Giáo án : Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Giáo viên : ĐOÀN ĐÌNH LẬP TRƯỜNG THCS NAM PHƯƠNG TIẾN A- -
CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
PERIOD: 1 TENSES REVIEW
I. THEORY
NO. TENSE FORM ADVERBS FOLLOWING
1.
Simple present
HTĐ
• Tobe : S + is/am/are
+ S + V/V
S, ES
…
- S + doesn’t /don’t + V …
? Do/Does + S + V … ?
- Every day/month/year/…
- Always, constantly, usually, often, generally, frequently, sometimes,
occasionally, seldom, rarely, never,
- Once/twice a week, how often, …
(Chú ý: thêm "ES" khi V kết thúc: s, sh, ch, o, x, z, (y) )
2.
Present continuous
HTTD
+ S + is/am/are + V
ing
…
- S + is/am/are + not + V
ing
…
? Is/am/are + S + V
ing
… ?

…?
- At this time yesterday, at 7.00 a.m last week
- At that time, then
- When, while
5.
Present perfect
HTHT
+ S + has/have + P.P
- S + has/have + not + P.P
? Has/have + S + P.P ?
- Since + 1mốc thời gian , for + 1 khoảng thời gian
- Yet, ever, never, already, recently, lately, just, before,
- So far, until now, up to now, up to the present time
6.
Present perfect
continuous
HTHTTD
+ S + has/have + been + V
ing

- S +has/have+ not + been + V
ing

? Has/have + S + been + V
ing
?
Since + 1mốc thời gian, for + 1 khoảng thời gian, up to now
(thường dùng với V chỉ hoạt động: run, learn, teach, work, rain, sleep, wait,
stand, sit, try, …


Simple future
TLĐ
+ S + will + V
- S + will + not + V
? Will + S + V ?
- Tomorrow (morning, afternoon, evening)
- Next week/month/year/
- In 2 hours, in a few minutes/some days/…
- Some day, soon
10.
Future continuous
TLTD
+ S + will + be + V
ing

- S + will + not + be + V
ing

? Will + S + be + V
ing
?
- At this time tomorrow, at 8.00 a.m next Monday
- When
11.
Future perfect
TLHT
+ S + will + have + P.P …
- S + will + not + have + P.P …
? Will + S + have + P.P … ?
- Before/by + thời gian trong tương lai Ex: by next year

4. My father (not watch) TV every night
5. I (meet) Authur three weeks ago
6. Yesterday the police (report) that they (capture) the thief
7. My friend (thank) me for what I had done for him
8. Someone (steal) my handbag on the bus
9. The Browns (live) in Paris for 7 years when the second World War (break) down
10. Last month I (be) in the hospital for ten days
11. Don't call me in the afternoon. I usually (be) away in the afternoon
12. Mr. Clark (be) in New York 2 months ago. Mr. Rossi (be) in New York until 2 months ago
13. John (drive) that car ever since I (know) him
14. People (speak) English in most of Canada
15. The dog (wag) his tail whenever he (see) me
16. What you (do) when I (ring) you last night?
17. Up to then I never (see) such a fat man
18. I (not see) him last Monday
19. They had sold all the books when we (get) there
20. I think he (leave) as soon as he (know) the news
21. She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night
22. He (come) and (see) you soon
23. I (come) as soon as I have finished my work. You (be) ready?
24. My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend
25. Where you (spend) your holidays next summer?
26. Violets (bloom) in spring
27. We (not live) in England for two years now
28. I (never forget) what you (just tell) me
29. They (prepare) the Christmas dinner at the moment
30. When I last (stay) in Cairo, I (ride) to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) the day before
31. Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970
32. George (work) at a university so far
33. When he lived in Manchester, he (work) in a bank

59. We (not receive) any letter from him since he (leave) four months ago
60. Where are you? I'm upstairs. I (have) a bath
PERIOD: 2 Passive Voice
Các điểm lưu ý:
+Có 1 số động từ không bao giờ đổi sang bị động: seem, appear, have.

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Giáo án : Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Giáo viên : ĐOÀN ĐÌNH LẬP TRƯỜNG THCS NAM PHƯƠNG TIẾN A- -
CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
+Khi đổi sang bị động những thành phần trong câu chủ động không đổi: trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian , chỉ địa điểm, từ đệm phải giữ nguyên
vị trí như trong câu chủ động.
+Nếu trong câu chủ động chủ ngữ là nobody, no one thì khi đổi sang bị động, động từ sẽ để ở thể phủ định.
Công thức chung : S+BE+past participle(P2)
I. CÁC CÔNG THỨC CỤ THỂ CỦA CÁC THÌ:
1. Đối với Hiện tại đơn giản : S + am/is/are+P2 2. Đối với Hiện tại tiếp diễn : S +am/is/are+being+P2
3. Đối với Hiện tại Hòan thành: S + have/has+been+P2 4. Đối với Quá khứ đơn giản: S + was/were+p2
5. Đối với Quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + was/were+being+P2 6. Đối với Tương lai đơn giản: S + will+be+P2
7. Đối với Tương lai gần: S + to be+going to+Be+P2 8. Đối với Tương lai hòan thành: S + will have been+P2
9. Đối với Quá khứ hoàn thành: S + had been+P2
Notes: Các thì HTHT tiếp diễn, TLHT tiếp diễn, TL tiếp diễn, QKHT tiếp diễn không đổi được sang bị động.
II/ THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA MODAL VERB
1/ Cấu trúc 1: S + modal Verb +Verb infinitive(Vinf)
Dùng để chỉ hành động xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai. >>> Thể bị động S+modal verb + be +P2.
EX: I must do this homework.>> This homework must be done.
2/Cấu trúc 2: S + modal Verb + have +P2
Dùng để chỉ những hành động cần phải làm trong quá khứ hoặc đáng lẽ phải xảy ra nhưng không làm. Hoặc những hành động đoán biết
chắc hẳn phải xảy ra trong quá khứ. >>>Bị động: S + modal Verb + have been +P2
III/ CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT:
1/ It's your duty to+Vinf >>> bị động: You're supposed to+Vinf
EX: It's your duty to make tea today. >> You are supposed to make tea today.

Công thức: People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report + that + clause.
>> Bị động: a/ It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported + that + clause ( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O)
b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì HTDG: S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed + to + Vinf
EX: People say that he is a good doctor. >> It's said that he is a good doctor./ He is said to be a good doctor.
c/ Động từ trong clause để ở thời QKDG hoặc HTHT. S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed + that + to + have + P2.
EX: People think he stole my car. >> It's thought he stole my car. He is thought to have stolen my car.
2/ Khi main verb ở thời QUÁ KHỨ. Công thức: People/they + thought/said/supposed + that + clause.
>>Bị động: a/ It was + thought/ said/ supposed + that + clause.
b/ Động từ trong clause để ở thì HTDG: S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + Vinf.
EX: People said that he is a good doctor.>> It was said that he is a good doctor./ He was said to be a good doctor.
c/ Động từ trong clause ở thì QKDG hoặc HTHT: S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + P2.
EX: They thought he was one of famous singers.>> It was thought he was one of famous singers.
He was thought to have been one of famous singers.
IX/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA TÁM ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT.
Các động từ : suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend.
Công thức: S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require + that + clause.
( trong đó clause = S + Vinf + O)
>> Bị động: It + was/ will be/ has been/ is + P2( of 8 verb) + that + st + be + P2.
( trong đó "be" là không đổi vì động từ trong clause ở câu chủ động ở dạng Vinf)
EX: He suggested that she buy a new car.>> It was suggessted that a new car be bought.
X/ BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC CHỦ NGỮ GIẢ " IT".

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Giáo án : Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Giáo viên : ĐOÀN ĐÌNH LẬP TRƯỜNG THCS NAM PHƯƠNG TIẾN A- -
CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
Công thức: It + be + adj + for sb + to do st.>>Bị động: It + be + adj + for st + to be done.
EX: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour>> It is difficult for this problem to be finished this test in one hour.
XI/ BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TRƯỜNG HỢP 2 TÂN NGỮ.
Trong đó : Oi = Indirect Object.
Od = Direct Object.

CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
2. Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice.
3. Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit.
4. We use this room only on special occasions.
5. You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission.
6. In some districts farmer use pig to find truffles.
7. Someone switched on a light and opened the door.
8. Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife.
9. They are pulling down the old theatre.
10. Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?
11. The mob broke all the shop windows in recent riots.
12. The librarian said that they were starting a new system because people were not returning book.
13. The police asked each of us about his movement on the night of the crime.
14. Someone will server refreshments.
15. People must not leave bicycles in the hall.
16. Members may keep books for three week. After that they must return them.
17. The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door.
18. I‘ve bought a harp. They are delivering it this afternoon. (Do not change the first sentence.)
19. Someone has already told him top report for duty at six.
20. They rang the church bells as a flood warning.
21. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information.
22. People are spending far more money on food now than they spent ten years ago.
23. The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.
24. They will say nothing more about the matter if someone returns the stolen gun.
25. It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child.
26. A thief stole my dog and brought him back only when I offer 20 pounds reward for him.
27. The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine.
28. They make these artificial flowers of silk.
29. They can’t make tea with cold water.
30. The thief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.

2. What about .? / How about ?
Why dont we .? / Lets .
3. Could I have ?
Could you .?
Could you please .?
4. Would you mind + V_ing
5. Shall I ? / I will.
6. Would you like to V_infinitive ?
7. Would you like (+noun) ?
8. Remember to do smt / Dont forget
9. You must
10. Im sorry for doing smt / about smt
11. Happy birthday
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
advised smb to do smt ( nếu có ý nghĩa khuyên răn )
.
S + suggest + V_ing (câu có ý nghĩa đề nghị)
Or suggest (that) smb (should) do smt
ask for
ask smb if

19
20
21
To give smb a good luck / wish smb ….
To welcome visitors to ……
To greet smb.
Smb exclaimed that what a … it was
To say good bye / good morning ….
To object to the idea
Smb told smb not to let ( himself / ) be P2
To suggest (that) they (should) go ( he go *
To ask smb to let ( him / her ) go
To ask smb to do smt
* Th× trong mÖnh ®Ò phô kh«ng ®æi khi:
- §éng tõ trong c©u nãi trùc tiÕp cã thêi gain x¸c ®Þnh: - Mét ch©n lý / might / used to / would rather
Ex: He said , ‘ I was born in 1980’ → He said that he was born in 1980
- C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2/ 3 / c©u gi¶ ®Þnh wish
Ex: she said ‘ I wish I were rich’ → that she wished she were rich
Chó ý: Cßn nhiÒu trêng hîp, tuú theo ng÷ c¶nh ®Ó thÝch hîp c©u gi¸n tiÕp (thank you so much)
1. ‘I’ve no idea what the time is but I’ll dial 1080 and find out’ said his daughter.
2. he said, ‘ my wife has just been made a judge.’
3. ‘I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready,’ she replied
4. ‘I have a German lesson this afternoon and I haven’t done my homework yet,’ said the boy.
5. ‘If you let the iron get too hot you will scorch your clothes.’ I warned her.
6. ‘You haven’t given me quite enough. The bill is for $16 and you have paid me only $10’ he pointed out.
7. ‘ Do you play the guitar?’ said Peter.
8. ‘Will you have time to play regularly?’ he said .
9. ‘Did you play for your school team?’ said Bill.
10. “Put your pistol on the table,’ said the director.
11. ‘ Please book me a seat in a non- smoker,’ said the traveller.

I. THEORY

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Giỏo ỏn : Bi dng hc sinh gii Giỏo viờn : ON èNH LP TRNG THCS NAM PHNG TIN A- -
CHNG M HANOI
-Cỏc tr ng t hỡnh thỏi nh
will, would, can, could
thng xut hin trong cỏc cõu iu kin. Cỏc cõu iu kin thng cha t
if
(nu)
- Có 2 mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện: Mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề điều kiên( mệnh đề if)
- Mệnh đề điều kiện (mệnh đề if) có thể đặt trớc hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Khi nó đứng trớc mệnh đề chính, dùng dấu phẩy để tách 2 mệnh
đề. Khi nó theo sau mệnh đề chính không dùng dấu phẩy.
Ex: If I have money, I will buy a new car.
I will buy a new car if I have money.
*Conditional types: ( Các loại hinh câu điêu kiện)
- Có 3 loại câu điều kiện: Loại 1, loại 2 và loại 3
1. Type 1 (i u ki n lo i 1): Present Real Conditional (Điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại)
- Cõu iu kin cú thc l cõu m ngi núi dựng din t mt hnh ng hoc mt tỡnh hung thng xy ra (thúi quen) hoc s xy ra (trong
tng lai) nu iu kin mnh chớnh c tho món. Nu núi v tng lai, dng cõu ny c s dng khi núi n mt iu kin cú th thc hin
c hoc cú th xy ra.
Ex: - If he t

r i e s much more, he w ill im pr o

v e his English.
- If I h a v e money, I w ill b u y a new motorbike.
IF CLAUSE (Mnh If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mnh chớnh)
Simple Present
S + V[-e/es]

*ng t to be phi chia l were tt c cỏc ngụi.
Ex: - If I were you, I w o

u l d n' t

g o

to that movie.
3. Type 3 (i u ki n lo i 3) : Past unreal conditional (Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ)
- Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ đợc dùng để đề cập đến những tình huống đã không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ If I h ad n t

b een in a hurry, I
w o

u l d n t

have had an accident.
(I was in a hurry) (I had an accident)
* Chỳ ý rng cng cú th th hin mt iu kin khụng cú thc m khụng dựng
if
. Trong trnghp ú, tr ng t
had
c a lờn u cõu, ng
trc ch ng. Mnh iu kin s ng trc mnh chớnh.
Ex: - Had we k n o

w n that you were there, we w o

u l d h a v e wr i tt


II. EX. I. Conditional sentences: type I: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him I (give) him a lift.
2 If he (eat) all that he will be ill.
3. If I find your passport I (telephone). you at once.
4. If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes.

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Giáo án : Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Giáo viên : ĐOÀN ĐÌNH LẬP TRƯỜNG THCS NAM PHƯƠNG TIẾN A- -
CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
5. Someone (steal)…………………… your car if you leave it unlocked.
6. What will happen if my parachute (not open)?
7. If he (wash)…………………… my car I'll give him Ј10.
8. If she (need)…………………………… a radio she can borrow mine
9. If you (not go) ……………………….away I'll send for the police.
10. I'll be very angry if he (make)……………………… any more mistakes.
11. If he (be) ……………….late we'll go without him.
12. If you give my dog a bone he (bury)…………………… it at once.
13. If you come late they (not let) you in.
14. We'll have to move upstairs if the river (rise) any higher.
15. If he (work)……………………… hard today can he have a holiday tomorrow?
16. If you (not like)……………………. this one I'll bring you another.
17. She won't open the door unless she (know) ……………………….who it is.
II. Conditional sentences: type 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1 If I had a typewriter I (type)………………… it myself.
2 If I (know)………………………… his address I'd give it to you.
3 He (look) ……………………………a lot better if he shaved more often
4. If he worked more slowly he (not make) ………………………………so many mistakes.
5. I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) ……………………… you.
6. More tourists would come to this country if it (have)……………………… a better climate
7. If I (win)…………………… a big prize in a lottery I'd give up my job.

5/ The fishermen couldn’t have caught a lot of fish unless they had had good nets.
Exercise 3: Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I don’t buy it because I don’t have enough money If I
2. I didn’t buy it because I didn’t have enough money I would
3. There was a test yesterday. I didn’t know that, so I didn’t study for it > If I
4. I’m busy right now, so I can’t help you I could
5. He’s very thin, that’s why he feels the cold so much > If he
6. I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now > If I
7. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game Unless
8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job Unless
9. If you don’t like this one, I’ll bring you another Unless
10. I’ll only help you if you promise to try harder Unless
11. If she doesn’t work harder, she’ll lose her job She’ll
12. You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully Provided
13. If the work is finished by lunch , you can go home Get
14. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test……………………………………………….

15
Giáo án : Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Giáo viên : ĐOÀN ĐÌNH LẬP TRƯỜNG THCS NAM PHƯƠNG TIẾN A- -
CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
PERIOD 5 ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ
I. THEORY
DẠNG 1 : NỐI 2 CÂU
Dạng này đề bài người ta cho 2 câu riêng biệt và yêu cầu mình dùng đại từ quan hệ nối chúng lại với nhau. Các bước làm dạng này như sau:
Bước 1 :Chọn 2 từ giống nhau ở 2 câu :Câu đầu phải chọn danh từ, câu sau thường là đại từ ( he ,she ,it ,they )
ví dụ :The man is my father. You met him yesterday.
BƯỚC 2 :Thế who,which vào chữ đã chọn ở câu sau, rồi đem (who ,which ) ra đầu câu The man is my father. You met him yesterday.
Ta thấy him là tan ngu chi người, làm túc từ nên thế whom vào
-> The man is my father.You met whom yesterday.Đem whom ra đầu câu -> The man is my father whom You met yesterday.
Bước 3 :Đem nguyên câu sau đặt ngay phía sau danh từ đã chọn ở câu trước The man is my father. whom You met yesterday

WHOSE :đứng trứoc danh từ OF WHICH : đứng sau danh từ ( danh từ đó phải thêm THE )OF WHICH : chỉ dùng cho vật ,không dùng cho người.
This is the man . His son is my friend > This is the man the son of which is my friend.( sai )-> This is the man whose son is my friend.( đúng )
III. NHỮNG LƯU Ý KHI DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ( WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM )
1.Khi nào dùng dấu phẩy ?Khi danh từ đứng trước who ,which,whom là :+ Danh từ riêng ,tên Ha Noi, which Mary, who is
+ Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ :This book, which
+ Có sở hửu đứng trước danh từ :My mother, who is
+ Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết : Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng )The Sun, which
2. Đặt dấu phẩy ở đâu ?- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở giữa thì dùng 2 dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu và cuối mệnh đề My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở cuối thì dùng một dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu mệnh đề ,cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu chấm .This is my mother, who is a cook .
3.Khi nào có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ WHO ,WHICH ,WHOM
- Khi nó làm túc từ và phía trước nó không có dấu phẩy ,không có giới từ ( whose không được bỏ ) This is the book which I buy.
Ta thấy which là túc từ ( chủ từ là I ,động từ là buy ) ,phía trước không có phẩy hay giới từ gì cả nên có thể bỏ which đi :-> This is the book I buy.
This is my book , which I bought 2 years ago.
Trước chữ which có dấu phẩy nên không thể bỏ được .This is the house in which I live .
Trước which có giới từ in nên cũng không bỏ which đựơc .This is the man who lives near my house.
Who là chủ từ ( của động từ lives ) nên không thể bỏ nó được .
4. Khi nào KHÔNG ĐƯỢC dùng THAT :- Khi phía trước nó có dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ :
This is my book , that I bought 2 years ago. (sai) vì phía trước có dấu phẩy > không được dùng THAT mà phải dùng which
This is the house in that I live .(sai) vì phía trước có giới từ in -> không được dùng THAT mà phải dùng which
5. Khi nào bắt buộc dùng THAT- Khi danh từ mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật
The men and the horses that That thay thế cho : người và ngựa
6. Khi nào nên dùng THAT- Khi đầu câu là IT trong dạng nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences) It is My father that made the table.
- Khi đứng trước đó là : all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, someone, something, so sánh nhất
There is something that must be done This the most beautiful girl that I've ever met.
II. Exercises:Rewrite these sentences, using relative pronouns
1. Brenda is a friend.I went on holiday with her > ……………………………………………
2. This is Mr Smith. His son Bill plays in our team >………………………………………………
3. Her book was published last year. It became a best seller >………………………………………………
4.This is the bank. We borrowed the money from it >……………………………………………….


32/ The lorry crashed into a bus-load of schoolchildren. Six of them were slightly injured ____________________________________________________
33. In prison they fed us on dry bread. Most of it was mouldy ____________________________________________________
34. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable ____________________________________________________
35. He introduced me to his students. Most of them were from abroad ____________________________________________________
36. He expected me to pay 2$ for 12 eggs. Four of the eggs were broken ____________________________________________________
37. They gave me four very bad tyres. One of them burst before I had driven four miles ____________________________________________________
38/ The car crashed into a queue of people. Four of them were killed ____________________________________________________
39/ We need a room. We can study in that room ________________________________________________
40/ He invited her to eat out on a day. It rained heavily on that day ________________________________________________
Hãy rút gọn các mệnh đề tính từ trong các câu sau đây(
1) We had a river in which we could swim . We had a river to swim in
2) Here are some accounts that you must check. Here are some accounts for you to check.

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Giáo án : Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Giáo viên : ĐOÀN ĐÌNH LẬP TRƯỜNG THCS NAM PHƯƠNG TIẾN A- -
CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
3) The last student that was interviewed was Tom. -The last student to be interviewed was Tom
4) We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN. -We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN.
5) My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad My father, a pilot, often goes abroad.
6) I was the only one who realized him. )-I was the only one to realize him
7) I have some homework which I must do tonight. ) -I have some homework to do tonight.
8) Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way. -Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
9) I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel. -I was awakened by the sound of a
laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel.
10) There are six reports which have to be typed today. -There are six reports to be typed today.
Bai tap II) Combine these pairs of sentences, using the relative pronoun.
a. The student is from China. He studies Vietnamese.
b. We are learning sentences. They contain adjective clauses.
c. The girl is smart. Her eyes are bright.
d. Saturday is the day. Boys and girls go together on that day.

Exercise: Rewrite these sentences:
1. He left school because his life was hard. Because of
2. John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and mathedical work. Because
3. We didnt want to go out because of the heavy rain. Because
4. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didnt succeed in repairing this machine. Despite
I.Phrases and clauses of reason.( Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ lý do).
1>. Phrases of reason.Cụm từ chỉ lý do thờng đợc bắt đầu bằng từ nối : Because of.
I.Adverb Phrase of Reason: Because of => Because of + Noun/ Noun Phrase/ V-ing (reason)
II.> Clauses of reason = Adverbial clauses of reason : ( Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do )
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do là một mệnh đề phụ chỉ lý do hoặc nguyên nhân của hành động đợc nêu trong mệnh đề chính.
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do thờng đợc nối với mệnh đề chính nhờ các từ nối sau: Because, since, as ( lu ý Since và As Thờng đợc
đặt ở đầu câu) Because/ Since / As + S + V + O ( clause)
Ex: She was worried because it started to rain.
Notes : Khi đổi mệnh đề sang cụm từ, nếu hai chủ ngữ giống nhau ta có thể dùng Gerund phrase.
Ex. She stayed at home because she was sick > She stayed at home because of being sick.
Notes : Because , As , Since
+ Because Of + Noun Phrase = Because + Clause( gioỏng nhử Although & in spite of)
+ So, So That, If, To Inf
+ S + Stop / Prevent + O + From + V-ing = Because of
Ex: The teacher is sick, so we have no class tomorrow. (because -> Because the teacher is sick. We have no class tomorrow.
Ex: That restaurant is so dirty that nobody wants to eat there. (because) -> Because that restaurant is dirty, nobody wants to eat there.
Exersises:
1.(Because/So / Because of) Pelly was tired , he went to bed.
2. .He passed the exam ( because / so / because of ) he had a good teacher.
3.We stayed in ( because / because of ) the rain.
4 He was able to go to university ( because / because of) his aunts help.

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Giỏo ỏn : Bi dng hc sinh gii Giỏo viờn : ON èNH LP TRNG THCS NAM PHNG TIN A- -
CHNG M HANOI

+ V + , S
2
+ V
Ex: They live in poverty but they dont feel unhappy. ( although)> They live in poverty, they dont feel unhappy.
b/ Although +S
1
+ V + S
2
+ V ( S
1
= S
2
)-> In spite of + Ving + , S
2
+ V
Ex: Although Bill took a taxi, he still came late for the meeting. ( although) -> In spite of taking a taxi, Bill still came late for the meeting.
c/ Although +NOUN + BE+ ADJ + S
2
+ V ( Noun chổ vaọt)-> In spite of + ADJ + NOUN + , S
2
+ V
Ex: Although the weather was bad, the flight wasnt cancelled. ( although) -> In spite of the bad weather, the flight wasnt cancelled.
c/ Although +S + BE+ ADJ + S
2
+ V ( S chổ ngửụứi)-> In spite of + Possessive adj / possessive case + NOUN + , S
2
+ V
Ex: Although he was ill, he still went to work. ( although) -> In spite of his illness, he still went to work.
d/ Although +IT + BE+ ADJ + S
2

Ex: - She got up early so as not to miss the bus.He studies hard so as not to fail in the exam.
II> Clauses of purpose: Adverbial clauses of purpose. (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích)
c. Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích thờng đợc bắt đầu bằng : So that, in order that ( Để mà)
S + V + so that Will / would
( main clause) in order that + S + can / could + V( bare infi.)
may / might.
Ex: I try all my best to study English in order that I can find a better job.
I try to study so that I can pass the exam.
Notes: Nếu chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụ chỉ mục đích khác nhau ta không đợc dùng Phrase of purpose.
d. Các dạng bài tập:
Dạng 1. Nối hai câu có cùng chủ ngữ thành một câu có cụm từ chỉ mục đích hoặc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.
Ex: Mary gets up early every morning. She wants to learn her lessons.
ố Mary gets up early every morning to learn her lesson.
ố Mary gets up early every morning so that she can learn her lessons.
Dạng 2 : Nối hai câu có cùng chủ ngữ nhng sau want có tân ngữ hoặc túc từ.
Ex1: He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him >He gave me his address so that I would visit him.
* Nếu muốn dùng Phrase of purpose ở dạng này , ta phải theo công thức sau:

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Giáo án : Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Giáo viên : ĐỒN ĐÌNH LẬP TRƯỜNG THCS NAM PHƯƠNG TIẾN A- -
CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
In order for + O + to – inf.
Ex : He gave me his address in order for me to visit him.
D¹ng 3 : §ỉi mét c©u tõ … phrase of purpose… sang … Clause of purpose… hc ngỵc l¹i.
ex1. We hurried to school so as not to be late.=> We hurried to school so that we wouldn’t be late.
Ex2: Mary locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed.=> Mary locked the door so as not to be disturbed.
Notes: Khi ®éng tõ trong mƯnh ®Ị chÝnh ë th× … present… th× ta dïng will/ can ë mƯnh ®Ị chØ mơc ®Ých.
Khi ®éng tõ trong mƯnh ®Ị chÝnh ë th× qu¸ khø th× ta dïng would/ could ë mƯnh ®Ị chØ mơc ®Ých.
So That , In Order That, In Case……… + To – Inf, In Order To- Inf, So As Not To – Inf.
Ex: David signed the paper. He wanted to work at the construction company. -> David signed the paper so that he wanted to work at the construction

2/ S
1
+ V ………………………. S
2
+ want / hope + O + To-V
1
-> S
1
+ V ……………………….So That + S
2
+ can / could + V
1
( lấy O xuống làm S
2
)
-> S
1
+ V ………………………. + In order for + O + to-V
1
Ex: I spoke loudly. I wanted the man to understand what I said.
-> I spoke loudly so that the man could understand what I said. -> I spoke loudly for the man to understand what I said.
Exercises : Use a phrase or clause of purpose to combine each pair of sentences below.
1. My father drove carefully. He didn’t want to cause accidents > . My father drove carefully so that he wouldn’t cause accidents
2. Sue dutifully followed her parent’s advice. She didn’t want to cause trouble for her parents.
-> Sue dutifully followed her parent’s advice so as not to cause the trouble for her parents.
3. Mr Thompson is learning Vietnamese. He wishes to read the Tale of Kieu > Mr Thompson is learning Vietnamese in order to read the “ Tale of Kieu”
4. Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house > Please shut the door so that the dog won’t go out of the house.
5. The farmer built a high wall around his garden. The fruits wouldn’t be stolen >
IV.
Phrases and clauses of result


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Giáo án : Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Giáo viên : ĐOÀN ĐÌNH LẬP TRƯỜNG THCS NAM PHƯƠNG TIẾN A- -
CHƯƠNG MỸ HANOI
Cấu trúc là so that nhưng phải dùng much hoặc little trước danh từ đó.
He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
4. Dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít:
S + V + such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that + S + V
HOẶC
S + V + so + adjective + a + singular count noun + that + S + V
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was such an interesting book that he couldn’t put it down.It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.
5. Dùng such trước tính từ + danh từ: S + V + Such a / an + adj + N + that + S +V
They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it. It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.
Exercises:
PERIOD 7: Một số cụm từ nối khác + Dang dung cua tu:

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