc tich cac nudc
'J)lidt
hug, oui
ti'H.
19
nay. So vdi cdng ddng Viet
kiiu
d cac nudc
phuang Tay va My, hg van la nhung cdng
ddn Viet Nam, mang qudc tich vd hd chieu

Nam tai nhirng nudc nay.
Thie ndm, viec cac nudc Ddng Au gia
nhap Lien minh Chau Au ciing nhu quan he
ngay cang dugc cai thien giiia Viet Nam vdi
nhirng nudc nay tao ra nhieu ca hdi va thach
thiic cho cdng ddng ngudi Viet va ddi ngii tri
thirc Viet Nam d day. Tir nam 2004
din
nay,
sy hdi nhap vao cac nudc EU tao ra ca hdi
lam an, kinh doanh, giao luu giua cae cdng
ddng ldn ban, ddng thdi ciing tao ra cac ca
hdi de phat trien cac boat ddng lam an phi
phap trong toan khu vuc nhu trdng cin sa,
budn ban ma
tiiy,
phy nir, rira tien, budn ban
hang nhai dge cac khu "chg" bien gidi v.v
Dac biet, cudc khiing hoang tai chfnh toan
cau hien nay gay nhieu tac ddng tieu cyc den
ddi ngii tri thiic ciing nhu cdng ddng ngudi
Viet.
Day chinh la thdi diem ddi hdi ddi ngu
doanh nhan tri thirc phai "ddi mdi"
each
nghT, phuong thirc lam an, hgi nhap sau ban,
tao ra kha nang canh tranh mdi, phat huy ban
niia vai trd "cau ndi" giup ciing cd va phat
trien cdng ddng ngudi Viet tai cac nudc nay.
II.

phii tiip
tuc
dam phan vdi cac nudc Ddng Au vl chinh
sach ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam nhim bao ve
20
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°6 (117).2010
quyen lgi hgp phap
ciia
cdng ddng ngudi
Viet Nam d nudc ngoai (NVNONN). Hien
nay, Ba Lan, Sec va Hungary da la nhii'ng
thanh vien Lien minh Chau Au, nen cac
nudc nay cd nghTa vy thyc hien cac chinh
sach ve nhap cu va ti nan chung. EU da ban
hanh chinh sach phat
tii
va tryc xuat ngudi
nhap cu bat hgp phap tren lanh thd EU ndi
chung va cac nude thanh vien ndi rieng, vi
vay chinh phu Viet Nam can phai sdm tien
hanh dam phan vdi cac nudc nay de ky ket
cac hiep dinh tao dieu kien phap ly giiip ba
con dn dinh lam an, sinh sdng lau dai,
tiic
bao hd giup hg cd mgt dia vi phap ly d nai
cu tru; ddng thdi thdng qua dam phan vdi
cac nudc Ddng Au nham ngan chan ludng
nhap cu bat hgp phap, ky hiep dinh ve lao
ddng mdi.

ba de giiip
cdng ddng hdi nhap sau vao nudc sd tai. Dac
biet Nha nudc can khuyen khich va tao dieu
kien dl ddi ngii tri thiic manh dan hon nira,
nang ddng hon niia de giup cdng ddng cd sy
gan ket va duy tri van hda truyen thdng Viet
Nam.
- Cac ca quan chiic nang nhu Uy ban
Nha nudc ve ngudi Viet a nudc ngoai, Bg
Van hda The thao va Du lich, Bd Giao
due
va Dao tao, cac vien nghien
ciiu
ve KHXH
cd lien quan nen cd nhung phdi hgp trong
viec lap cae du an duy tri tieng ndi, chir viet,
phong
tye
tap quan, truyen thdng van hda
ddc dao
ciia
dan tdc.
Chii
y viec ket hgp vdi
chuyen gia nghien cim khoa bgc xa hdi ve
cdng ddng Viet Nam di cu, ve van hda giao
dye ngudi Viet d nude ngoai, chuyen gia c6
tam huyet nudc sd tai va chuyen gia khac d
trong nudc nghien
ciiu

Dang
va Nha nudc ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nudc
ngoai da dugc the hien vdi tinh than rat tich
cyc:
ddy la bd phdn khdng the tdch rdi vd la
ngudn luc
ciia
cdng ddng ddn tdc Viet Nam,
Id
nhdn td quan trong gdp phdn tdng cudng
hgp tdc hieu nghi giiia nhdn ddn ta vdi nhdn
ddn cdc nudc. Vi the, nhiem vy
ciia
tat ca
cac ca quan, ban, nganh la phai tiep tye
truyen tai nhiing quan diem, chinh sach nay
den mgi ngudi Viet d nudc ngoai, dac biet la
nhiing chinh sach mdi nhu nhirng thay ddi
trong Luat ve Sd hiru nha
ciia
Viet kieu tai
Viet Nam, hay nhiing thay ddi ve mdi trudng
kinh doanh v.v Dieu nay giiip cho cdng
ddng ngudi Viet d Ddng Au ciing nhu nhirng
tri thiic d day tin tudng vao nha nudc Viet
Nam va nhan rd dugc vai trd va tiem nang
ciia
minh ddi vdi sy phat trien
ciia
que huong

tri gdp phan tao dieu kien cho cac ca nhan
hdi nhap sau vao the che chfnh tri cap dia
phuong
ciia
nudc sd tai.
- Cac sir quan, Uy ban Ngudi Viet tai
Nudc ngoai can cd sy quan tam
diim
bgc
hon nii'a, giiip dd nhirng trudng hgp gap khd
khan trong giai doan khiing hoang kinh te
hien nay, khi rat nhieu ngudi bi mat viec,
nhieu ngudi kinh doanh nhd gap khd khan do
khung hoang kinh te. Cach thirc: giup hg tim
kiem viec lam, cung cap thdng tin va khuyin
khich nhirng ngudi trong edng ddng giiip dd
cdng viec cho hg.
- Nha nudc mdt mat tao dieu kien cho
ngudi Viet sang Ddng Au hge tap, kinh
doanh hay dinh cu de phat triln cdng ddng
ve mat sd lugng, thiic day hgp tac, nhung
mat khac van duy tri kiem soat chat che viec
di cu ty do, bao dam chat lugng
ciia
nhiing
ngudi di hgp tac lao ddng, kinh doanh, di cu
de nang cao chat lugng cua cdng ddng ngudi
Viet.
22
NGHIEN CLfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW

xep thdi gian tham dy). Thdng qua cac hdi
nghi tren, bang hda, dich vy,
siic
lao ddng
cua Viet Nam dugc quang ba, qua dd thuc
day cac lien doanh, lien ket, ket hgp chat che
giiia doanh nghiep Ddng Au vdi cac doanh
nghiep trong nudc, nham thiic day hgp tac
thuong mai ciing nhu dau tu.
- Xay dyng va nhan rdng cac md hinh
lien
kit,
hgp tae thanh cdng giira doanh
nghiep nguai Viet d Ddng Au vdi cac td
chirc d Viet Nam. Khuyen khieh cac doanh
nghiep Viet Nam dua ngudi lao ddng sang
lam viec hgp phap tai cac nudc Ddng Au,
phat huy vai trd cira ngd vao EU trong dieu
kien EU dang nhit the hda chinh sach lao
ddng va nhap cu. Hien nay, ngudn nhan
lye
cac nudc Ddng Au dang hudng sang thi
trudng Tay Au, tao ra cac khoang trdng cho
lao ddng tir cae nudc thir ba. Day la ca hdi
rat tdt, can biet tan dyng de dua lao ddng
Viet Nam sang Ddng Au nhung nen tap
trung vao lao ddng cd chat lugng: dugc dao
tao ve ngdn ngii, van bda, cac yeu cau ky
thuat ddi vdi cdng viec can thiet.
- Ddi vdi nhung tri thiic - doanh nhan la

- Coi trgng va phat huy vai trd
ciia
cac
doanh nhan tri thirc trong viec thuc thi mo
hinh phat trien ben viing, tang trudng dya
tren xuat khau cua Viet Nam trong chien
luge qudc gia ve md hinh nay phai tinh den
'J)lidt
hug oui
ti'A
23
vai trd thiic day
ciia
cac doanh nghiep
viia
va
nhd cua cac doanh nhan tri thirc d Ddng Au.
Thiic day hgp tac trong mdt sd
ITnh
vyc tiem
nang nhu kinh te sach, nhiing xu the ve
thuang mai toan cau trong dieu kien ddi phd
vdi bien ddi khi hau toan cau, trong hgp tac
thyc hien chuyen giao cac cdng nghe sach
cho cac doanh nghiep vira va
nlid,
trong hgp
tae thuc day quan he dau tu trong
ITnh
vyc

trien khai. Keu ggi
cac cdng ty ldn cua ngudi Viet d Ddng Au
hoac thdng qua cac cdng ty
ciia
ngudi Viet d
Ddng Au keu ggi cae cdng ty ldn dang boat
ddng d chau Au dau tu vao Viet Nam, thiet
lap cac phdng nghien cim va trien khai d
Viet Nam.
Phdt huy vai tro cdu ndi ve vdn hda
gido
due,
khoa hoc cdng nghe
- Thudng xuyen td chirc cac boat ddng
trao ddi van hda giiia cac td chirc doan the
trong nudc vdi cac td chirc
ciia
ngudi Viet tai
cac nudc Ddng Au, cd mdi cac td chirc cua
nudc sd tai tham gia.
- Tai Uy ban Ngudi Viet Nam, thanh lap
Ban Cdng tac ngudi Viet tai Ddng Au lam
cau ndi, hoac Lien hiep eac Hdi
him
nghi len
danh sach cac thanh vien dang ky la cac tri
thiic ngudi Viet tai Ddng Au, cd can bd
chuyen trach gap gd, tiep xuc, xay dyng cac
dy an, cac sang kien, tap hgp cac nhu ciu
tinh nguyen tham gia cac boat ddng trao ddi

che nhu can bd trong nudc theo che do hgp
ddng. Cho phep tri
thii'e
Viet kieu tham gia
dau thau cac de tai, cdng trinh dugc thyc
hien bang
100%
vdn ngan sach hoac dugc tai
trg mdt phan.
- Cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao dao tao
ngudn nhan
lye,
hgp tac lien doanh trong
viee xay dyng cac trudng dai bgc trong
nudc,
cac chi nhanh d nudc ngoai, gdp phan
dao tao ngudn nhan lye chat lugng cao, chi
phi thap, tao dau ra cho cac nhan
lye
cd
dii
dieu kien va mong mudn lam viec d nudc
ngoai, giai quyet mau thuan giiia chay mau
chat xam va thyc sy cd mdt ddi ngii chuyen
gia vira dugc bgc
viia
dugc hanh d cae nudc
phat trien, de ddng gdp ve lau dai cho dat
nudc.
- Cdng ddng doanh nghiep

hiit
dugc sy quan tam cua the he
tre ngudi Viet d Ddng Au vdi que huang can
phai thuan lgi hda cac dieu kien,
thii
tuc cho
nhiing ddi tugng nay khi hgp tac, lien ket
hay ve tham que huong.
Nha nudc ciing can tinh tdi viec dan dan
cho phep nhiing ngudi Viet Nam d nudc
ngoai cdn giii qudc tich Viet Nam tham gia
vao cac dien dan xay dung phap luat ciing
nhu bd may cdng quyen
ciia
Viet Nam.
- Chinh
phii
va cac ca quan ban nganh
trong nudc can xay dung chfnb sach thu
hiit,
trgng dyng nhan tai cy the, rd rang, dac biet
ddi vdi ddi ngii tri thirc ngudi Viet d nudc
ngoai. Nhiing nha hoach dinh chinh sach cua
Viet Nam can biet lang nghe tam tu nguyen
vgng ciing nhu nhirng quan diem chia se
ciia
ddi ngii tri thiic Viet d Ddng Au trong qua
trinh hoach dinh chinh sach. Khdng chi biet
lang nghe, Nha nudc cdn phai tao ca hdi de
dugc nghe quan diem, chia se cua cac tri

phdi hgp
ciia
cac nganh, cac cap de tao ra
budc chuyen manh me, tiep them ddng lye
cho kieu bao ta ndi chung va tri thirc d Ddng
Au ndi rieng, hudng ve dat nudc, tich cyc
tham gia ddng gdp xay dyng que huang.
Danh gia dung kha nang (thdng qua viec
giao yeu cau cy the) va sy ddng gdp (qua
viec tra luang thoa dang va dieu kien lam
viec tdt) se lam cho nhiing chuyen gia ngudi
Viet cam thay dugc tdn trgng, de
bii
dap
nhirng tbiet thdi do sy di chuyen chd d va
lam viec mang lai. Nha nudc can cd nhiing
chfnh sach dem lai cam giac dugc ddn tiep
nhu nhiing ngudi than trd ve nha. Tat ca mgi
con ngudi Viet Nam,
dii
xa que bao nam deu
mong mudn cd mdt ngay dugc trd ve trong
sy chao ddn
ciia
nhiing ngudi ddng bao
minh. Mgi sy tiep ddn an can va chu dao deu
la sy khich le rat ldn, giup nhiing tri thirc
Viet
kiiu sin
sang cdng hien het kha nang

lgi
ciia
kieu bao trong viec dugc ddi xir binh
dang, tang ca hdi lam an, hdi nhap vao nudc
sd tai. Ngoai ra, Chinh
phii
Viet Nam
khuyen khfeh ba con Viet kieu dau tu ve
nudc,
gdp phan vao cdng cudc xay dyng va
phat trien dat nudc cho
dii
tdng vdn dau tu
ciia
ba con Viet kieu trong thdi gian qua van
cdn d mirc "khiem tdn".
- Cac tri thirc Viet Nam d Ddng Au
phan ldn lam kinh doanh, vi the Viet Nam
nen keu ggi hg dau tu vao cac dy an vira va
nhd cd bieu qua xa hdi cao nhu giao dye hay
y te, cac dy an dich vy ngan hang - tai chinh,
bat ddng san, du lich hay nghi dudng.
Tai lieu tham khao
\. Nghi quyit
36/NQ-TW
ngay
26/3/2004 cua Bd Chinh Tri ve cdng tac ddi
vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai.
2.
Nguyen Quang Thuan, Mot so vdn de

tgi Trung vd Ddng Au vd tdc ddng tdi cdng
ddng ngudi Viet Nam tgi Ba Lan, Tap chi
Nghien cim Chau Au, sd 3 (102)/2009.
7.
Ky yeu hdi thao qudc te: "Cong
ddng ddng ngudi Viet Nam tgi mdt sd nudc
Ddng Au: Thuc trgng vd vai trd trong bdi
cdnh
mdi",
thang 3 nam 2009.
8. Nguyen Thanh Son, Tri thiec ngudi
Viet Nam d nudc ngodi hudng ve que huang,

hungta/2008/07/794741/,
24/10/2008.
tai
ngay
9. Pham Gia Khiem, Ddng vd Nhd
nudc tiep tuc chdm lo quyen lgi chinh ddng
cua ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi,
http://'www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/cs_doingoai/nr07
0523093001/ns070821085317, tai ngay 10
thang 8 nam 2009.
10.
EU to crack down on employers
hiring illegal immigrants,
littp://news.vahoo.com/s/afp/20Q70516/bs
af
p/euimmigrationiustice
070516190021,

a
comprehensive
European Migration Policy: Cracking
doM>n
on employment of illegal immigrants and
fostering circular migration and mobility
partnerships ,

o?reference=IP/07/678&forniat=HTML&age
d=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en. tai
ngay 25 thang 5 nam 2007.
15.
Status Report on Migration in
the Sec Republic, 2008, Bd Ndi vy Sec.